Gloria ORIGGI
Gloria Origgi is a philosopher and works at the CNRS in Paris - Institut Nicod: www.institutnicod.org. Her main interests are in social epistemology, philosophy of social science, philosophy of cognitive science and web studies. She advocates an interdisciplinary approach to research in humanities and social sciences. She has conceived and runs a website of interdisciplinary virtual conferences at www.interdisciplines.org. Her last book is on the philosophy of trust (Qu'est-que la confiance? Vrin, Paris, 2008). She also writes fiction in Italian and is interested in connecting philosophical themes to literary experiments. She has a blog at: http://gloriaoriggi.blogspot.com
Phone: +33 1 43202250
Address: Institut Nicod
29 rue d'Ulm
75005 - Paris
Phone: +33 1 43202250
Address: Institut Nicod
29 rue d'Ulm
75005 - Paris
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Books by Gloria ORIGGI
Organized collective life would be impossible without forms of authority, however legitimate. It is thus difficult to imagine constructing a shared knowledge without thinking critically about “authority,” even though we simultaneously need it to focus our criticism. Without authority, knowledge itself would become completely subjective, unstructured, incommunicable and unable to build upon itself.
From the cognitive sciences to political and legal philosophy, the subject discussed in this volume remains one of the most fascinating areas of research and analysis in the humanities.
La réputation est omniprésente dans notre vie sociale, morale et cognitive, pourtant elle reste un concept difficile à saisir : est-elle mesurable ? Est-elle objectivable ? Le fait de se fier à la réputation nous condamne-t-il à une vision biaisée et subjective de la réalité ?
Exclue des sciences sociales comme reliquat des valeurs d’un monde prémoderne, la réputation s’impose aujourd’hui comme une notion fondamentale pour expliquer les conséquences du jeu des opinions sur le comportement collectif.
En économie, elle est indispensable pour expliquer les conséquences des asymétries informationnelles sur les marchés. En sociologie, elle revient en force pour rendre compte des phénomènes de visibilité. Dans la théorie des jeux stratégiques, la réputation est aujourd’hui une notion clé pour expliquer en termes rationnels l’altruisme. Dans le domaine des relations internationales, on s’interroge sur le rôle de la réputation dans les confrontations entre états. L’usage d’indicateurs, tels les systèmes de notation financière, les classements, et toutes les nouvelles techniques de gouvernance, met la question de la réputation au centre de l’analyse politique. En philosophie morale, la réputation apparaît comme justification du comportement désintéressé, et en psychologie elle est au fondement de la notion même de « caractère » en permettant d’expliquer le développement des émotions sociales comme la honte et l’embarras. Pour finir, le Web et les réseaux sociaux font de la réputation une véritable nouvelle « monnaie » d’échange et un outil puissant d’extraction de l’information. En somme, la réputation semble envahir notre vie d’acteurs sociaux et demande à être repensée, au-delà de sa simple valeur d’étiquette sociale, comme dimension constitutive de notre relation aux autres et au monde.
NUMÉRO DIRIGÉ PAR GLORIA ORIGGI
1. the rationality of trust
2. the epistemology of trust
3. the moral dimension of trust
Papers by Gloria ORIGGI
of academic knowledge production. They have also challenged the perceived common sense view of scientific research. Method: Analytical approach to set out a comprehensive framework on the current debate on scholarly publishing and to shed light on the peculiar organization and the working of this peculiar productive sector. Result: The way in which scientific knowledge is produced and transmitted has been dramatically affected by the series of recent major technosocietal transformations.
Although the effects are many, in particular the current overlap and interplay between two distinct and somewhat opposite stances—scientific and economic—tend to blur the overall understanding of what scholarly publishing is and produces distortion on its working which in turn affect the scientific
activities. The outcome is thus a series of intended and unintended effects on the production and dissemination of scientific knowledge.
Conclusion: The article suggests that a substantial transformation
characterizes science today that seems more like a thrusting, entrepreneurial business than a contemplative, disinterested endeavor. In this essay, we provide a general overview of the pivotal role of the scholarly publishing in fostering this change and its pros and cons connected to the idiosyncratic interplay between social norms and market stances.
1) How are they impacting behavioral research, and, more precisely, our vision of what a human being is?
2) To what extent the development of new research paradigms takes into account this dimension and how? What we – researchers - want to measure when we measure difference?
3) How differences in epistemic cultures impact the way in which the gender difference is conceived by research and conceptualized in our folk psychology?
By gathering the results of one year of a research grant at the Institut Nicod in Paris on the epistemology of gender, my paper will explore how the gender dimension has impacted the practices of research in social psychology and cognitive neuroscience by challenging the received views coming from the classical “gender studies” about the gender distinction, the male/female dichotomy and the relation between nature and nurture
Organized collective life would be impossible without forms of authority, however legitimate. It is thus difficult to imagine constructing a shared knowledge without thinking critically about “authority,” even though we simultaneously need it to focus our criticism. Without authority, knowledge itself would become completely subjective, unstructured, incommunicable and unable to build upon itself.
From the cognitive sciences to political and legal philosophy, the subject discussed in this volume remains one of the most fascinating areas of research and analysis in the humanities.
La réputation est omniprésente dans notre vie sociale, morale et cognitive, pourtant elle reste un concept difficile à saisir : est-elle mesurable ? Est-elle objectivable ? Le fait de se fier à la réputation nous condamne-t-il à une vision biaisée et subjective de la réalité ?
Exclue des sciences sociales comme reliquat des valeurs d’un monde prémoderne, la réputation s’impose aujourd’hui comme une notion fondamentale pour expliquer les conséquences du jeu des opinions sur le comportement collectif.
En économie, elle est indispensable pour expliquer les conséquences des asymétries informationnelles sur les marchés. En sociologie, elle revient en force pour rendre compte des phénomènes de visibilité. Dans la théorie des jeux stratégiques, la réputation est aujourd’hui une notion clé pour expliquer en termes rationnels l’altruisme. Dans le domaine des relations internationales, on s’interroge sur le rôle de la réputation dans les confrontations entre états. L’usage d’indicateurs, tels les systèmes de notation financière, les classements, et toutes les nouvelles techniques de gouvernance, met la question de la réputation au centre de l’analyse politique. En philosophie morale, la réputation apparaît comme justification du comportement désintéressé, et en psychologie elle est au fondement de la notion même de « caractère » en permettant d’expliquer le développement des émotions sociales comme la honte et l’embarras. Pour finir, le Web et les réseaux sociaux font de la réputation une véritable nouvelle « monnaie » d’échange et un outil puissant d’extraction de l’information. En somme, la réputation semble envahir notre vie d’acteurs sociaux et demande à être repensée, au-delà de sa simple valeur d’étiquette sociale, comme dimension constitutive de notre relation aux autres et au monde.
NUMÉRO DIRIGÉ PAR GLORIA ORIGGI
1. the rationality of trust
2. the epistemology of trust
3. the moral dimension of trust
of academic knowledge production. They have also challenged the perceived common sense view of scientific research. Method: Analytical approach to set out a comprehensive framework on the current debate on scholarly publishing and to shed light on the peculiar organization and the working of this peculiar productive sector. Result: The way in which scientific knowledge is produced and transmitted has been dramatically affected by the series of recent major technosocietal transformations.
Although the effects are many, in particular the current overlap and interplay between two distinct and somewhat opposite stances—scientific and economic—tend to blur the overall understanding of what scholarly publishing is and produces distortion on its working which in turn affect the scientific
activities. The outcome is thus a series of intended and unintended effects on the production and dissemination of scientific knowledge.
Conclusion: The article suggests that a substantial transformation
characterizes science today that seems more like a thrusting, entrepreneurial business than a contemplative, disinterested endeavor. In this essay, we provide a general overview of the pivotal role of the scholarly publishing in fostering this change and its pros and cons connected to the idiosyncratic interplay between social norms and market stances.
1) How are they impacting behavioral research, and, more precisely, our vision of what a human being is?
2) To what extent the development of new research paradigms takes into account this dimension and how? What we – researchers - want to measure when we measure difference?
3) How differences in epistemic cultures impact the way in which the gender difference is conceived by research and conceptualized in our folk psychology?
By gathering the results of one year of a research grant at the Institut Nicod in Paris on the epistemology of gender, my paper will explore how the gender dimension has impacted the practices of research in social psychology and cognitive neuroscience by challenging the received views coming from the classical “gender studies” about the gender distinction, the male/female dichotomy and the relation between nature and nurture
and a sociologist of health and human rights, both interested in
transdisciplinary approaches to social sciences. While working together in Porto Alegre and in Paris, we realized that sex, more than gender, is one of the most interesting transdisciplinary notions in contemporary social sciences and that the failure of treating it in transdisciplinary terms still has weighty consequences in political and legal decisions regarding the recognition of transsexual identity. In our analysis, we focus on the normative consequences
of ambiguous conceptions of sex by comparing legal sentences on sex change in Brazil and Europe and commenting on the recent Argentinian adoption of a jurisdiction that recognizes transgender rights by clearly distinguishing gender identity from the anatomical/biological sexual identity determined at birth.
We conclude that a fully developed consideration of transsexuality as a human and health right should normatively account for the distinction between sex and gender. This will improve the rights not only of transsexuals but also of all the transgender attitudes towards sexuality (that is attitudes aimed at weakening the sharp opposition between male and female) that struggle to be recognized because of the conceptual confusions between different interpretations of sexual identity.
They are cognitive facilitators that make a thesis more vivid by depicting an exemplar scenario. They are a form of exemplifications but are different from examples: they tend to exemplarity in a way that not any example does.
They are different from analogies. They are different from thought experiments.