Constitution, Environment, Labour (Italian: Costituzione, Ambiente, Lavoro, CAL), whose full name was United for the Constitution – C.A.L. (Constitution, Environment, Labour) – Alternative – PC – Italy Again – Project SMART – IdV (Italian: Uniti per la Costituzione – C.A.L. (Costituzione, Ambiente, Lavoro) – Alternativa – PC – Ancora Italia – Progetto SMART – IdV), was a heterogeneous populist, Eurosceptic, and mainly left-wing parliamentary group active in the Senate of the Republic.
Constitution, Environment, Labour Costituzione, Ambiente, Lavoro | |
|---|---|
| Leader | Mattia Crucioli[a] |
| Founded | 27 April 2022 |
| Ideology | Populism Euroscepticism Communism (minority) |
| Political position | Left-wing (majority) |
All of its members were elected for the Five Star Movement (M5S) in the 2018 Italian general election.
History
editThe groups's forebear was C.A.L. (Constitution, Environment, Labour)–IdV, which was briefly active in January 2022.[1]
In April 2022, the group was eventually relaunched with the participation of senators from Alternative, the Communist Party, and Italy of Values, plus some non-party independents.[1] Mattia Crucioli was elected as the group's president.[2] Since its establishment, CAL opposed Mario Draghi's government and any intervention in the Russo-Ukrainian War.[3]
In the 2022 local elections, Crucioli ran for mayor in Genoa, where he was supported by other parties composing CAL, as well as other populist and Eurosceptic parties including Gianluigi Paragone's Italexit,[4] and obtained 3.7% of the vote. The alliance was named United for the Constitution, which was later incorporated in the group's official name. In June 2022, group member Bianca Laura Granato joined Italy Again,[5][6] a populist and Eurosceptic party founded by Diego Fusaro.[7]
In the run-up of the 2022 general election, Alternative briefly joined forces with Italexit[8] (the alliance was dissolved by Alternative due to allegations about the presence of neofascist candidates within Italexit's lists),[9] while the Communist Party and Italy Again launched Sovereign and Popular Italy.[10]
Composition
edit| Party | Main ideology | Senators | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alternative[b] | Euroscepticism | 3 | |
| Communist Party[c] | Communism | 1 | |
| Italy of Values[d] | Populism | 1 | |
| Italy Again[e] | Populism | 1 | |
| Non-party independents[f] | 7 | ||
| Total | 13 | ||
- ^ Group leader in the Senate
- ^ Senators Rosa Silvana Abate, Luisa Angrisani and Mattia Crucioli.[11]
- ^ Senator Emanuele Dessì.
- ^ Senator Elio Lannutti.
- ^ Senator Bianca Laura Granato.
- ^ Senators Margherita Corrado, Silvana Giannuzzi, Virginia La Mura, Barbara Lezzi, Cataldo Mininno, Vito Rosario Petrocelli, Rosellina Sbrana.
Source: Senate of the Republic
Leadership
edit- President: Mattia Crucioli (2022–present)
- Vice President: Bianca Laura Granato (2022–present)
References
edit- ^ a b "Senato.it - Senato della Repubblica senato.it - Variazioni dei Gruppi parlamentari".
- ^ "A volte ritornano: In Senato ecco il gruppo C.A.L. Con Partito Comunista e Idv". 3 May 2022.
- ^ "Nuovo gruppo Cal-Pc-Idv al Senato, insieme contro Governo e guerra". 3 May 2022.
- ^ "Comunali 2022, Paragone a Genova per sostenere Mattia Crucioli - Genova 24". 29 March 2022.
- ^ "La senatrice calabrese Granato aderisce ad Ancora Italia: «Recuperare la sovranità democratica»". 8 June 2022.
- ^ "Senato: Granato aderisce a 'Ancora Italia'".
- ^ "La senatrice Granato aderisce a 'Ancora Italia' di Fusaro". 13 June 2022.
- ^ "Paragone imbarca anche Stefano Puzzer alle elezioni: Correrà con Italexit". 31 July 2022.
- ^ Si spacca il fronte No Green pass, Alternativa di Cabras si allontana da ItalExit: «Ci sono candidati che fanno parte di gruppi di ispirazione neofascista», Open
- ^ "Elezioni politiche 2022, c'è una galassia a sinistra del Pd: Ecco tutte le formazioni in corsa e le possibili alleanze". 28 July 2022.
- ^ "Squadra". Archived from the original on 2022-09-26. Retrieved 2022-05-05.