Diaphragmatic paradox or paradoxical diaphragm phenomenon is an abnormal medical sign observed during respiration, in which the diaphragm moves opposite to the normal directions of its movements. The diaphragm normally moves downwards during inspiration and upwards during expiration. But in diaphragmatic paradox, it moves upwards during inspiration and downwards during expiration.[1][2]
| Diaphragmatic paradox | |
|---|---|
| Differential diagnosis | hydropneumothorax |
Causes and associated conditions
editDiaphragmatic paradox may be caused by weakening of inspiratory muscles due to injury, pyopneumothorax (collection of pus and excess air inside pleural cavity) or hydropneumothorax (collection of watery fluid and excess air inside pleural cavity). Also caused due to phrenic nerve injury caused during cardiac surgery, radiation, trauma, etc. Viral infections like Herpes zoster and poliomyelitis can also cause this. In newborns this condition is seen in spinal muscular atrophy.[1][3]
See also
edit- Flail chest (or Paradoxical breathing).
References
edit- ^ a b "paradoxical diaphragm phenomenon, thefreedictionary.com". The American Heritage® Medical Dictionary. 2007. Retrieved September 7, 2013.
- ^ "Medical Information and facts about Respiratory examination". Mens-health-matters.or. Archived from the original on 2008-11-04. Retrieved 2008-11-04.
- ^ Hill, Nicholas S. (2000). Long-term Mechanical Ventilation. Informa Health Care. p. 73. ISBN 0-8247-0413-4.
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