Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-fbnjt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-17T15:06:15.221Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

A review on circularly polarized antennas, trends and advances

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 April 2020

Utsab Banerjee Open the ORCID record for Utsab Banerjee [Opens in a new window] ,
Anirban Karmakar Open the ORCID record for Anirban Karmakar [Opens in a new window]  and
Anuradha Saha
Utsab Banerjee*
Affiliation:
Electronics & Communication Engineering Department, Tripura University (A Central University), Tripura, India
Anirban Karmakar
Affiliation:
Electronics & Communication Engineering Department, Tripura University (A Central University), Tripura, India
Anuradha Saha
Affiliation:
Department of A.E.I.E., Netaji Subhash Engineering College, Garia, Kolkata, India
*
Author for correspondence: Utsab Banerjee, E-mail: utsabbanerjee36@gmail.com
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

This literature presents a comprehensive, technical review of circularly polarized (CP) antennas for different applications in wireless communication, emphasizing on the recent developments in the concerned research. The article also presents a comparative study of various works reported in the open literature, with an aim to highlight the contribution of CP antenna systems in the chronological development of the wireless communication technology. The primary motive of this review is to (a) highlight the methodologies used by different researchers to portray and analyze the different aspects in which CP antennas find their applications in modern-day wireless communication, (b) provide a practical viewpoint of the future scope of the study, based upon the past and present state-of-art research trends and (c) provide a conceptual and technical support to present-day antenna designers to help the process of furtherance of innovation and multiple system integration. In conclusion, the article also throws some light upon the future scope of research in the vast domain of CP antenna applications.

Keywords

Antennasaxial ratiobandwidthcircular polarizationleft hand circular polarizationright hand circular polarization
Type
Antenna Design, Modelling and Measurements
Information
International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies , Volume 12 , Special Issue 9: EuMCE 2019 Special Issue (Part I) , November 2020 , pp. 922 - 943
Check for updates
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press and the European Microwave Association 2020

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Balanis, CA (2005) Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design, 3rd Edn. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Google Scholar
Ludwig, AC (1975) The definition of cross-polarization. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 21, 116–119.10.1109/TAP.1973.1140406CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Row, JS and Ai, CY (2004) Compact design of single-feed circularly polarised microstrip antenna. IEEE Electronics Letters 40, 1093–1094.10.1049/el:20045602CrossRefGoogle Scholar
James, JR and Hall, PS (1989) Handbook of Microstrip Antenna, vol. 1. London, UK: Peter Peregrinus Ltd.Google Scholar
Nasimuddin, N, Qing, X and Chen, ZN (2009) Microstrip antenna with S-shaped slot for dual-band circularly polarized operation. Proceedings of the European Microwave Conference, EuMC, pp. 381–384.Google Scholar
Li, TW, Lai, CL and Sun, JS (2005) Study of dual-band circularly polarized microstrip antenna. Proceedings of the European Conference on Wireless Technology, pp. 79–80.Google Scholar
Haneishi, M, Nambara, T and Yoshida, S (1982) Study on ellipticity properties of single-feed-type circularly polarised microstrip antennas. Electronics Letters 18, 191–193.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nasimuddin, , Yong, Y, Chen, ZN and Alphones, A (2009) Circularly polarized F-shaped slot microstrip antenna with wide beamwidth. Proceedings of the European Microwave Conference, EuMC, pp. 1531–1534.Google Scholar
Ravipati, CB and Shafai, L (1999) A wide bandwidth circularly polarized microstrip antenna using a single feed. Proceeding of the IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, vol. 1, 244–247.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sudha, T, Vedavathy, TS and Bhat, N (2004) Wideband single-fed circularly polarized patch antenna. IEEE Electronic Letters 40, 648–649.10.1049/el:20040407CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Iwasaki, H (1996) A circularly polarized small-size microstrip antenna with a cross slot. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 44, 1399–1401.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ali, M, Dougal, R, Yang, G and Hwang, HS (2003) Wideband circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna for 5–6 GHz wireless LAN applications. Proceeding of the IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, vol. 2, pp. 34–37.Google Scholar
Wang, Y, Feng, J, Cui, J and Yang, X (2008) A dual-band circularly polarized stacked microstrip antenna with single-fed for GPS applications. Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Antennas Propagation and EM Theory, ISAPE, pp. 108–110.Google Scholar
Chen, WS, Wu, CK and Wong, KL (2001) Novel compact circularly polarized square microstrip antenna. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 49, 340–342.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ullah, U, Ain, MF and Ahmad, ZA (2017) A review of wideband circularly polarized dielectric resonator antennas. Communication Theories and Systems, China Communications 14, 65–79.Google Scholar
Dash, SKK and Khan, T (2018) Recent developments in bandwidth improvement of dielectric resonator antennas. International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer Aided Engineering 7, 139518–139525.Google Scholar
Chen, WS, Wu, CK and Wong, KL (1998) Compact circularly-polarised circular microstrip antenna with cross-slot and peripheral cuts. IEEE Electronics Letters 34, 1040–1041.10.1049/el:19980821CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tamakuma, K and Iwasaki, H (2003) A small size circularly polarized annular microstrip antenna. Proceedings of the International Symposium IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society, vol. 2, pp. 716–719.10.1109/APS.2003.1219336CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nasimuddin, CZ and Qing, X (2011) Symmetric aperture antenna for broadband circular polarization. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 59, 3932–3936.10.1109/TAP.2011.2163757CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huang, J (1986) A technique for an array to generate circular polarization with linearly polarized elements. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 34, 1113–1124.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chan, KKM, Tan, AEC and Rambabu, K (2013) Decade bandwidth circularly polarized antenna array. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 61, 5435–5443.10.1109/TAP.2013.2276923CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yang, SLS, Kishk, AA and Lee, KF (2008) Wideband circularly polarized antenna with L-shaped slot. IEEE Transactions on Antennas Propagation 56, 1780–1783.10.1109/TAP.2008.923340CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tseng, LY and Han, TY (2008) Microstrip-fed circular slot antenna for circular polarization. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 50, 1056–1058.10.1002/mop.23290CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sze, JY, Hsu, CIG, Chen, ZW and Chang, CC (2010) Broadband CPW-fed circularly polarized square slot antenna with lightening shaped feed-line and inverted-L grounded strips. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 58, 973–977.10.1109/TAP.2009.2039335CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pourahmadazar, J, Ghobadi, C, Nourinia, J, Felegari, N and Shirzad, H (2011) Broadband CPW-Fed circularly polarized square slot antenna with inverted-L strips for UWB applications. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 10, 369–372.10.1109/LAWP.2011.2147271CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Narbudowicz, A, John, M, Sipal, V, Bao, X and Amman, M (2015) Design method for wideband circularly polarized slot antennas. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 63, 4271–4279.10.1109/TAP.2015.2456954CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ellis, M, Zhao, Z, Wu, J, Ding, J, Nie, Z and Liu, Q (2016) A novel simple and compact microstrip fed circularly polarized wide slot antenna with axial ratio bandwidth for C band applications. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 64, 1552–1555.10.1109/TAP.2016.2526076CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nakano, H, Nogami, K, Arai, S, Mimaki, H and Yamauchi, J (1986) A spiral antenna backed by reflector a conducting plane. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 34, 791–796.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, RL, DeJean, G, Laskar, J and Tentzeris, MM (2005) Investigation of circularly polarized loop antennas with a parasitic element for bandwidth enhancement. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 53, 3930–3939.Google Scholar
Zhang, Y and Zhu, L (2006) Printed dual spiral-loop wire antenna for broadband circular polarization. IEEE Transactions on Antennas Propagation 54, 284–288.10.1109/TAP.2005.861512CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hung, KF and Lin, YC (2010) Novel broadband circularly polarized cavity backed aperture antenna with traveling wave excitation. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 58, 35–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Qu, SW, Chan, CH and Xue, Q (2010) Wideband and high-gain composite cavity-backed crossed triangular bowtie dipoles for circularly polarized radiation. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 58, 3157–3164.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baik, JW, Lee, TH, Pyo, S, Han, SM, Jeong, J and Kim, YS (2011) Broadband circularly polarized crossed dipole with parasitic loop resonators and its arrays. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 59, 80–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
He, YJ, He, W and Wong, H (2014) A wideband circularly polarized crossdipole antenna. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 13, 67–70.Google Scholar
Chung, KL (2010) A wideband circularly polarized H-shaped patch antenna. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 58, 3379–3383.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oraizi, H and Pazoki, R (2013) Wideband circularly polarized aperture-fed rotated stacked patch antenna. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 61, 1048–1054.10.1109/TAP.2012.2229378CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yang, WW and Zhou, JY (2014) Wideband circularly polarized cavity-backed aperture antenna with a parasitic square path. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 13, 197–200.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yang, W, Zhou, J, Yu, Z and Li, L (2014) Single-fed low profile broadband circularly polarized stacked patch antenna. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 62, 5406–5410.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guo, YX, Bian, L and Shi, XQ (2009) Broadband circularly polarized annular-ring microstrip antenna. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 57, 2474–2477.Google Scholar
Mak, KM and Luk, KM (2009) A circularly polarized antenna with wide axial ratio beamwidth. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 57, 3309–3312.Google Scholar
Zhang, ZY, Liu, NW, Zhao, JY and Fu, G (2013) Wideband circularly polarized antenna with gain improvement. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 12, 456–459.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fu, S, Kong, Q, Fang, S and Wang, Z (2014) Broadband circularly polarized microstrip antenna with coplanar parasitic ring slot patch for L-band satellite system application. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 13, 943–946.Google Scholar
Ahmed, OMH and Sebak, AR (2009) A novel maple-leaf shaped UWB antenna with a 5.0–6.0 GHz band-notch. Progress in Electromagnetic Research C 11, 39–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mextorf, H, Martens, R, Daschner, F and Knochel, R (2010) Dual polarized UWB antenna for free-space characterization of dielectric objects. German Microwave Conference.Google Scholar
Zhao, D, Yang, C, Zhu, M and Chen, Z (2016) Design of WLAN/LTE/UWB antenna with improved pattern uniformity using ground-cooperative radiating structure. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 64, 271–276.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zehforoosh, Y, Ghobadi, C and Nourinia, J (2006) Antenna design for ultra wideband application using a new multilayer structure. Progress in Electromagnetics Research 2, 544–549.Google Scholar
Choi, J, Hong, S and Kim, U (2007) The design of an UWB antenna with notch characteristics. Progress in Electromagnetics Research 3, 987–990.Google Scholar
Tang, MC, Shi, T and Ziolkowski, W (2016) Planar ultra wideband antennas with improved realized gain performance. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 64, 61–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jou, CF, Wu, JW and Wang, CJ (2009) Novel broadband monopole antennas with dual-band circular polarization. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 57, 1027–1034.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Banerjee, U, Karmakar, A, Chakraborty, P and Saha, A (2019) A CPW-fed compact monopole antenna with defected ground structure and modified parasitic hilbert strip having wideband circular polarization. International Journal of Electronics and Communications (AEU), 110, doi: 10.1016/j.aeue.2019.152831.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pancera, E (2010) Medical Applications of the Ultra Wideband Technology. IEEE, Loughborough, UK.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Richtmyer, R (1939) Dielectric resonators. Journal of Applied Physics 10, 391–398.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Long, S, McAllister, M and Liang, S (1983) The resonant cylindrical dielectric cavity antenna. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 31, 406–412.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Agarwal, S, Gupta, RD, Parihar, MS and Kondekar, PN (2017) A wideband high gain dielectric resonator antenna for RF energy harvesting applications. International Journal of Electronics and Communications (AEU) 78, 24–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mongia, RK and Ittipiboon, A (1997) Theoretical and experimental investigations on rectangular dielectric resonator antennas. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 45, 1348–1356.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Denidni, TA, Rao, Q and Sebak, AA (2005) Broadband L-shaped dielectric resonator antenna. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 4, 453–454.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guha, D and Antar, YMM (2006) New half-hemispherical dielectric resonator antenna for broadband monopole-type radiation. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 54, 3621–3628.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chair, R, Kishk, AA and Lee, KF (2007) Wideband stair-shaped dielectric resonator antennas. IET Microwave Antennas Propagation 1, 299–305.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Karmakar, DP, Soren, D, Ghatak, R, Poddar, DR and Mishra, RK (2009) A wideband Sierpinski carpet fractal cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna for X-band application. Proceedings of IEEE Applied Electromagnetic Conference, pp. 1–3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kishk, AA (2002) Tetrahedron and triangular dielectric resonator with wideband performance. Proceedings of IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, vol. 4, pp. 462–465.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kishk, AA (2003) Wide-band truncated tetrahedron dielectric resonator antenna excited by a coaxial probe. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 51, 2913–2917.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kishk, AA, Glisson, AW and Junker, GP (2001) Bandwidth enhancement for a split cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna. Progress in Electromagnetics Research, 33, 97–118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coulibaly, Y, Denidni, TA and Boutayeb, H (2008) Broadband microstrip-fed dielectric resonator antenna for X-band applications. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 7, 341–345.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chang, TH and Kiang, JF (2007) Broadband dielectric resonator antenna with metal coating. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 55, 1254–1259.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Denidni, TA and Weng, Z (2011) Hybrid ultra wideband dielectric resonator antenna and band notched designs. IET Microwave Antennas and Propagation 5, 450–458.10.1049/iet-map.2009.0425CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lin, YF, Chen, HM and Lin, CH (2009) Compact dual-band hybrid dielectric resonator antenna with radiating slot. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 8, 6–9.Google Scholar
Gao, Y, Feng, Z and Zhang, L (2011) Compact CPW-fed dielectric resonator antenna with dual polarization. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 10, 544–547.Google Scholar
Chair, R, Kishk, AA, Lee, KF and Smith, CE (2004) Wideband flipped staired pyramid dielectric resonator antennas. Electronic Letters 40, 581–582.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chang, TH and Kiang, JF (2007) Broadband dielectric resonator antenna with an offset well. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 6, 564–567.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leung, KW and So, KK (2009) Theory and experiment of the wideband two-layer hemsipherical dielectric resonator antenna. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 57, 1280–1284.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eshrah, IA, Kishk, AA, Yakovlev, AB and Glisson, AW (2005) Excitation of dielectric resonator antennas by a waveguide probe, modeling technique and wideband design. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 53, 1028–1037.10.1109/TAP.2004.842638CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leung, KW and So, KK (2001) Waveguide excited dielectric resonator antenna. Proceedings of the IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, pp. 132–135.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lin, YF, Chen, HM, Lin, CY and Pan, SC (2009) Planar inverted L-antenna with a dielectric resonator feed in a mobile device. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 57, 3342–3346.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hadi, LK, Kishk, AA and Kajfez, D (2009) Triple mode use of a single dielectric resonator. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 57, 1328–1335.10.1109/TAP.2009.2016708CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huitema, L, Koubeissi, M, Mouhamadou, M, Arnaud, E, Decroze, E and Monediere, T (2011) Compact and multi-band dielectric resonator antenna with pattern diversity for multistandard mobile handheld devices. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 59, 4201–4208.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kishk, AA, Ahn, B and Kajfez, D (1989) Broadband stacked dielectric resonator antennas. Electronic Letters 25, 1232–1233.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rao, Q, Denidni, TA and Sebak, AR (2006) Broadband compact stacked T-shaped DRA with equilateral triangle cross-sections. IEEE Microwave and Wireless Communication Letters 16, 7–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Luk, KM, Lee, MT, Leung, KW and Yung, EKN (1999) Technique for improving coupling between microstrip line and dielectric resonator antenna. Electronic Letters 35, 357–358.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, B and Leung, KW (2005) Strip fed rectangular dielectric resonator antennas with/without parasitic patch. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 53, 469–474.Google Scholar
Leung, KW and Leung, CK (2003) Wideband dielectric resonator antenna excited by cavity-backed circular aperture with microstrip tuning fork. Electronic Letters 39, 1033–1035.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kishk, AA, Chair, R and Lee, KF (2006) Broadband dielectric resonator antenna excited by L-shaped probe. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 54, 2182–2189.10.1109/TAP.2006.879186CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kishk, AA, Chair, R and Lee, KF (2006) Hook and 3D J-shaped probe excited dielectric resonator antenna for dual polarization application. IEE Proceedings of Microwave, Antennas and Propagation, 153, 277–281.Google Scholar
Kishk, AA, Lee, KF and Chair, R (2005) Wideband simple cylindrical dielectric resonator antennas. IEEE Microwave and Wireless Communication Letters 15, 241–243.Google Scholar
De Young, CS and Long, SA (2006) Wideband cylindrical and rectangular dielectric resonator antennas. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 5, 426–429.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fan, Z and Antar, YMM (1997) Slot-coupled dielectric resonator antenna for dual frequency operation. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 45, 306–308.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nannini, C, Ribero, M, Dauvignac, JY and Pichot, C (2003) A dual frequency dielectric resonator antenna. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 38, 9–10.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lin, YF, Lin, CH, Chen, HL and Hall, PS (2006) A miniature dielectric loaded monopole antenna for 2.4/5 GHz WLAN applications. IEEE Microwave and Wireless Communication Letters 16, 591–593.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guha, D and Antar, YMM (2006) Four element cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna for wideband monopole like radiation. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 52, 2657–2662.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haneishi, M and Takazawa, H (1985) Broadband circularly polarized planar array composed of a pair of dielectric resonator antennas. Electronic Letters 21, 437–438.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mongia, RK, Ittipiboon, A, Cuhaci, M and Roscoe, D (1994) Circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna. Electronic Letters 30, 1361–1362.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Esselle, KP (1996) Circularly polarized higher order rectangular dielectric resonator antenna. Electronic Letters 32, 150–151.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leung, KW, Wong, WC, Luk, KM and Yung, EKN (2000) Circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna excited by dual conformal strips. Electronic Letters 36, 484–486.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leung, KW and Mok, SK (2001) Circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna excited by perturbed annular slot with backing cavity. Electronic Letters 37, 934–936.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chair, R, Kishk, AA, Yang, SLS, Lee, KF and Luk, KM (2006) Aperture fed wideband circularly polarized rectangular stair-shaped dielectric resonator antenna. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 54, 1350–1352.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guha, D, Antar, YMM and Chu, LCY (2006) Comb-shaped circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna. Electronic Letters 42, 785–787.Google Scholar
Mongia, RK (1989) Half-split dielectric resonator placed on a metallic plane for antenna applications. Electronic Letters 25, 463–464.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tam, MTK and Murch, RD (1999) Compact circular sector and annular sector dielectric resonator antenna. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 47, 837–842.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hady, LK, Kishk, AA and Kajfez, D (2009) Dual – band compact DRA with circular and monopole – like linear polarizations as a concept for GPS and WLAN applications. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 57, 2591–2598.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, B, Hao, CX and Sheng, XQ (2009) A dual-mode quadrature-fed wideband circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna. IEEEAntennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 8, 1036–1038.Google Scholar
Chan, R, Zhong, SS and Liu, J (2014) Broadband circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna fed by wideband switched line coupler. Electronic Letters 50, 725–726.Google Scholar
Petosa, A, Ittipiboon, A and Cuhaci, M (1996) Array of circularly polarized cross dielectric resonator antennas. Electronic Letters 32, 1742–1743.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laisne, A, Gillard, R and Piton, G (2002) Circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna with metallic strip. Electronic Letters 38, 106–107.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yang, SI, Chair, R and Kishk, AA (2007) Study on sequential feeding networks for Sub-arrays of circularly polarized elliptical dielectric resonator antennas. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 55, 321–333.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fakhte, S, Oraizi, H and Karimian, R (2014) A novel low-cost circularly polarized rotated stacked dielectric resonator antenna. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 13, 722–725.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mandelbrot, B (1982) The Fractal Geometry of Nature. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman and Co., pp. 1186–1189.Google Scholar
Werner, DH and Ganguly, S (2003) An overview of fractal antenna engineering research. IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine 45, 38–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anguera, J, Puente, C, Borja, C and Soler, J (2005) Fractal shaped antennas: a review. Encyclopedia of RF and Microwave Engineering 2, 1620–1635.Google Scholar
Martinez, E, Anguera, J, Puente, C, Borja, C and Soler, J (2004) Broadband dual-frequency microstrip patch antenna with modified sierpinski fractal geometry. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 52, 66–73.Google Scholar
Pakkathillam, JK, Kanagasabai, M, Varadhan, C and Sakthivel, P (2013) A novel fractal antenna for UHF near-field RFID reader. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 12, 1141–1144.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Farswan, A, Gautam, AK, Kanaujia, BK and Rambabu, K (2016) Design of koch fractal circularly polarized antenna for handheld UHF RFID reader applications. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 64, 771–775.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wei, K, Li, J, Wang, L, Xu, R and Xing, Z (2017) A New technique to design circularly polarized microstrip antenna by fractal defected ground structure. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 65, 3721–3725.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pakkathillam, JK and Kanagasabai, M (2015) Circularly polarized broadband antenna deploying fractal slot geometry. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 14, 1286–1289.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jayakrighnan, VM and Sreedevi, KM (2017) Circular microstrip patch assisted planar cross-over for GPS application. Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium – Spring (PIERS), St. Petersburg. Russia.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Joy, S, Natarajamani, S and Vaitheeswaran, SM (2018) Minkowski fractal circularly polarized planar antenna for GPS application. Proceedings of the8th International Conference on Advances in Computing and Communication (ICACC), vol. 143, pp. 66–73.Google Scholar
Biswas, S, Guha, D and Kumar, C (2013) Control of higher harmonics and their radiation in microstrip antennas using compact defected ground structures. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 61, 3349–3354.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zulkifli, FY, Rahardjo, ET and Hartanto, D (2008) Radiation properties enhancement of triangular patch microstrip antenna array using hexagonal defected ground structure. Progressin Electromagnetics Research 5, 101–109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chi, PL, Waterhouse, R and Itoh, T (2011) Antenna miniaturization using slow wave enhancement factor from loaded transmission line models. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 59, 48–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kim, HM and Lee, B (2006) Bandgap and slow/fast wave characteristics of defected ground structures including left-handed features. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Technology 54, 3113–3120.Google Scholar
Prajapati, PR, Krishnamurthy, GG, Patnaik, A and Kartikeyan, MV (2015) Design and testing of a compact circularly polarized microstrip antenna with fractal defected ground structure for L-band applications. IET Microwaves. Antennas and Propagation 9, 1179–1185.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reddy, VV and Sarma, NVSN (2014) Single feed circularly polarized poly fractal antenna for wireless applications. International Journal of Computer and Information Technology 8, 1710–1713.Google Scholar
Reddy, VV and Sarma, NVSN (2014) Triband circularly polarized Koch fractal boundary microstrip antenna. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 13, 1057–1060.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baliarda, CP, Romeu, J and Cardama, A (2000) The Koch monopole: a small fractal antenna. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 48, 1773–1781.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rao, PN and Sarma, NVSN (2008) Fractal boundary circularly polarized single feed microstrip antenna. Electronic Letters 44, 1710–1711.Google Scholar
Arezoomand, AS, Zarrabi, FB, Heydari, S and Gandji, NP (2015) Independent polarization and multi-band THz absorber base on Jerusalem cross. Optics Communications 352, 121–126.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, GD, Liu, MH, Hu, XW, Kong, LH, Cheng, LL and Chen, ZQ (2014) Multi-band microwave metamaterial absorber based on coplanar Jerusalem crosses. Chinese Physics B 23, 017802.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zarrabi, FB, Mansouri, Z, Ahmadian, R, Rahimi, M and Kuhestani, H (2015) Microstrip slot antenna applications with SRR for WiMAX/WLAN with linear and circular polarization. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 57, 1332–1338.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Row, JS and Lin, YD (2014) Miniaturized designs of circularly polarized slot antenna. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 56, 1522–1526.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Qing, X and Chen, ZN (2014) Dual-square-ring-shaped slot antenna for wideband circularly polarized radiation. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 56, 2645–2649.Google Scholar
Wang, XY and Yang, GM (2014) Dual frequency and dual circular polarization slot antenna for BeiDou navigation satellite system applications. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 56, 2222–2225.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wei, CY, Liu, JC, Bor, SS, Hung, TF and Chen, CC (2013) Compact single-feed circular slot antenna with asymmetrical C-shaped strips for WLAN/WiMAX triband and circular/elliptical polarizations. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 55, 272–278.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pouyanfar, N (2013) Broadband square slot circularly polarized antenna for WiMAX and WLAN applications. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 55, 2191–2195.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heydari, S, Jahangiri, P, Arezoomand, AS and Zarrabi, FB (2016) Circular polarization fractal slot by Jerusalem cross slot for wireless applications. Progress in Electromagnetics Research Letters 63, 79–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oraizi, H and Hedayati, S (2012) Circularly polarized multiband microstrip antenna using the square and giuseppe peano fractals. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 60, 3466–3470.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jahromi, MN and Komjani, N (2008) Novel fractal monopole wideband antenna. Electromagnetic Waves and Applications 22, 195–205.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blanco, D, Rajo-Iglesias, E, Maci, S and Llombart, N (2015) Directivity enhancement and spurious radiation suppression in leaky-wave antennas using inductive grid metasurfaces. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 63, 891–900.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xu, HX, Wang, GM, Liang, JG, Qi, MQ and Gao, X (2013) Compact circularly polarized antennas combining meta-surfaces and strong spacefilling meta-resonators. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 61, 3442–3450.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martin, SH, Martinez, I, Turpin, JP, Werner, DH, Lier, E and Bray, MG (2014) The synthesis of wide- and multi-bandgap electromagnetic surfaces with finite size and nonuniform capacitive loading. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 62, 1962–1972.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sarrazin, F, Pflaum, S and Delaveaud, C (2016) Radiation efficiency optimization of electrically small antennas. International Workshop on Antenna Technology (IWAT), USA. doi: 10.1109/IWAT.2016.7434792.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ziolkowski, RW and Erentok, A (2006) Metamaterial based efficient electrically small antennas. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 54, 2113–2130.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ziolkowski, RW and Jin, P (2010) Broadband efficient electrically small metamaterial inspired antennas facilitated by active near-field resonant parasitic modes. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 58, 318–327.Google Scholar
Park, BC and Lee, JH (2011) Omnidirectional circularly polarized antenna utilizing zeroth-order resonance of epsilon negative transmission line. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 59, 2717–2721.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhou, C, Wang, G, Wang, Y, Zong, B and Ma, J (2013) CPW-fed dualband linearly and circularly polarized antenna employing novel composite right/left-handed transmission line. IEEE Antennas andWireless Propagation Letters 12, 1073–1076.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ko, ST, Park, BC and Lee, JH (2013) Dual band circularly polarized patch antenna with first positive and negative modes. IEEEAntennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 12, 1165–1168.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cai, T, Wang, GM, Zhang, XF and Shi, JP (2015) Low-profile compact circularly-polarized antenna based on fractal metasurface and fractal resonator. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 14, 1072–1076.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Han, W, Yang, F, Long, R, Zhou, L and Yan, F (2015) Bandwidth enhancement for single-feed circularly polarized microstrip antenna with epsilon-negative transmission line-based annular ring. Electronic Letters 51, 1475–1476.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chu, QX, Ye, M and Li, XR (2017) A low-profile omnidirectional circularly polarized antenna using planar sector-shaped endfire elements. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 65, 2240–2247.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Caloz, C and Itoh, T (2005) Electromagnetic Metamaterials: Transmission Line Approach and Microwave Applications. New York: Wiley.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sharma, SK and Chaudhary, RK (2015) A compact zeroth-order resonating wideband antenna with dual-band characteristics. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 14, 1670–1672.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ameen, M and Chaudhary, RK (2018) Metamaterial based circularly polarized antenna employing ENG-TL with enhanced bandwidth for WLAN applications. Electronic Letters 54, 1152–1154.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yu, A, Yang, F and Elsherbeni, A (2008) A dual band circularly polarized ring antenna based on composite right and left handed metamaterials. Progress in Electromagnetics Research 78, 73–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, DR, Pendry, JB and Wiltshire, MCK (2004) Metamaterials and negative refractive index. Science (New York, N.Y.) 305, 788.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jackson, JD (1999) Classical Electrodynamics, 3rd Edn. New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Cheng, YZ, Nie, Y, Cheng, ZZ, Wang, X and Gong, RZ (2013) Asymmetric chiral metamaterial circular polarizer based on twisted split ring resonator. Applied Physics B, Lasers and Optics, 116. doi: 10.1007/s00340-013-5659-z.Google Scholar
Prakash, P, Abegaonkar, MP, Basu, A and Koul, SK (2013) Gain enhancement of a CPW-fed monopole antenna using polarization insensitive AMC structure. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 12, 1315–1318.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jiang, ZH, Brocker, DE, Sieber, PE and Werner, DH (2013) A compact, low-profile metasurface-enabled antenna for wearable medical body area network devices. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 62, 4021–4030.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wu, Q, Scarborough, CP, Werner, DH, Lier, E and Wang, X (2012) Design synthesis of metasurfaces for broadband hybrid-mode horn antennas with enhanced radiation pattern and polarization characteristics. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 60, 3594–3604.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, W, Chen, ZN and Qing, X (2014) Metamaterial-based low-profile broadband mushroom antenna. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 62, 1165–1172.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yang, F, Demir, V, Elsherbeni, DA, Elsherbeni, AZ and Eldek, AA (2005) Planar dipole antennas near the edge of an EBG ground plane. Proceedings on Antennas and Propagation Symposium, vol. 1A, pp. 750–753.Google Scholar
Cao, WQ, Zhang, BN, Liu, AJ, Yu, TB, Guo, DS and Pan, XF (2012) Multi-frequency and dual-mode patch antenna based on electromagnetic band-gap (EBG) structure. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 60, 6007–6012.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ding, K, Gao, C, Liu, AJ, Yu, T and Qu, D (2015) Broadband C-shaped circularly polarized monopole antenna. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 63, 785–790.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, GH, Zhai HQ, TL and Liang, CH (2012) A compact antenna with broad bandwidth and quad- sense circular polarization. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Wireless Propagation 11, 761–794.Google Scholar
Rui, X, Li, J and Wei, K (2016) Dual-band dual-sense circularly polarized square slot antenna with simple structure. Electronic Letters 52, 578–580.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guo, D, He, K, Zhang, Y and Song, M (2017) A multibanddual-polarized omni-directional antenna for indoor wireless communication systems. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 16, 290–293.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tran, HH and Park, I (2016) A dual-wideband circularly polarized antenna using an artificial magnetic conductor. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 15, 950–953.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yang, W, Che, W, Jin, H, Feng, W and Xue, Q (2015) A polarization-reconfigurable dipole antenna using polarization rotation AMC structure. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 63, 5305–5315.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huang, C, Pan, W, Ma, X and Luo, X (2015) Wideband radar cross-section reduction of a stacked patch array antenna using metasurface. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 14, 1369–1372.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xiong, X, Li, X, Zhang, W and Zhang, H (2018) Enhance dual-band circularly polarized broadband antenna by using parasitic patch. IET Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation 12, 2085–2088.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paracha, KN, Abdul Rahim, SK, Soh, PJ, Kamarudin, MR, Tan, KG, Lo, YC and Islam, MT (2019) A Low profile, dual-band, dual polarized antenna for indoor/outdoor wearable application. IEEE Access 7, 33277–33288.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ghaffarian, MS, Moradi, G and Mousavi, P (2017) Wide band circularly polarized slot antenna by using artificial transmission line. IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation 11, 672–679.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Torres-Garcia, A, Marante, F, Tazon, A, Vassal'lo, J, Teniente, J and Beruete, M (2016) Broadband circular polarized field generation in single layer microstrip patch antennas. Proceedings of the10th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (Eucap).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Torres, AE, Marante, F, Tazón, A and Vassal'lo, J (2015) New microstrip radiator feeding by electromagnetic coupling for circular polarization. International Journal of Electronics and Communications (AEU) 69, 1880–1884.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mohamed, HA and Sultan, KS (2018) Quad band monopole antenna for Iot applications. Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation & USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hsu, CW, Shih, MH and Wang, CJ (2016) A triple-strip monopole antenna with dual-band circular polarization. Proceedings of the IEEE 5th Asia-Pacific Conference on Antennas and Propagation (APCAP), pp. 137–138.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tan, MT and Wang, BZ (2016) A dual-band circularly polarized planar monopole antenna for WLAN/Wi-Fi applications. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 15, 670–673.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, CH and Yung, EKN (2011) Dual-band circularly-polarized CPW-fed slot antenna with a small frequency ratio and wide bandwidths. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 59, 1379–1384.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, HD and Chen, HT (2004) A CPW-fed dual-frequency monopole antenna. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 52, 978–982.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Abed, AT, Singh, MJ and Islam, MT (2018) Compact fractal antenna circularly polarized radiation for Wi-Fi and WiMAX communications. IET Microwaves Antennas and Propagation 12, 2218–2224.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Altaf, A and Seo, M (2018) A tilted D-shaped monopole antenna with wide dual-band dual-sense circular polarization. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 12, 2464–2468.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liang, W, Jiao, YC, Luan, Y and Tian, C (2015) A dual-band circularly polarized complementary antenna. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 14, 1153–1156.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xu, R, Li, J, Qi, YX, Guangwei, Y and Yang, JJ (2017) A design of triple-wideband triple-sense circularly polarized square slot antenna. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 16, 1763–1766.Google Scholar
Qin, PY, Guo, YJ and Liang, CH (2010) Effect of antenna polarization diversity on MIMO system capacity. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 9, 1092–1095.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Khidre, A, Lee, KF, Yang, Y and Elsherbeni, AZ (2013) Circular polarization reconfigurable wideband E-shaped patch antenna for wireless applications. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 61, 960–964.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Khaleghi, A and Kamyab, M (2009) Reconfigurable single port antenna with circular polarization diversity. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 57, 555–559.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saini, RK and Dwari, S (2016) Broadband dual circularly polarized square slot antenna. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 64, 290–294.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, YB, Jiao, YC and Zhang, FS (2007) Polarization reconfigurable CPW-fed square slot antenna using PIN diodes. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 49, 1233–1236.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kumar, P, Dwari, S, Saini, RK and Mandal, MK (2019) Dual-band dual-sense polarization reconfigurable circularly polarized antenna. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 18, 64–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, XY, Zhang, Y, Pan, YM and Duan, W (2017) Low-profile dual-band filtering patch antenna and its application to LTE MIMO system. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 65, 103–113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, JF, Wu, DL, Zhang, G, Wu, YJ and Mao, CX (2019) A left/right-handed dual circularly-polarized antenna With duplexing and filtering performance. IEEE Access 7, 35431–35437.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, L, Guo, YX and Sheng, W (2012) Tri-Band circularly polarized annular slot antenna for GPS and CNSS applications. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters (Early Access), 26. doi: 10.1109/LAWP.2012.2200869.Google Scholar
Liang, Z, Li, Y and Long, Y (2014) Multiband monopole Mobile phone antenna with circular polarization for GNSS application. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 62, 1910–1917.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Osman, MN, Rahim, MKA, Yussof, MFM, Hamid, MR and Majid, HA (2013) Polarization reconfigurable cross-slots circular patch antenna. Proceedings of the International Symposium of Antennas and Propagation, vol. 2, pp. 1252–1255.Google Scholar
Lu, JH and Chang, BS (2017) Planar compact square-ring tag antenna with circular polarization for UHF RFID applications. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 65, 432–441.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ferreira, R, Joubert, J and Odendaal, JW (2017) A compact dual-circularly polarized cavity-backed ring-slot antenna. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 65, 364–368.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chandu, DS and Karthikeyan, SS (2017) A novel broadband dual circularly polarized microstrip-fed monopole antenna. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 65, 1410–1415.Google Scholar
Thakur, JP and Park, JS (2006) An advance design approach for circular polarization of the microstrip antenna with unbalance DGS feedlines. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 5, 101–103.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xu, R, Li, JY, Liu, J, Zhou, SG, Xing, ZJ and Wei, K (2018) A design of dual-wideband planar printed antenna for circular polarization diversity by combining slot and monopole modes. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 66, 4326–4331.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Karmakar, A, Banerjee, U, Chakraborty, P and Saha, A (2019) Combined triple-band circularly polarized and compact UWB monopole antenna. IET Microwaves Antennas and Propagation 13, 1306–1311.CrossRefGoogle Scholar