Blaenavon (Welsh: Blaenafon) is a town and community in Torfaen county borough, Wales, high on a hillside on the source of the Afon Lwyd. It is within the boundaries of the historic county of Monmouthshire and the preserved county of Gwent. The population is 6,055.
Blaenavon
| |
|---|---|
 Blaenavon War Memorial and Workmen's Hall | |
  Blaenavon Location within Torfaen | |
| Area | 17.83 km2 (6.88 sq mi) [1] |
| Population | 6,055 (2011)[2] |
| • Density | 340/km2 (880/sq mi) |
| GSS code | W04000760 |
| OS grid reference | SO 255 095 |
| Community |
|
| Principal area | |
| Preserved county | |
| Country | Wales |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | PONTYPOOL |
| Postcode district | NP4 |
| Dialling code | 01495 |
| Police | Gwent |
| Fire | South Wales |
| Ambulance | Welsh |
| UK Parliament | |
| Senedd Cymru – Welsh Parliament | |
Parts of the town and surrounding country form the Blaenavon Industrial Landscape, selected as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 2000.
History
edit
Blaenavon literally means "head of the river" or loosely "river's source" in the Welsh language. Blaenavon grew around an ironworks opened in 1788 by the West Midlands industrialist Thomas Hill and his partners, Thomas Hopkins and Benjamin Pratt. The businessmen invested £40,000 into the ironworks project and erected three blast furnaces. Hopkins, as a result of operating the Cannock Wood Forge, Staffordshire, was in contact with skilled and experienced ironworkers, and managed to persuade many of them to migrate to Blaenavon to help establish the new ironworks. In 1836 Robert William Kennard formed the Blaenavon Coal and Iron Company, which subsequently bought the Blaenavon Ironworks.
Blaenavon House, a mansion constructed in 1798 by Thomas Hopkins, was repurposed as a hospital in 1924, supported by the subscriptions of local iron and coal workers. In the 1940s the hospital site was given by the then owners of the site, the National Coal Board, to the UK Ministry of Health; it was run as a cottage hospital until 1985. When the hospital closed the building was sold by the local authority and refurbished as a nursing home for the elderly. In 1995 the building was listed as a Grade 2 listed building. Following the closure of the nursing home in 2007, the building was left empty. It was badly vandalised and stripped of its lead work, slate roof and original interiors, and was placed on the Buildings At Risk register. In 2016 a fire caused severe damage to the ballroom wing and adjoining extension. The House was sold in 2017 to private owners and is currently undergoing restoration as a family home once again.
The Municipal Offices in Lion Street were the home of Blaenavon Urban District Council until local government reorganisation in 1974.[3]
Governance
editBlaenavon is a community represented by Blaenavon Town Council and is an electoral ward of Torfaen County Borough Council. Blaenavon is twinned with Coutras in France.[4]
Geography
editThe town lies near the source of the Afon Lwyd river, north of Cwmbran.
Demography
editThe population of Blaenavon has declined gradually at each ten-year census since the closure of the ironworks in 1900. It had fallen to 8,451 by 1961 and fell more rapidly after closure of the coal mine in 1980. Part of this decline was not emigration but a decrease in birth rate.[5]
Economy
editThe Blaenavon Coal and Iron Company developed the Big Pit coalworks with adjoining steel works particularly for rail manufacture.[6] The steel-making and coal mining industries followed, boosting the town's population to over 20,000 at one time before 1890.[7] Since 1988, part of this site has been the Big Pit National Coal Museum.[8]
Culture and community
editGovernment, publishers and mainly Welsh writers sought in 2003 to attract more visitors by introducing Blaenavon as Wales' second "book town" (the first being Hay-on-Wye on the English border). However, the project did not succeed.[9] This can be attributed to a combination of the town's remote location and the established competition from Hay. Many thriving community groups serve and improve the town, including Future Blaenavon, which has helped to create a community garden at the bottom of the town.
Landmarks
editParts of the town and surrounding country form the Blaenavon Industrial Landscape, selected as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 2000. Attractions in the town include the Big Pit National Coal Museum (an Anchor Point of the European Route of Industrial Heritage), Blaenavon Ironworks,[10] the Pontypool and Blaenavon Railway and Blaenavon World Heritage Centre. The town has a male voice choir, a town band, and many historical walks through the local mountains.
Transport
editA railway viaduct was constructed in 1790; the structure disappeared and was unearthed in a 2001 episode of the archaeology television programme Time Team.[11] The Pontypool and Blaenavon Railway is a scenic attraction rich in geological and historical interest. Blaenavon lost both of its passenger railway stations — Blaenavon High Level station closed in 1941, and the last train from Blaenavon (Low Level) (to Newport via Pontypool Crane Street) ran in April 1962. The lower line had already been closed for more than a year before the Beeching Axe took place. The lower line's passenger service was among many in Gwent (Monmouthshire) which Ministry of Transport de-classified papers reveal were axed because of rail congestion in the Newport area following the newly opened Llanwern steelworks.[citation needed]
Education
edit- Blaenavon Heritage VC Primary School & Nursery
- Busy Bees Nursery
Following Samuel Hopkins' death in 1815, his sister Sarah Hopkins of Rugeley, who had inherited much money from her late brother, erected Blaenavon Endowed School in his memory. Which has since been permanently closed. [citation needed]
Religious sites
editSt Peter's Church was constructed in 1804, gifted to the parish by Thomas Hill and Samuel Hopkins.[citation needed]
Sport
edit- Forgeside RFC
- Forgeside AFC
- Blaenavon RFC
- Blaenavon Blues AFC
- Blaenavon Bowls Club
Blaenavon Golf Club (now defunct) was founded in 1906. The club closed in 1937.[12]
Notable people
editNotable people born in Blaenavon include the Broadway and film actor E. E. Clive, award-winning mystery writer Dorothy Simpson, and international rugby union players Mark Taylor, Ken Jones (also an Olympic athlete), John Perkins, Chris Huish and Terry Cobner.
Nick Thomas-Symonds, elected MP for Torfaen in 2015, was brought up in the town.
See also
edit
References
edit- ^ "2011 Census:Quick Statistics:Population Density for Blaenavon". Office for National Statistics. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 29 November 2013.
- ^ "2011 Census:Key Statistics:Key Figures for Blaenavon". Office for National Statistics. Archived from the original on 2 December 2013. Retrieved 25 November 2013.
- ^ Cadw. "Council Offices (Municipal Offices) (15278)". National Historic Assets of Wales. Retrieved 16 June 2022.
- ^ "Town Twinning". Torfaen County Borough Council. Retrieved 20 September 2016.
- ^ "Blaenavon". Vision of Britain.
- ^ "Geograph:: Blaenavon Ironworks Site © Cedwyn Davies". www.geograph.org.uk.
- ^ "Geograph:: Workman's Hall, Blaenavon © Carol Rose". www.geograph.org.uk.
- ^ McCrum, Kirstie (7 September 2013). "Going Underground; Big Pit: National Coal Museum Is Celebrating Its 30th Anniversary as a Tourist Attraction and Museum". Western Mail. Archived from the original on 8 August 2016. Retrieved 14 June 2016.
- ^ the Book Guide: Blaenafon - The Booktown Experiment Fails, 17 March 2006 Archived 23 October 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Accessed 2 November 2012
- ^ Blaenavon Ironworks
- ^ Morpeth, Mel (4 February 2001), Blaenavon, South Wales, Time Team, retrieved 31 December 2022
- ^ "Blaenavon Golf Club", "Golf’s Missing Links".
External links
edit
- Old photos of Blaenavon[permanent dead link]
- Welsh Coal Mines - all the pits, all the histories
- Blaenavon Town Council
- Time Team - The Lost Viaduct
- Aerial photograph of Blaenavon in 1999[permanent dead link]
- Blaenavon Local History Society website Archived 25 August 2014 at the Wayback Machine
- Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.