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From environmental exploration to clearance measurement – developing mobile robot systems for decommissioning of nuclear power plants

Von der Umgebungsexploration bis zur Freimessung – Entwicklung mobiler Robotersysteme für den Rückbau kerntechnischer Anlagen

Realization of a robot based closed-chain for automation and digitalization of the dismantling process
Realisierung einer roboterbasierten, geschlossenen Kette für die Automatisierung und Digitalisierung des Rückbauprozesses
  • Ziyuan Chen

    Ziyuan Chen was a research associate at the Institute of Technology and Management in Construction at Karlsruhe until June 2022. Her research interests are in the field BIM of automated construction from Point cloud data to BIM model and the usage of BIM for project planning.

    , Sascha Gentes

    Prof. Dr.-Ing. Sascha Gentes is a professor at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology in Karlsruhe (KIT), Germany and has the first German professorship in decommissioning of nuclear facilities in 2008 at the Institute for Technology and Management in Construction, KIT established. His recent research lies in decommissioning and management methods for nuclear facilities, nuclear waste management, socio-political studies on decommissioning effects, as well as deconstruction of conventional buildings. Prof. Gentes is a member of the advisory board of IAEA’s International Decommissioning Network (IDN), a member of the Kerntechnische Gesellschaft e.V. (KTG), and also a member of VDI board “resource efficiency”.

    , Dennis Hartmann

    Dennis Hartmann is a research associate at the Institute for Anthropomatics at Robotics and Karlsruhe. His research interests are autonomous mobile robots, semantic segmentation and path planning.

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    , Björn Hein

    Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Björn Hein was professor for Interaction Technologies for Robot Systems at the Institute for Anthropomatics and Robotics (IAR) – Intelligent Process Automation and Robotics Lab (IPR) at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) from 2012-2018. Currently he holds a professorship at the University of Applied Sciences in Karlsruhe in the Robotics and Autonomous Systems Research Group. His research focus lies in algorithms for collision free motion planning and path optimization, methods for intuitive and automatic programming of robots, human-robot interaction, novel sensor-technologies for enhancing capabilities of robot systems.

    , Siavash Kazemi

    Siavash Kazemi is a research associate at the Institute of Technology and Management in Construction at Karlsruhe. His research interests are automation and control engineering.

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    and Alena Wernke

    Alena Wernke is a research associate at the Institute of Technology and Management in Construction at Karlsruhe. Her research interests are the automation of contamination measurements for the release of nuclear power plants.

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Abstract

The number of decommissioning projects related to nuclear power plants is increasing and has been regarded as a challenging task for many nations. For example, Germany has decided to phase out nuclear power plants by the year 2022. To reduce the hazardous potential and the personal radiation exposure of the employees, robotic support in the decommissioning process is needed. In this contribution, a robot-based closed chain is presented as an important component for an automation and digitalization of the dismantling process of a nuclear power plant. The focus of the chain is on the investigation and decontamination of flat wall areas in nuclear facilities. First, geometric and radiation data are collected autonomously with a mobile, agile robot. The collected data is processed by using Building Information Modelling (BIM) methods to support the following steps. A second, industrial platform is modified to enable the positioning of two developed tools, a milling tool, and a contamination array, which will be used for decontamination and clearance measurement of concrete surfaces.

Zusammenfassung

Die Zahl der Stilllegungsprojekte im Bereich kerntechnischer Anlagen nimmt zu und wird von vielen Ländern als eine Herausforderung betrachtet. Deutschland hat zum Beispiel beschlossen, bis zum Jahr 2022 aus der Kernenergie auszusteigen. Um das Gefährdungspotenzial und die persönliche Strahlenbelastung der Mitarbeiter zu reduzieren, ist eine Unterstützung durch Robotersysteme im Rückbauprozess erforderlich. In diesem Beitrag wird eine roboterbasierte geschlossene Kette als wichtiger Bestandteil für eine Automatisierung und Digitalisierung des Rückbauprozesses eines Kernkraftwerkes vorgestellt. Der Schwerpunkt der Kette liegt auf der Untersuchung und Dekontamination von ebenen Wandbereichen in kerntechnischen Anlagen. Zunächst werden Geometrie- und Strahlungsdaten autonom mit einem mobilen, agilen Roboter erfasst. Die gesammelten Daten werden mit Hilfe von Building Information Modeling (BIM) Methoden verarbeitet, um die folgenden Schritte zu unterstützen. Eine zweite, industrielle Plattform wird modifiziert, um die Positionierung von zwei entwickelten Werkzeugen zu ermöglichen, einem Fräswerkzeug und einem Kontaminationsarray, die für die Dekontaminierung und Freimessung von Betonoberflächen verwendet werden sollen.


Corresponding authors: Siavash Kazemi and Alena Wernke, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Technology and Management in Construction (KIT-TMB), Karlsruhe, Germany, e-mail: (S. Kazemi), (A. Wernke); and Dennis Hartmann, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Anthropomatics and Robotics (KIT-IAR), Karlsruhe, Germany, e-mail:

Ziyuan Chen, Dennis Hartmann, Siavash Kazemi and Alena Wernke authors have contributed equally.


About the authors

Ziyuan Chen

Ziyuan Chen was a research associate at the Institute of Technology and Management in Construction at Karlsruhe until June 2022. Her research interests are in the field BIM of automated construction from Point cloud data to BIM model and the usage of BIM for project planning.

Sascha Gentes

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Sascha Gentes is a professor at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology in Karlsruhe (KIT), Germany and has the first German professorship in decommissioning of nuclear facilities in 2008 at the Institute for Technology and Management in Construction, KIT established. His recent research lies in decommissioning and management methods for nuclear facilities, nuclear waste management, socio-political studies on decommissioning effects, as well as deconstruction of conventional buildings. Prof. Gentes is a member of the advisory board of IAEA’s International Decommissioning Network (IDN), a member of the Kerntechnische Gesellschaft e.V. (KTG), and also a member of VDI board “resource efficiency”.

Dennis Hartmann

Dennis Hartmann is a research associate at the Institute for Anthropomatics at Robotics and Karlsruhe. His research interests are autonomous mobile robots, semantic segmentation and path planning.

Björn Hein

Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Björn Hein was professor for Interaction Technologies for Robot Systems at the Institute for Anthropomatics and Robotics (IAR) – Intelligent Process Automation and Robotics Lab (IPR) at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) from 2012-2018. Currently he holds a professorship at the University of Applied Sciences in Karlsruhe in the Robotics and Autonomous Systems Research Group. His research focus lies in algorithms for collision free motion planning and path optimization, methods for intuitive and automatic programming of robots, human-robot interaction, novel sensor-technologies for enhancing capabilities of robot systems.

Siavash Kazemi

Siavash Kazemi is a research associate at the Institute of Technology and Management in Construction at Karlsruhe. His research interests are automation and control engineering.

Alena Wernke

Alena Wernke is a research associate at the Institute of Technology and Management in Construction at Karlsruhe. Her research interests are the automation of contamination measurements for the release of nuclear power plants.

  1. Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.

  2. Research funding: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (Award Number: 13N14678).

  3. Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.

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Received: 2022-04-26
Accepted: 2022-09-20
Published Online: 2022-10-28
Published in Print: 2022-10-26

© 2022 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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