Presidential elections were held in East Timor on 19 March 2022.[1] Incumbent Francisco Guterres sought election to a second term.[2] As none of the presidential nominees received at least 50% of the cast votes, a runoff was held on 19 April 2022, between the top two candidates, José Ramos-Horta and Guterres.[3] Ramos-Horta won the runoff with 62.1% of the total votes cast.[4]
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The election marked the first time that someone had been re-elected to the East Timorese presidency (albeit to a non-consecutive term), as well as the second time that an incumbent president had been defeated – after the 2012 election, when Ramos-Horta was eliminated in the first round.[5] As a result of constitutional provisions which limit presidents to two five-year terms in a lifetime, Ramos-Horta will be ineligible to run in any future presidential election.[6]
Electoral system
editThe President of East Timor is elected using the two-round system.[7] With no single winner in the first round getting over 50% of the vote, a second round was held a month after the first with the top two candidates.[3]
Campaign
editThe campaign was described as "largely peaceful and competitive" by EU electoral observer Ruiz Devesa.[8] Younger voters, with less strong regional convictions and party affiliations, were considered a pivotal voter bloc during the election, being seen as contributing to the third-place finish of KHUNTO candidate Armanda Berta dos Santos.[9]
Incumbent President Francisco Guterres was backed by Mari Alkatiri. Ramos-Horta's campaign was supported by Xanana Gusmão, who was dubbed the "Kingmaker of Timor Leste".[8][10] The campaign between Guterres and Ramos-Horta was seen by some analysts in the Lowy Institute as a conflict between Alkatiri and Gusmao, who backed opposing candidates.[11] Guterres' previous administration was considered by outside sources to be in political deadlock since 2017.[9] Guterres was perceived to be running a competitive campaign despite his first round result, where he placed second.[11] However, former Fretilin member and fourth place candidate Lere Anan Timur refused to back Guterres or Ramos-Horta.[11] Fretilin ran a campaign stating that Ramos-Horta was unfit to be president, blaming him for the political violence and crisis that happened during his prime ministership in 2006.[12]
Former President José Ramos-Horta came out of retirement as he stated that incumbent president Francisco “Lu-Olo” Guterres had violated the constitution.[8] Guterres had previously refused to swear in several ministers from Ramos-Horta's party on the grounds that they were currently undergoing legal investigations over corruption.[13] Ramos-Horta stated that in the event of winning the presidential election, he would potentially dissolve parliament and call for new elections.[8][13] Ramos-Horta ran on a platform of poverty reduction, increasing healthcare services for mothers and children, as well as increasing job creation.[10] He also stated that he wanted to try and improve communication across the governing political parties for the purposes of increasing stability.[10] In addition, Ramos-Horta stated his intention on working with the government to address supply chain issues from the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and Russian invasion of Ukraine.[14]
Conduct
editAndrew Jacobs, the representative of the European Union in East Timor, said an EU delegation from Brussels would be involved in the process of observation for the 2022 election.[15]
The representative of the United States embassy in Dili, Charge d’Affaires Tom Daley, said the U.S. would send observers to oversee the election process. He added that the United States "has supported Timor-Leste in developing democracy since Timor-Leste's independence" and that the U.S. had plans to send observers to ensure the transparency of the election and the freedom of voters to be able "to choose the candidates for the president without intimidation from any party".[16]
Candidates
edit
| Name | Party | Primary | Declaration | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | Isabel da Costa Ferreira | Independent | – | [17] | |
| 2. | Hermes da Rosa Correia Barros | Independent | – | [17] | |
| 3. | Ángela Freitas | Independent | – | [17] | |
| 4. | Rogerio Lobato | Independent | – | [17] | |
| 5. | Anacleto Bento Ferreira | PDRT | – | [17] | |
| 6. | Francisco Guterres | Fretilin | – | January 2022 | [1][17] |
| 7. | Milena Pires | Independent | – | [17] | |
| 8. | Lere Anan Timur | Independent | – | [17] | |
| 9. | Armanda Berta dos Santos | KHUNTO | – | [17] | |
| 10. | Antero Benedito Silva | Independent | – | [17] | |
| 11. | Constâncio da Conceção Pinto | Independent | – | [17] | |
| 12. | Virgílio da Silva Guterres | Independent | – | [17] | |
| 13. | Martinho Germano da Silva Gusmão | PUDD | – | January 2022 | [1][17] |
| 14. | José Ramos-Horta | CNRT | – | January 2022 | [1][17] |
| 15. | Felizberto Araújo Duarte | Independent | – | [17] | |
| 16. | Mariano Sabino Lopes | PD | – | [17] | |
Results
editThe second round of the elections was held on 19 April between José Ramos-Horta, a former president, and the incumbent Francisco Guterres. In the runoff Ramos-Horta prevailed with 62% of the vote.[18]
| Candidate | Party | First round | Second round | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | Votes | % | |||
| José Ramos-Horta | National Congress for Timorese Reconstruction | 303,477 | 46.56 | 398,028 | 62.10 | |
| Francisco Guterres | Fretilin | 144,282 | 22.13 | 242,939 | 37.90 | |
| Armanda Berta dos Santos | Kmanek Haburas Unidade Nasional Timor Oan | 56,690 | 8.70 | |||
| Lere Anan Timur | Independent | 49,314 | 7.57 | |||
| Mariano Sabino Lopes | Democratic Party | 47,334 | 7.26 | |||
| Anacleto Bento Ferreira | Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste Party | 13,205 | 2.03 | |||
| Martinho Germano da Silva Gusmão | United Party for Development and Democracy | 8,598 | 1.32 | |||
| Hermes da Rosa Correia Barros | Independent | 8,030 | 1.23 | |||
| Milena Pires | Independent | 5,430 | 0.83 | |||
| Isabel da Costa Ferreira | Independent | 4,219 | 0.65 | |||
| Felizberto Araújo Duarte | Independent | 2,709 | 0.42 | |||
| Constâncio da Conceção Pinto | Independent | 2,520 | 0.39 | |||
| Rogerio Lobato | Independent | 2,058 | 0.32 | |||
| Virgílio da Silva Guterres | Independent | 1,720 | 0.26 | |||
| Antero Benedito Silva | Independent | 1,562 | 0.24 | |||
| Ángela Freitas | Independent | 711 | 0.11 | |||
| Total | 651,859 | 100.00 | 640,967 | 100.00 | ||
| Valid votes | 651,859 | 98.16 | 640,967 | 99.16 | ||
| Invalid/blank votes | 12,247 | 1.84 | 5,422 | 0.84 | ||
| Total votes | 664,106 | 100.00 | 646,389 | 100.00 | ||
| Registered voters/turnout | 859,613 | 77.26 | 859,925 | 75.17 | ||
| Source: National Election Commission[19][20] | ||||||
Aftermath
editNobel laureate and former president José Ramos-Horta won in a landslide victory over incumbent president Francisco Guterres in the second round. Speaking to supporters in a rally, Ramos-Horta proclaimed: "I have received this mandate from our people, from the nation in an overwhelming demonstration of our people's commitment to democracy."[21] He added he had not spoken to Guterres personally after the win but had received an invitation from Guterres' office to discuss a handover of power following the election.[14][21]
United States Department of State congratulated Ramos-Horta on his election as Timor-Leste’s next president and looked forward to strengthen the partnership between the United States and Timor-Leste. In a statement, they praised the election, stating; "We commend Timorese authorities, including the Technical Secretariat for Electoral Administration and the National Elections Commission, for administering a free, fair, and transparent election and the hundreds of thousands of Timorese voters who cast their ballots peacefully. Timor-Leste’s election serves as an inspiration for democracy in Southeast Asia, the Indo-Pacific region, and the world. This achievement represents another milestone in Timor-Leste’s tremendous work to build and strengthen its robust, vibrant democracy over its nearly 20-year history as an independent nation."[22] Ramos-Horta's victory was also congratulated by the President of Portugal Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa giving "the warmest congratulations on the election as president of the Republic of Timor-Leste".[8]
References
edit- ^ a b c d "East Timor Nobel laureate Ramos-Horta to run for president again". France 24. 23 January 2022. Archived from the original on 30 January 2022. Retrieved 23 January 2022.
- ^ Barrett, Chris (19 December 2021). "'Thousands pleading with me to run': Jose Ramos-Horta eyes return as East Timor president". The Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on 13 January 2022. Retrieved 11 January 2022.
- ^ a b "Ramos-Horta, Guterres early frontrunners in East Timor election". Reuters. 20 March 2022. Archived from the original on 21 March 2022. Retrieved 21 March 2022.
- ^ "Timor-Leste presidential election: José Ramos-Horta wins in landslide". The Guardian. 20 April 2022. Archived from the original on 21 April 2022. Retrieved 20 April 2022.
- ^ "East Timor president out of poll race".
- ^ "Constitution of the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste", Section 75.3: "The President of the Republic's term of office may be renewed only once."
- ^ Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste Archived 20 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine IFES
- ^ a b c d e "Timor-Leste presidential election: José Ramos-Horta wins in landslide". the Guardian. Agence France-Presse. 20 April 2022. Archived from the original on 21 April 2022. Retrieved 21 April 2022.
- ^ a b Chen, Li-Li (23 March 2022). "Observations From the First Round of Timor-Leste's Presidential Election". The Diplomat. Archived from the original on 13 April 2022. Retrieved 21 April 2022.
- ^ a b c "Ramos-Horta declares victory in East Timor presidential election". Al Jazeera. 21 April 2022. Archived from the original on 21 April 2022. Retrieved 21 April 2022.
- ^ a b c Novak, Parker (18 April 2022). "The not-so-hidden contest behind Timor-Leste's presidential election". Lowy Institute. Archived from the original on 17 April 2022. Retrieved 21 April 2022.
- ^ "Timor-Leste Set for Presidential Runoff Election Next Month". The Diplomat. Associated Press. 28 March 2022. Archived from the original on 4 April 2022. Retrieved 21 April 2022.
- ^ a b "Ramos-Horta takes commanding lead in East Timor presidential vote". Al Jazeera. 20 April 2022. Archived from the original on 21 April 2022. Retrieved 21 April 2022.
- ^ a b "Ramos-Horta declares victory in East Timor presidential election". Reuters. 21 April 2022. Archived from the original on 21 April 2022. Retrieved 21 April 2022.
- ^ Sousa, Camilio de. "The EU's delegation will Observe TL Presidential election process in march, 2022". Archived from the original on 11 January 2022. Retrieved 11 January 2022.
- ^ Sousa, Camilio de. "The U.S. will send observers to assist the 2022 presidential election". Archived from the original on 11 January 2022. Retrieved 11 January 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Dile Payong, Stefanus (2 March 2022). "Kampanye Pilpres Timor Leste Dimulai Hari Ini, 16 Capres Siap Bertanding". belu.inews.id/ (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 4 March 2022. Retrieved 4 March 2022.
- ^ "Ramos-Horta wins Timor-Leste presidential election". The Star. 20 April 2022. p. 1. Archived from the original on 21 April 2022. Retrieved 20 April 2022.
- ^ "Apuramento Eleisaun Presidente Repúblika 2022 (1st round)". Archived from the original on 15 April 2022.
- ^ "Apuramento Eleisaun Presidente Repúblika 2022 (2nd round)". Archived from the original on 6 June 2022.
- ^ a b Lamb, Kate (21 April 2022). "Ramos-Horta wins East Timor election". The Murray Valley Standard. Archived from the original on 21 April 2022. Retrieved 21 April 2022.
- ^ "Timor-Leste Presidential Election". United States Department of State. Retrieved 22 April 2022.
Further reading
edit- Bhole, Aneeta (18 March 2022). "Meet the women in Timor-Leste's presidential election". SBS News. Retrieved 9 May 2022.
- Cardoso, Joao da Cruz (17 March 2022). "Timor-Leste's presidential election: Watching for generational change". The Interpreter. Lowy Institute. Retrieved 2 May 2022.
- ——————————— (27 April 2022). "Timor-Leste: The new president needs to tune in". The Interpreter. Lowy Institute. Retrieved 2 May 2022.
- Chen, Li-Li (11 March 2022). "Does Timor-Leste's Upcoming Election Herald a More Inclusive and Progressive Democracy?". The Diplomat. Archived from the original on 17 March 2022. Retrieved 17 March 2022.
- ————— (23 March 2022). "Observations From the First Round of Timor-Leste's Presidential Election". The Diplomat. Archived from the original on 23 March 2022. Retrieved 8 March 2023.
- Leach, Michael (24 January 2022). "Timor-Leste: comebacks and contests ahead of presidential elections". The Interpreter. Lowy Institute. Archived from the original on 23 March 2022. Retrieved 15 April 2022.
- ——————— (14 March 2022). "Timor's presidential poll". Asialink. University of Melbourne. Archived from the original on 15 March 2022. Retrieved 17 March 2022.
- ——————— (13 April 2022). "Old rivalries and party splits: The presidential runoff in Timor-Leste". Asialink. University of Melbourne. Archived from the original on 13 April 2022. Retrieved 13 April 2022.
- ——————— (21 April 2022). "The Return of Ramos-Horta". Asialink. University of Melbourne. Archived from the original on 21 April 2022. Retrieved 21 April 2022.
- Mok; Niner, Sara; Palmer, Lisa (4 March 2022). "More inclusive analysis needed of presidential elections in Timor-Leste". Election Watch. University of Melbourne. Archived from the original on 14 March 2022. Retrieved 17 March 2022.
- Novak, Parker (23 March 2022). "Key questions as Timor‑Leste's presidential contest goes to a run-off". The Interpreter. Lowy Institute. Archived from the original on 15 April 2022. Retrieved 15 April 2022.
- Rose, Michael (9 May 2022). "Timor-Leste politics: the old guard, the new president and the casuarina tree (ai kakeu)". Devpolicy Blog from the Development Policy Centre. Retrieved 9 May 2022.
- Tomae, Marcelino (4 June 2023). "The secret factor behind the victory of the CNRT party in the two elections in Timor-Leste". The Oekusi Post. Retrieved 6 August 2023.