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- The Checkers speech or Fund speech was an address made on September 23, 1952, by Senator Richard Nixon (R-CA), six weeks before the 1952 United States presidential election, in which he was the Republican nominee for Vice President. Nixon had been accused of improprieties relating to a fund established by his backers to reimburse him for his political expenses. His place was in doubt on the Republican ticket, so he flew to Los Angeles and delivered a half-hour television address in which he defended himself, attacked his opponents, and urged the audience to contact the Republican National Committee (RNC) to tell it whether he should remain on the ticket. During the speech, he stated that he intended to keep one gift, regardless of the outcome: a black-and-white Cocker Spaniel that his children had named Checkers, thus giving the address its popular name. Nixon came from a family of modest means, as he related in the address, and he had spent his time after law school in the military, campaigning for office, and serving in Congress. After his successful 1950 Senate campaign, his backers continued to raise money to finance his political activities. These contributions went to reimburse him for travel costs, postage for political mailings which he did not have franked, and similar expenses. Such a fund was not illegal at the time, but Nixon had made a point of attacking government corruption which exposed him to charges that he might be giving special favors to the contributors. The press became aware of the fund in September 1952, two months after Nixon's selection as General Dwight D. Eisenhower's running mate, and the story quickly grew until it threatened his place on the ticket. In an attempt to turn the tide of public opinion, Nixon broke off a whistle-stop tour of the West Coast to fly to Los Angeles and make a television and radio broadcast to the nation; the RNC raised the $75,000 to buy the television time. The idea for the Checkers reference came from Franklin D. Roosevelt's Fala speech, given eight years to the day before Nixon's address, in which Roosevelt mocked Republican claims that he had sent a destroyer to fetch his dog, Fala, when Fala was supposedly left behind in the Aleutian Islands. Nixon's speech was seen and heard by about 60 million Americans, including the largest television audience to that time, and it led to an outpouring of public support. The RNC and other political offices received millions of telegrams and phone calls supporting Nixon. He was retained on the ticket, which swept to victory weeks later in November 1952. The Checkers speech was an early example of a politician using television to appeal directly to the electorate, but it has sometimes been mocked or denigrated. The term Checkers speech has come more generally to mean any emotional speech by a politician, lacking material substance. (en)
- Le discours de Richard Nixon du 23 septembre 1952, plus communément appelé « Checkers Speech » aux États-Unis, est une allocution télévisuelle et radiophonique prononcée par le sénateur américain de Californie lors de sa candidature pour le Parti républicain à la vice-présidence des États-Unis d'Amérique. (fr)
- O discurso de Richard Nixon de 23 de setembro de 1952, mais conhecido como o discurso de Checkers (em inglês: Checkers speech) foi um discurso transmitido em rede nacional de rádio e televisão feito pelo senador dos Estados Unidos e candidato à vice-presidência Richard Nixon. O discurso rejeitava acusações de suborno, propinas e irregularidades relativas ao financiamento de sua campanha. Para tirar as suspeitas contra ele, ele fez esse discurso com duração de meia hora que teve audiência televisiva de 60 milhões de norte-americanos. Durante o discurso, tentando esconder o que é dito sobre as doações que havia recebido, ele admite que ele havia recebido um presente para seus filhos: um cão da raça Cocker Spaniel chamado "Checkers". (pt)
- 跳棋演讲（英語：Checkers speech）又称基金演讲（英語：Fund speech），是美国前总统理查德·尼克松于1952年9月23日发表的一场演讲，他当时是加利福尼亚州的联邦参议员及共和党的副总统候选人。尼克松之前被指有不正当行为，媒体报道称尼克松有一个由其支持者提供的政治基金，对他的政治开销给予报销。这一指控令尼克松的共和党副总统候选人资格受到了威胁，为此他飞到洛杉矶发表了一场时长半个小时的电视讲话，在其中自我辩护并攻击对手，还促请观众联系共和党全国委员会对他是否还应该成为候选人表明立场。演讲期间，他表示无论别人怎么说，他都打算留下支持者送的其中一件礼物：一只黑白色的美卡犬，他的女儿特里西婭將其取名为“跳棋”（Checkers），这也正是此次演讲被称为跳棋的原因。 尼克松来自一个中产阶级家庭，从法学院毕业后大部分时间都花在参军入伍、竞选公职和在国会服务上。1950年成功当选联邦参议员后，尼克松的支持者继续筹集资金资助他的政治活动。这些捐款对他的政治行程、邮件等类似费用加以报销，当时这样的基金并不非法，但由于尼克松曾表明自己有意打击政府腐败行为，因此这样的基金报销指控可能会让人怀疑他有给予赞助者特别照顾。 媒体于1952年9月得知了这项基金，这时距尼克松获选成为德怀特·艾森豪威尔上将的竞选搭档已经过去了两个月。在几天的时间里，事件的不利影响急剧膨胀，威胁到了尼克松的副总统候选人资格。为了扭转公众舆论的大潮，他中止了正在美国西岸进行的巡回竞选，飞往洛杉矶通过电视和广播向全国发表讲话，其中上电视所需要的75000美元租金是由共和党全国委员会筹集的。演讲中提及跳棋是借用富兰克林·德拉诺·罗斯福1944年发表“法拉演讲”的构思，罗斯福在该演讲中对共和党人指控自己派一艘驱逐舰去取一条据称落在阿留申群島的狗“法拉”（Fala）的说法进行了嘲笑。 这场演讲有约6000万美国人观看或收听，创下了当时电视收视人数的新纪录，公众对尼克松的支持也如泉涌般爆发。共和党全国委员会及其他政治办公室收到了数百万份电报或电话，其中绝大多数都表示支持尼克松。他因此得以继续当任共和党的副总统候选人，并在1952年11月的大选中获胜。跳棋演讲是政治家利用电视媒体直接向选民发出吁请的一个早期典型例子，但之后也有数次遭到嘲弄和贬低。“跳棋演讲”一词也成为政治家发表煽情演说的代名词。 (zh)
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- Le discours de Richard Nixon du 23 septembre 1952, plus communément appelé « Checkers Speech » aux États-Unis, est une allocution télévisuelle et radiophonique prononcée par le sénateur américain de Californie lors de sa candidature pour le Parti républicain à la vice-présidence des États-Unis d'Amérique. (fr)
- O discurso de Richard Nixon de 23 de setembro de 1952, mais conhecido como o discurso de Checkers (em inglês: Checkers speech) foi um discurso transmitido em rede nacional de rádio e televisão feito pelo senador dos Estados Unidos e candidato à vice-presidência Richard Nixon. O discurso rejeitava acusações de suborno, propinas e irregularidades relativas ao financiamento de sua campanha. Para tirar as suspeitas contra ele, ele fez esse discurso com duração de meia hora que teve audiência televisiva de 60 milhões de norte-americanos. Durante o discurso, tentando esconder o que é dito sobre as doações que havia recebido, ele admite que ele havia recebido um presente para seus filhos: um cão da raça Cocker Spaniel chamado "Checkers". (pt)
- The Checkers speech or Fund speech was an address made on September 23, 1952, by Senator Richard Nixon (R-CA), six weeks before the 1952 United States presidential election, in which he was the Republican nominee for Vice President. Nixon had been accused of improprieties relating to a fund established by his backers to reimburse him for his political expenses. His place was in doubt on the Republican ticket, so he flew to Los Angeles and delivered a half-hour television address in which he defended himself, attacked his opponents, and urged the audience to contact the Republican National Committee (RNC) to tell it whether he should remain on the ticket. During the speech, he stated that he intended to keep one gift, regardless of the outcome: a black-and-white Cocker Spaniel that his chil (en)
- 跳棋演讲（英語：Checkers speech）又称基金演讲（英語：Fund speech），是美国前总统理查德·尼克松于1952年9月23日发表的一场演讲，他当时是加利福尼亚州的联邦参议员及共和党的副总统候选人。尼克松之前被指有不正当行为，媒体报道称尼克松有一个由其支持者提供的政治基金，对他的政治开销给予报销。这一指控令尼克松的共和党副总统候选人资格受到了威胁，为此他飞到洛杉矶发表了一场时长半个小时的电视讲话，在其中自我辩护并攻击对手，还促请观众联系共和党全国委员会对他是否还应该成为候选人表明立场。演讲期间，他表示无论别人怎么说，他都打算留下支持者送的其中一件礼物：一只黑白色的美卡犬，他的女儿特里西婭將其取名为“跳棋”（Checkers），这也正是此次演讲被称为跳棋的原因。 尼克松来自一个中产阶级家庭，从法学院毕业后大部分时间都花在参军入伍、竞选公职和在国会服务上。1950年成功当选联邦参议员后，尼克松的支持者继续筹集资金资助他的政治活动。这些捐款对他的政治行程、邮件等类似费用加以报销，当时这样的基金并不非法，但由于尼克松曾表明自己有意打击政府腐败行为，因此这样的基金报销指控可能会让人怀疑他有给予赞助者特别照顾。 (zh)
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