In heraldry, an armiger is a (natural or juridical) person entitled to use a heraldic achievement (e.g., bear arms, an "armour-bearer") either by hereditary right, grant, matriculation, or assumption of arms. Such a person is said to be armigerous; a family or a clan likewise.
Etymology
editThe Latin word armiger literally means "arms-bearer". In high and late medieval England, the word referred to an esquire attendant upon a knight, but bearing his own unique armorial device.[1]
Armiger was also used as a Latin cognomen, and is now found as a rare surname in English-speaking countries.[citation needed]
Modern period
editToday, the term armiger is well-defined only within jurisdictions, such as Canada, the Republic of Ireland, Kenya, South Africa, Malta, Spain, and the United Kingdom, where heraldry is regulated by the state or a heraldic body, such as the College of Arms, the Chief Herald of Canada, the Court of the Lord Lyon or the Office of the Chief Herald of Ireland. A person can be so entitled either by proven (and typically agnatic) descent from a person with a right to bear a heraldic achievement, or by virtue of a grant of arms to himself. Merely sharing the same family name of an armiger is insufficient.[citation needed]
The usage of a heraldic achievement is usually governed by legal restrictions; these restrictions are independent of the copyright status and independent of a coat of arms depiction. A coat of arms represents its owner. Though it can be freely represented, it cannot be appropriated, or used in such a way as to create a confusion with or a prejudice to its owner.[citation needed]
In the Netherlands, titles of nobility are regulated by law but heraldry is not. In Sweden and Finland the nobility has had, since 1762, the prerogative to use an open helmet, while others use a closed helmet.[citation needed]
In the Spanish nobility, armígero was a low specific rank to which a certain group of untitled nobles were entitled. In modern heraldry, the term blasonado is also used.[2]
Further reading
edit- Coss, Peter R. (1995). "Knights, esquires and the origins of social gradation in England". Transactions of the Royal Historical Society. Sixth Series. Cambridge University Press. pp. 155–78. ISBN 9780521552004.
See also
edit- Heraldic Achievement – Full display of coat of arms
- Armigerous clan
- Heraldry – Heraldic achievements' design and transmission
- Law of heraldic arms – Law governing the possession, use or display of coats of arms or armorial bearings
- Women in heraldry
References
edit- ^ Uden, Grant (1968). Dictionary of Chivalry. Harmondsworth: Kestrel Books. ISBN 0-7226-5372-7.
- ^ "ELENCO DE GRANDEZAS Y TITULOS NOBILIARIOS ESPAÑOLES 2017. Page 303" (PDF). Retrieved 9 January 2024.
External links
edit
The dictionary definition of armiger at Wiktionary
