Karibia

Caribbean
Area	239,681 km2 (92,541 sq mi)
Population	44,182,048
Population density	151.5/km2 (392/sq mi)
Ethnic groups	Afro-Caribbean, Latino or Hispanic, (Spanish, Portuguese, Criollo, Mestizo, Mulatto, Pardo, and Zambo), Indian, European, Chinese, Jewish, Arab, Amerindian, Javanese, Hmong, Multiracial
Religions	Christianity, Hinduism, Islam, Afro-American religions, Traditional African religions, Rastafari, Native American religions, Judaism, Buddhism, Chinese folk religions (incl. Confucianism and Taoism), Bahá'í, Kebatinan, Sikhism, Irreligion, others
Demonym	Caribbean, West Indian
Countries	16
Dependencies	12
Languages	English; Spanish; French; Dutch; French Creoles; English Creoles; Dutch Creoles; Spanish Creoles; Papiamento; Caribbean Hindustani; Chinese; among others;
Time zones	UTC−05:00 to UTC−04:00
Internet TLD	Multiple
Calling code	Multiple
Largest cities	List of metropolitan areas in the West Indies Santo Domingo; Port-au-Prince; San Juan; Havana; Kingston; Santiago de los Caballeros; Santiago de Cuba; Willemstad; Oranjestad; Punta Cana; Cap-Haïtien; Nassau; Paramaribo; Chetumal; Spanish Town; Porlamar; Cayenne; Georgetown; Bridgetown; San Fernando; Belize City;
UN M49 code	029 – Caribbean; 419 – Latin America and the Caribbean; 019 – Americas; 001 – World

Karibia (/ˌkærɪˈbiːən, kəˈrɪbiən/ KARR-ib-EE-ən, kə-RIB-ee-ən, locally /ˈkærɪbiæn/ KARR-ib-ee-an;^[4] Spanish: el Caribe; French: les Caraïbes; Dutch: de Caraïben) nopo nga subwilayah id Amerika kohompit no Rahat Caribbean om pulau-pulau dau, i soboogian nosorilian do Rahat Caribbean^[5] om i nopo suai nga miwolit miampai Rahat Caribbean Sea om Lautan Atlantik Koibutan;^[6] om sumoonu, kotogisan i minsomok miampai tana tagayo (mainland) nga posuangon id wilayah diti. Wilayah nopo diti nga id kabaatan kosilahon Teluk Mexico om Amerika Koibutan, kosilahon do Amerika Tanga, om koibutan do Amerika Kabaatan.

Poinladsong o soboogian tagayo id sawat Plat Caribbean, wilayah nopo diti nga kiwaa ribuan pulau, pulau tokoro, terumbu, om kawis.^[7] Lengkung pulau mombontuk piolitan koibutan om kosilahon Rahat Caribbean:^[7] Antilles Tagayo id koibutan om Antilles Tokoro, kohompit no Leeward Antilles, id kosilahon om kabaatan. Kepulauan Lucayan Archipelago di poindoros, kohompit no Bahamas om Kepulauan Turks om Caicos, om pulau Barbados id Antilles Tokoro nopo kaka nga soboogian mantad Caribbean sundung do au miwolit miampai Rahat Caribbean. Koinsanai nopo pulau id Antilles kopisugku do Lucayan Archipelago mombontuk Hindia Kotonobon, i insaru piagalon miampai istilah Caribbean. Id tanah tagayo, Belize om kotogisan Caribbean id Mexico, Amerika Tanga, om Amerika Kabaatan, kaaampai no Semenanjung Yucatán id Mexico, Jabatan Kepulauan Bay id Honduras, Wilayah Autonomi Caribbean Koibutan om Kabaatan id Nicaragua, Wilayah Limón id Costa Rica, Kepulauan San Andrés, Providencia om Santa Catalina, Cartagena, om Barranquilla id Colombia, Maracaibo, Cumaná, om Wilayah Persekutuan id Venezuela, nga soboogian i mantad koubasanan Caribbean.^[8] Guyana Perancis, Guyana, Panama, om Suriname nga insaru posuangon sabaagi soboogian mantad Caribbean gama pionitan pulitik om koubasanan diolo miampai wilayah dii.

Mantad pisuk geopulitik, insaru o Kepulauan Caribbean tinduon sabaagi subregion do Amerika Koibutan, sundung sumoonu poinsuang ii id Amerika Tanga toi ko' pologoson sabaagi subregion sondii;^[9]^[10] istilah "Caribbean" nopo nga oguno kanto montok pengecualian di tinomod, toi ko' kinosuangon di au tinomod, sabaagi soboogian mantad Amerika Latin. Koiyonon Caribbeannopo nga oulud kumaa 33 entiti pulitik, kohompit no 13 pogun berdaulat, 12 wilayah jajahan, wilayah pioduhan sajara i nokoumbal haro, om turu wilayah labus pogun di suai. Mantad 15 Momuhau 1954 gisom 10 Gumas 2010, kiwaa wilayah i ointutunan sabaagi Antilles Belanda i papahangkum mantad limo pulau, om oinsanan nopo dii nga jajahan do Belanda dependencies.^[11] Mantad 3 Milatok 1958 gisom 31 Mikat 1962, kiwaa nogi iso koisaan pulitik i i kiumul oniba i ointutunan sabaagi Persekutuan Hindia Kotonobon British i noturidong mantad hopod wilayah Caribbean i momoguno boros Inggeris, koinsanani nopo dii ontok dii jajahan do British.

Gama do sajara gelombang imigrasi i noowit do panaladan Sepanyol, Inggeris, Belanda, om Perancis, perdagangan hamba mantad Afrika, om buruh terikat mantad Asia, om nogi imigrasi moden, baino nopo Caribbean moden nopo nga iso mantad wilayah di bobos mogikaakawo tinaru id pomogunan, miampai mogigion nopo dau nga mantad mogisuusuai kointutunan tinaru.

Etimologi om kopolombusan

Minaganu o wilayah diti do ngaran mantad do Caribs, iso tinimungan etnik id Antilles Tokoro om soboogian mantad Amerika Kabaatan i misampapaing ontok timpu panaladan Srpanyol id Amerika.^[12]

Duo kopolombusan i koubasanan montok "Caribbean" id labus Caribbean nopo nga /ˌkærɪˈbiːən/ (KARR-ə-BEE-ən), miampai panatalan ontok putul boros kotolu, om /kəˈrɪbiən/ (kə-RIB-ee-ən), miampai panatalan id putul boros koduo. Kogumuan nopo puru di kikuasa ontok abad di poglu po lobi orohian do panatalan id putul boros kotolu.^[13] Iti nopo nga kopolombusan nokopogulu mantad koduo-duo dii, nga noguno o varian panatalan kumaa putul boros koduo solinaid lobi mantad 75 toun.^[14] Haro o suul do lobi asanangan do /ˌkærɪˈbiːən/ (KARR-ə-BEE-ən) o moomoborosBoros Inggeris British om moomoboros Amerika Koibutan nopo nga oubas momoguno /kəˈrɪbiən/ (kə-RIB-ee-ən),^[15] nga minapatayad o komoiboros oponsol Amerika om toud suai do lobi koubsan o panatalan kumaa putul boros kotolu id suang Boros Inggeris Amerika..^[16]^[17]^[18]^[19] Tumanud versi Amerika mantad Oxford Online Dictionaries, oubas-ubas nodi gunoon o panatalan putul boros koduo id suang Boros Inggeris Uk om lobi kawawagu om "otopot" kaka ii montok "piipiro puru".^[20]

Tumanud nopo Oxford Online Dictionaries, panatalan ontok putul boros koduo nopo nga kopolombusan di bobos koubasanan doid Caribbean sondii, nga tumanud do Dictionary of Caribbean English Usage, kopolombusan nopo di bobos koubasan id suang Boros Inggeris Caribbean nga poposotol do putul boros koiso, /ˈkærɪbiæn/ (KARR-ih-bee-an).^[4]^[20]

Korotian

Kiwaa mogisuusuai kogunoon do hogot "Caribbean". Kogunoon nopo kopio dau nga montok geografi om pulitik. Caribbean nga milo nogi pogoyoon montok mamahangkum wilayah i kiwaa pionitan koubasanan om sajara di ogirot miampai Afrika, perhambaan, panaladan Eropah om sistem mongumo.

Skema geosains Koisaan bansa-bansa Miiso montok Amerika papatayad do Caribbean sabaagi wilayah di misuai id suang koiyonon Amerika.
Id pisuk fisiografi, koiyonon Caribbean nopo nga rangkaian pulau i monorili Rahat Caribbean. Id koibutan, wilayah nopo diti nga miwolit miampai Teluk Mexico, selat Florida om Lautan Atlantik Koibutan, i poinladsong id kosilahon om koibutan kosilahon. Garis kotogisan Amerika kabaatan nopo nga ponong id kabaatan.

Sukuon

↑ "World Population Prospects 2022". United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Linoyog ontok July 17, 2022.
↑ "World Population Prospects 2022: Demographic indicators by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950-2100" (XSLX) ("Total Population, as of 1 July (thousands)"). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Linoyog ontok July 17, 2022.
↑ McWhorter, John H. (2005). Defining Creole. Oxford University Press US. p. 379. ISBN 978-0-19-516670-5.
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Allsopp, Richard; Allsopp, Jeannette (2003). Dictionary of Caribbean English Usage. University of the West Indies Press. p. 136–. ISBN 978-976-640-145-0.
↑ Engerman, Stanley L. (2000). "A Population History of the Caribbean". In Haines, Michael R.; Steckel, Richard Hall (eds.). A Population History of North America. Cambridge University Press. pp. 483–528. ISBN 978-0-521-49666-7. OCLC 41118518.
↑ Hillman, Richard S.; D'Agostino, Thomas J., eds. (2003). Understanding the contemporary Caribbean. London, UK: Lynne Rienner. ISBN 978-1588266637. OCLC 300280211.
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 Rogoziński, Jan (1999). A Brief History of the Caribbean (Revised ed.). New York: Facts on File, Inc. pp. 3–4. ISBN 0-8160-3811-2. Linoyog ontok 15 July 2024 – via Internet Archive.
↑ Higman, B. W. (2011). A Concise History of the Caribbean. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. xi. ISBN 978-0521043489.
↑ "North America" Archived 3 Mikat 2015 at the Wayback Machine. Britannica Concise Encyclopedia; "... associated with the continent is Greenland, the largest island in the world, and such offshore groups as the Arctic Archipelago, the Bahamas, the Greater and Lesser Antilles, the Queen Charlotte Islands, and the Aleutian Islands," but also "North America is bounded ... on the south by the Caribbean Sea," and "according to some authorities, North America begins not at the Isthmus of Panama but at the narrows of Tehuantepec."
↑ The World: Geographic Overview, The World Factbook, Central Intelligence Agency; "North America is commonly understood to include the island of Greenland, the isles of the Caribbean, and to extend south all the way to the Isthmus of Panama"
↑ The Netherlands Antilles: The joy of six, The Economist Magazine, 29 April 2010
↑ "Carib". Encyclopædia Britannica. Pinoopi mantad sand̠ad ontok 30 April 2008. Linoyog ontok 20 February 2008. inhabited the Lesser Antilles and parts of the neighbouring South American coast at the time of the Spanish conquest.
↑ Elster, Charles Harrington. "Caribbean", from The Big Book of Beastly Mispronunciations Archived 17 Gomot 2023 at the Wayback Machine. p.78. (2d ed. 2005)
↑ In the early 20th century, only the pronunciation with the primary stress on the third syllable was considered correct, according to Frank Horace Vizetelly, A Desk-Book of Twenty-five Thousand Words Frequently Mispronounced (Funk and Wagnalls, 1917), p. 233.
↑ Ladefoged, Peter; Johnson, Keith (2011). A Course in Phonetics. Cengage Learning. pp. 86–. ISBN 978-1-4282-3126-9.
↑ Random House Dictionary
↑ American Heritage Dictionary
↑ Merriam Webster
↑ See, e.g., Elster, supra.
↑ ^20.0 ^20.1 Oxford Online Dictionaries

Noputan labus

Caribbean at Curlie
Digital Library of the Caribbean
Latin American, Caribbean, U.S. Latinx, and Iberian Online Free E-Resources (LACLI).
Manioc, open access digital Library, books, images, conferences, articles about the Caribbean
Federal Research Division of the U.S. Library of Congress: Caribbean Islands (1987)
Media related to Caribbean at Wikimedia Commons

14°31′32″N 75°49′06″W / 14.52556°N 75.81833°W / 14.52556; -75.81833

[UN_WPP-1] "World Population Prospects 2022". United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Linoyog ontok July 17, 2022.

[UN_WPP_2022-2] "World Population Prospects 2022: Demographic indicators by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950-2100" (XSLX) ("Total Population, as of 1 July (thousands)"). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Linoyog ontok July 17, 2022.

[3] McWhorter, John H. (2005). Defining Creole. Oxford University Press US. p. 379. ISBN 978-0-19-516670-5.

[dce-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Allsopp, Richard; Allsopp, Jeannette (2003). Dictionary of Caribbean English Usage. University of the West Indies Press. p. 136–. ISBN 978-976-640-145-0.

[5] Engerman, Stanley L. (2000). "A Population History of the Caribbean". In Haines, Michael R.; Steckel, Richard Hall (eds.). A Population History of North America. Cambridge University Press. pp. 483–528. ISBN 978-0-521-49666-7. OCLC 41118518.

[6] Hillman, Richard S.; D'Agostino, Thomas J., eds. (2003). Understanding the contemporary Caribbean. London, UK: Lynne Rienner. ISBN 978-1588266637. OCLC 300280211.

[brief-7] 7.0 ^7.1 Rogoziński, Jan (1999). A Brief History of the Caribbean (Revised ed.). New York: Facts on File, Inc. pp. 3–4. ISBN 0-8160-3811-2. Linoyog ontok 15 July 2024 – via Internet Archive.

[8] Higman, B. W. (2011). A Concise History of the Caribbean. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. xi. ISBN 978-0521043489.

[9] "North America" Archived 3 Mikat 2015 at the Wayback Machine. Britannica Concise Encyclopedia; "... associated with the continent is Greenland, the largest island in the world, and such offshore groups as the Arctic Archipelago, the Bahamas, the Greater and Lesser Antilles, the Queen Charlotte Islands, and the Aleutian Islands," but also "North America is bounded ... on the south by the Caribbean Sea," and "according to some authorities, North America begins not at the Isthmus of Panama but at the narrows of Tehuantepec."

[10] The World: Geographic Overview, The World Factbook, Central Intelligence Agency; "North America is commonly understood to include the island of Greenland, the isles of the Caribbean, and to extend south all the way to the Isthmus of Panama"

[11] The Netherlands Antilles: The joy of six, The Economist Magazine, 29 April 2010

[12] "Carib". Encyclopædia Britannica. Pinoopi mantad sand̠ad ontok 30 April 2008. Linoyog ontok 20 February 2008. inhabited the Lesser Antilles and parts of the neighbouring South American coast at the time of the Spanish conquest.

[13] Elster, Charles Harrington. "Caribbean", from The Big Book of Beastly Mispronunciations Archived 17 Gomot 2023 at the Wayback Machine. p.78. (2d ed. 2005)

[14] In the early 20th century, only the pronunciation with the primary stress on the third syllable was considered correct, according to Frank Horace Vizetelly, A Desk-Book of Twenty-five Thousand Words Frequently Mispronounced (Funk and Wagnalls, 1917), p. 233.

[15] Ladefoged, Peter; Johnson, Keith (2011). A Course in Phonetics. Cengage Learning. pp. 86–. ISBN 978-1-4282-3126-9.

[16] Random House Dictionary

[17] American Heritage Dictionary

[18] Merriam Webster

[19] See, e.g., Elster, supra.

[oed-20] 20.0 ^20.1 Oxford Online Dictionaries

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