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Fully Dynamic Strongly Connected Components in Planar Digraphs

Authors Adam Karczmarz , Marcin Smulewicz

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Author Details

Adam Karczmarz
  • University of Warsaw, Poland
  • IDEAS NCBR, Warsaw, Poland
Marcin Smulewicz
  • University of Warsaw, Poland

Funding

  • Karczmarz, Adam: Partially supported by the ERC CoG grant TUgbOAT no 772346 and the National Science Centre (NCN) grant no. 2022/47/D/ST6/02184.

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Adam Karczmarz and Marcin Smulewicz. Fully Dynamic Strongly Connected Components in Planar Digraphs. In 51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 297, pp. 95:1-95:20, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)
https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.95

Abstract

In this paper we consider maintaining strongly connected components (SCCs) of a directed planar graph subject to edge insertions and deletions. We show a data structure maintaining an implicit representation of the SCCs within Õ(n^{6/7}) worst-case time per update. The data structure supports, in O(log²{n}) time, reporting vertices of any specified SCC (with constant overhead per reported vertex) and aggregating vertex information (e.g., computing the maximum label) over all the vertices of that SCC. Furthermore, it can maintain global information about the structure of SCCs, such as the number of SCCs, or the size of the largest SCC. To the best of our knowledge, no fully dynamic SCCs data structures with sublinear update time have been previously known for any major subclass of digraphs. Our result should be contrasted with the n^{1-o(1)} amortized update time lower bound conditional on SETH, which holds even for dynamically maintaining whether a general digraph has more than two SCCs.

Subject Classification

ACM Subject Classification
  • Theory of computation → Dynamic graph algorithms
Keywords
  • dynamic strongly connected components
  • dynamic strong connectivity
  • dynamic reachability
  • planar graphs

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