Routine Processing and Automatic Detection of Volcanic Ground Deformation Using Sentinel-1 InSAR Data: Insights from African Volcanoes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Pre-Processing of Sentinel-1 Data
2.2. Atmospheric Noise
2.3. Reference Frame
2.4. Time Series Characterisation
2.4.1. Time Series Functions
2.4.2. Velocity Uncertainties
3. Results
3.1. Atmospheric and Reference Frame Uncertainties
3.2. Analysis of Deformation Signals
3.2.1. Signal-To-Noise Ratio
3.2.2. Deformation Characteristics
3.3. Velocity Uncertainties
4. Discussion
4.1. Automated Detection Based on Signal-To-Noise Ratio
- At Adwa and Ayelu, the velocities recorded at point B are 0.1 cm/yr, which is in the same order of magnitude as our estimates of LOS velocity uncertainties. In addition, part of the signal is correlated with topography, which suggests tropospheric residuals signals.
- At O’a caldera, the phase information is very sparse as the volcanic area is covered by three lakes (Shala, Abijata and Langano). Ground displacements has been only retrieved at the caldera rim and LOS velocities do not exceed 0.2 cm/yr. No clear deformation signal has been observed.
- At Longonot, the temporal noise is ∼2 cm, which is larger than the mean value calculated for the EARS. The signal detected has a long wavelength, and it can be observed in the entire scene ( km), with LOS rates of displacement ranging from 0.5 cm/yr in the NW to −0.5 cm/yr in the SE. This pattern may suggest residual orbital ramps.
- At Ma Alalta, the signal is located on Quaternary rhyolite lava flows [46]. The maximum rate of LOS displacement is about −0.7 cm/yr, which is larger than the four cases previously described. Therefore, it is difficult to determine if this signal is noise or real ground deformation associated with the compaction or remobilization of volcanic products as previously observed in Kone lava flow [9].
4.2. Previously Unreported Deformation
4.3. Deformation Classification
4.4. Measurement Uncertainty
4.4.1. Regional Detection Threshold
4.4.2. Velocity Errors for Long-Term Signals
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Region | Nb of Volc. | Mean | Median | Std | Min/Max |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Afar | 31 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 0.5 | 0.7/2.8 |
MER | 16 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 0.4 | 0.2/2.2 |
Kenya-Tanzania | 17 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 0.5 | 0.4/2.2 |
Volcano | Detection | Model | Sigmoid | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(cm) | (cm) | (Days) | (Days) | (cm) | |||
Fentale | 5.8 | 1.0 | 5.8 | −133 | 20150422 | 43 | 8.3 |
Erta Ale | 18.0 | 1.9 | 9.5 | −86 | 20170626 | 146 | −19.0 |
Tullu Moje | 14.7 | 1.0 | 14.7 | −61 | 20161130 | 212 | 13.4 |
Suswa | 5.5 | 1.0 | 5.5 | −49 | 20181025 | 64 | 6.2 |
Kone | 6.1 | 1.2 | 5.1 | −31 | 20190329 | 426 | −8.2 |
Olkaria | 7.9 | 1.4 | 5.6 | −10 | 20170429 | 261 | −10.7 |
Model | Linear | ||||||
(cm/yr) | (cm/yr) | ||||||
Corbetti | 26.1 | 1.6 | 16.3 | −4 | 4.6 | 0.1 | 1.47 |
Alu−Dallafilla | 6.10 | 1.5 | 4.1 | −3 | −1.3 | 0.1 | 1.53 |
Silali | 3.4 | 0.4 | 8.5 | −2 | −0.7 | 0.05 | 1.35 |
Dallol | 14.6 | 1.2 | 12.2 | 10 | −3.2 | 0.1 | 1.45 |
Paka | 4.4 | 0.5 | 8.8 | 11 | −0.7 | 0.06 | 1.61 |
Gada Ale | 9.9 | 1.4 | 7.1 | 21 | −1.9 | 0.1 | 1.45 |
Dabbahu | 22.0 | 2.7 | 8.1 | 23 | 3.9 | 0.2 | 1.65 |
Model | Linear | + Seasonal | |||||
(cm/yr) | (cm) | ||||||
Nabro | 5.5 | 1.2 | 4.6 | 1.7 | 2.9 | ||
Alutu | 3.8 | 0.2 | 19 | −0.8 | 2.1 | ||
Haledebi | 5.8 | 1.3 | 4.5 | 0.4 | 2.1 |
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Albino, F.; Biggs, J.; Lazecký, M.; Maghsoudi, Y. Routine Processing and Automatic Detection of Volcanic Ground Deformation Using Sentinel-1 InSAR Data: Insights from African Volcanoes. Remote Sens. 2022, 14, 5703. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14225703
Albino F, Biggs J, Lazecký M, Maghsoudi Y. Routine Processing and Automatic Detection of Volcanic Ground Deformation Using Sentinel-1 InSAR Data: Insights from African Volcanoes. Remote Sensing. 2022; 14(22):5703. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14225703
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlbino, Fabien, Juliet Biggs, Milan Lazecký, and Yasser Maghsoudi. 2022. "Routine Processing and Automatic Detection of Volcanic Ground Deformation Using Sentinel-1 InSAR Data: Insights from African Volcanoes" Remote Sensing 14, no. 22: 5703. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14225703