Discrimination of excellence[1] is the violation of formal equality of opportunity[2] and meritocracy,[3] which reward merits of individuals and overachievement.[1] Discrimination of excellence due to violation of formal equality of opportunity can be caused by different reasons, including legacy preferences,[4] nepotism, substantive equality,[2] affirmative action[5] or random luck.[6]
Gifted education
editGifted education has been criticized on substantive equality grounds.[7]
College admissions
editLegacy preferences for college admissions have been criticized.[4] Discrimination against excellent students during admissions to Ivy League has been debated during 2019 college admissions bribery scandal. The United States Department of Justice scrutinized higher education over potential systemic biases in college admission standards that would underweight transparent standardized testing criteria due to affirmative action.[8] Harvard College has been sued in Students for Fair Admissions v. President and Fellows of Harvard College due to individuals outperforming on standardized college admission tests but not being admitted. Non-merit-based admissions practices, degree conferral or promotion standards have been criticized.[9]
Severe discrimination of excellence
editAcademics, teacher and students were intentionally targeted during Cambodian genocide.[5] Khmer Rouge chose new teachers by ideology, affirmative action, and not by teaching excellence, which resulted in high illiteracy.[5]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b Puaschunder, Julia (August 2019). "Discrimination of Excellence: A Research Agenda" (PDF). Proceedings of the 14th International Research Association for Interdisciplinary Studies (RAIS) Conference at the Erdman Center of Princeton University. 14 (1): 54–58. doi:10.2139/ssrn.3459603. S2CID 219357207.
- ^ a b De Vos, Marc (2020). "The European Court of Justice and the march towards substantive equality in European Union anti-discrimination law". International Journal of Discrimination and the Law. 20: 62–87. doi:10.1177/1358229120927947.
- ^ Chang, C.H. (2017). "How meritocracy is defined today?: Contemporary aspects of meritocracy". Recent Issues in Sociological Research. 10 (1): 112–121. doi:10.14254/2071-789X.2017/10-1/8.
- ^ a b Hurwitz, Michael (2011). "The impact of legacy status on undergraduate admissions at elite colleges and universities". Economics of Education Review. 30 (3): 480–492. doi:10.1016/j.econedurev.2010.12.002.
- ^ a b c Clayton, Thomas (1998). "Building the New Cambodia: Educational Destruction and Construction under the Khmer Rouge, 1975-1979". History of Education Quarterly. 38 (1): 1. doi:10.2307/369662.
- ^ Sauder, Michael (2020). "A Sociology of Luck". Sociological Theory. 38 (3): 193–216. doi:10.1177/0735275120941178. ISSN 0735-2751.
- ^ Yoon, So Yoon; Gentry, Marcia (2009). "Racial and Ethnic Representation in Gifted Programs". Gifted Child Quarterly. 53 (2). SAGE Publications: 121–136. doi:10.1177/0016986208330564. ISSN 0016-9862. S2CID 143657431.
- ^ Hartocollis, Anemona (August 13, 2020). "Justice Dept. Accuses Yale of Discrimination in Application Process". New York Times.
- ^ Bazerman, M. H.; Tenbrunsel, A. E. (2011). Blind Spots: Why we fail to do what's right and what to do about it. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.