Anna Porphyrogenita[a] (Greek: Άννα Πορφυρογέννητη) (13 March 963 – 1011)[1] was the grand princess consort of Kiev during her marriage to Vladimir the Great.[2]
| Anna Porphyrogenita | |
|---|---|
| Grand Princess consort of Kiev | |
| Tenure | 989 – c. 1011 |
| Born | 13 March 963 Constantinople, Purple chamber of Palace, Byzantine Empire |
| Died | c. 1011 (aged approx. 48) Kiev |
| Spouse | Vladimir I of Kiev |
| Issue | Yaroslav I of Kiev St. Boris St. Gleb Theophana |
| House | Macedon |
| Father | Romanos II |
| Mother | Theophano |
Life
editAnna was the daughter of Byzantine emperor Romanos II and the Empress Theophano. She was also the sister of Emperors Basil II and Constantine VIII. Anna was a Porphyrogenita, a legitimate daughter born in the special purple chamber of the Byzantine Emperor's Palace. Anna's hand was considered such a prize that some theorize that Vladimir became Christian just to marry her.[3]
Anna did not wish to marry Vladimir and expressed deep distress on her way to her wedding. Vladimir was impressed by Byzantine religious practices; this factor, along with his marriage to Anna, led to his decision to convert to Eastern Christianity. Due to these two factors, he also began Christianizing his realm. By marriage to Grand Prince Vladimir, Anna became the grand princess of Kiev, but in practice, she was referred to as queen or tsarina, probably as a sign of her membership of the imperial Byzantine dynasty. Anna participated actively in the Christianization of Rus': she acted as the religious adviser of Vladimir and founded a few convents and churches herself. It is not known whether she was the biological mother of any of Vladimir's children, although some scholars have pointed to evidence that she and Vladimir may have had as many as three children together, possibly Gleb-David, Boris-Romanos, and Theophana.[4] Polish medievalist, Andrzej Poppe proposes that the last two were named after Anna's parents.[4] Furthermore, French historian, Jean-Pierre Arrignon argues that Yaroslav the Wise was indeed Anna's son, as this would explain his interference in Byzantine affairs in 1043.[5] William Humphreys also favors a reconstruction making Yaroslav the son, rather than the step-son, of Anna, by invoking onomastic arguments. It is curious that Yaroslav named his elder son Vladimir (after his own father) and one of his daughters Anna (as if after his own mother). There is a certain pattern in his sons having Slavic names, and his daughters having Greek names only.[6] This view is corroborated by the study of Yaroslav's remains carried out in 1939–1940, as well as his age given in the Primary Chronicle, which would place him amongst Vladimir's youngest children (with 988–990 as his estimated date of birth).[7] In fact, Yaroslav's maternity by Rogneda of Polotsk has been questioned since Mykola Kostomarov in the 19th century.[8][9][10]
Notes
edit- ^ Medieval Greek: Ἄννα Πορφυρογεννήτη, romanized: Anna Porphyrogennētē; Russian: Анна Византийская; Ukrainian: Анна Порфірогенета
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Lilie, Ralph-Johannes; Ludwig, Claudia; Zielke, Beate; Pratsch, Thomas, eds. (2013). "Anna (#20436)". Prosopographie der mittelbyzantinischen Zeit (in German). De Gruyter.
- ^ Reuter, Timothy; McKitterick, Rosamond (1995). The New Cambridge Medieval History: c. 900-c. 1024. Cambridge University Press. p. 597. ISBN 9780521364478.
- ^ Skylitzes, John; Wortley, John (2010). A Synopsis of Byzantine History, 811-1057. Cambridge University Press. p. 319 (footnote). ISBN 9780521767057.
- ^ a b Shepherd, Jonathan (2003). "Marriages Towards the Millennium". In Magdalino, Paul (ed.). Byzantium in the Year 1000. BRILL. pp. 25–26. ISBN 9789004120976. Retrieved January 27, 2013.
- ^ Arrignon, Jean Pierre (1983). Les relations diplomatiques entre Bizance et la Russie de 860 à 1043. Revue des études slaves 55. pp. 133-135.
- ^ William Humphreys, "Agatha, mother of St. Margaret: the Slavic versus the Salian solutions - a critical overview", Foundations, 1(1):31-43; Joseph Edwards, "Editorial", Foundations, 1(2):74; William Humphreys, "Agatha ‘the Greek’ – Exploring the Slavic solution", Foundations, 1(4):275-288.
- ^ Валерий Борисович Перхавко (2006). Воители Руси: IX-XIII [Warriors of Russia IX-XIII centuries]. - M .: Veche, 2006. p. 64. - ISBN 5-9533-1256-3.
- ^ Kuzmin A. G (1977). Initial stages of the Old Russian annals. - M .: Press of Moscow State University. pp. 275-276. Archived March 4, 2016 at the Wayback Machine.
- ^ Kostomarov, Mykola (1991). Russian history in the biographies of its main figures. - M. .-- S. 8.
- ^ Kuzmin A. G. (1996). Yaroslav the Wise // Great statesmen of Russia. - M..-- S. 26. [full citation needed]