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Gaifman Normal Forms for Counting Extensions of First-Order Logic

Authors Dietrich Kuske, Nicole Schweikardt

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LIPIcs.ICALP.2018.133.pdf
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Author Details

Dietrich Kuske
  • Technische Universität Ilmenau, Germany
Nicole Schweikardt
  • Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany

Funding

  • Schweikardt, Nicole: Funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) - SCHW 837/5-1.

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Dietrich Kuske and Nicole Schweikardt. Gaifman Normal Forms for Counting Extensions of First-Order Logic. In 45th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2018). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 107, pp. 133:1-133:14, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2018)
https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2018.133

Abstract

We consider the extension of first-order logic FO by unary counting quantifiers and generalise the notion of Gaifman normal form from FO to this setting. For formulas that use only ultimately periodic counting quantifiers, we provide an algorithm that computes equivalent formulas in Gaifman normal form. We also show that this is not possible for formulas using at least one quantifier that is not ultimately periodic. Now let d be a degree bound. We show that for any formula phi with arbitrary counting quantifiers, there is a formula gamma in Gaifman normal form that is equivalent to phi on all finite structures of degree <= d. If the quantifiers of phi are decidable (decidable in elementary time, ultimately periodic), gamma can be constructed effectively (in elementary time, in worst-case optimal 3-fold exponential time). For the setting with unrestricted degree we show that by using our Gaifman normal form for formulas with only ultimately periodic counting quantifiers, a known fixed-parameter tractability result for FO on classes of structures of bounded local tree-width can be lifted to the extension of FO with ultimately periodic counting quantifiers (a logic equally expressive as FO+MOD, i.e., first-oder logic with modulo-counting quantifiers).

Subject Classification

ACM Subject Classification
  • Theory of computation → Logic
Keywords
  • Finite model theory
  • Gaifman locality
  • modulo-counting quantifiers
  • fixed parameter tractable model-checking

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