Dugu Xin (Chinese: 獨孤信; 503 – 24 April 557),[2][3] Xianbei name Qimitou (期彌頭), known as Dugu Ruyuan (獨孤如願) before 540,[2] was a general and official during the chaotic Northern and Southern dynasties period of imperial China. In 534, Dugu Xin followed Emperor Xiaowu of Northern Wei to the west to join the warlord Yuwen Tai, and in the ensuing years led Western Wei forces against their nemesis, the Eastern Wei. Despite an early debacle (after which he fled to and stayed for 3 years in the southern Liang dynasty before returning to the northwest), he captured the former Northern Wei capital Luoyang from Eastern Wei in 537. He rose to high ranks under Yuwen Tai, and his eldest daughter married Yuwen Tai's son Yuwen Yu. When the Northern Zhou dynasty replaced Western Wei, Dugu Xin was created Duke of Wei (衛國公), but was soon forced to commit suicide by the powerful regent Yuwen Hu.
Dugu Xin | |
|---|---|
 Epitaph of Dugu Xin | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 503 Luoyang, Northern Wei |
| Died | April 24, 557 (aged 53–54)[1] Chang'an, Northern Zhou |
| Cause of death | Forced suicide |
| Spouses |
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| Children |
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| Parents |
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He is best remembered today due to his three daughters: it is because of their marriages that he was a father-in-law to two emperors from two Chinese dynasties (Emperor Ming of Northern Zhou and Emperor Wen of Sui), and maternal grandfather to two emperors from two dynasties (Emperor Yang of Sui and Emperor Gaozu of Tang), all after his death. In fact, every Chinese emperor for 3 centuries (from 604 to 907, with the exception of Wu Zetian and self-proclaimed rebels) was descended from him. During the Sui dynasty, Dugu Xin was honored as Duke Jing of Zhao (趙景公) by Emperor Wen (who married his seventh daughter Dugu Qieluo). In 583, the empress built a temple dedicated to his memory in the capital Daxing, the remains of which were discovered in 1997 on the campus of Xi'an Jiaotong University.[4][5]
Family
editParents
- Father: Dugu Kuzhe, Duke of Sikong (司空公 獨孤庫者)
- Mother: Lady of Changle County, of the Feilian clan (長樂郡君 費連氏)
Consort(s) and their respective issue:
- Lady of Guangyang County, of the Luo clan (廣陽郡君 羅氏)
- Dugu Luo, Duke Gong of Shu (蜀恭公 獨孤羅; 534–599), first son
- Lady Guo, of the Guo clan of Taiyuan (太原郭氏)
- Dugu Shan, Duke Jun of Henei (河内郡公 獨孤善; 530–570), second son
- Dugu Mu, Duke Xian of Jinquan (金泉縣公 獨孤穆), third son
- Empress Mingjing (明敬皇后; 536–558), first daughter
- Married Yuwen Yu, Emperor Ming of Northern Zhou (北周明帝 宇文毓; 534 – 30 May 560), and had issue (one son)
- Dugu Cang, Duke Xian of Wuping (武平縣公 獨孤藏; 544 – 20 September 578), fourth son
- Dugu Shun, Duke of Wucheng (武成公 獨孤順), fifth son
- Dugu Tuo, Duke Xian of Wuxi (武喜縣公 獨孤陀), sixth son
- Dugu Zheng, Marquis of Pingxiang (平鄉侯 獨孤整), eighth son
- Lady Cui, of the Cui clan of Qinghe (清河崔氏)
- Empress Wenxian (文獻皇后; 544 – 10 September 602), personal name Qieluo (伽羅), seventh daughter
- Married Yang Jian, Emperor Wen of Sui (隋文帝 楊堅; 21 July 541 – 13 August 604), and had issue (five sons and five daughters)
- Empress Wenxian (文獻皇后; 544 – 10 September 602), personal name Qieluo (伽羅), seventh daughter
- Unknown
- Dugu Zong (獨孤宗), seventh son
- Lady Dugu (獨孤氏), second daughter
- Lady Dugu (獨孤氏), third daughter
- Empress Yuanzhen (元貞皇后), fourth daughter
- Married Li Bing, Duke of Tang (唐國公 李昞; ? – 572), and had issue (four sons and one daughter)
- Lady Dugu (獨孤氏), fifth daughter
- Lady Dugu (獨孤氏), sixth daughter
Notes and references
edit- ^ Volume 167 of Zizhi Tongjian recorded that Dugu died on the jiyou day of the 3rd month of the 1st year of the Yongding era of Northern Zhou's Emperor Wu's reign. This date corresponds to 24 Apr 557 on the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ a b Bei Shi, ch. 61.
- ^ Zizhi Tongjian, ch. 167.
- ^ Tang Liang Jing Cheng Fang Kao, ch. 3.
- ^ "【校史故事365】81 交大校址上出土的唐代文物". Xi'an Jiaotong University (in Chinese).
- Li Dashi; Li Yanshou (659). Bei Shi (北史) [History of the Northern Dynasties] (in Chinese).
- Sima Guang (1086). Zizhi Tongjian (資治通鑑) [Comprehensive Mirror for Aid in Government] (in Chinese).
- Xu Song (1848). Tang Liang Jing Cheng Fang Kao (唐兩京城坊考) [A Survey of the Two Tang Dynasty Capitals] (in Chinese).