Gaddi (also called Gaddki, Gaddiyali or Bharmauri; Takri: 𑚌𑚛𑚯, 𑚌𑚛𑚊𑚯, 𑚌𑚛𑚮𑚣𑚭𑚥𑚯, 𑚡𑚤𑚢𑚵𑚪𑚯) is an Indo-Aryan language of India. It is spoken by the Gaddi people primarily residing in the Bharmour region of Chamba district and the upper reaches of Kangra district in Himachal Pradesh. It is also spoken in neighbouring parts of Jammu, with Gaddi villages found in Udhampur, Kathua and Doda districts.[2]
| Gaddi | |
|---|---|
| 𑚌𑚛𑚯, गदी Gaddi 𑚌𑚛𑚊𑚯, गदकी Gaddki 𑚌𑚛𑚮𑚣𑚭𑚥𑚯, गदियाली Gaddiyali 𑚡𑚤𑚢𑚵𑚪𑚯, भरमौड़ी Bharmauri | |
 The word "Gaddi" written in Takri script | |
| Native to | Himachal Pradesh |
| Region | Bharmaur |
| Ethnicity | Gaddis |
Native speakers | 181,000 (2011)[1] |
| Takri, Devanagari | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | gbk |
| Glottolog | gadd1242 |
| ELP | Gaddi |
The language has traditionally been written using the Takri script.[3]
Dialects
editThere are four dialects of the language:[4]
- The first one is spoken in the entire Bharmaur, Chhatrari and Bhatyat Tehsils of Chamba and Gaddi speaking regions of Kangra district.
- The second one is spoken in consists of Piyuhar, Belaj, Guun, Bakani, the upper part of Mehla and Kaded, etc.
- The third one is spoken in the region of Basu and other adjoining area.
- The fourth one is spoken in Lilh and Paho.
Status
editThe language is commonly called Pahari or Himachali. Some speakers may even call it a dialect of Dogri. The language has no official status. According to the United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO), the language is definitely endangered category, i.e. many Gaddi chilanother adjoining areag Gaddi as their mother tongue any longer.[5]
The demand for the inclusion of 'Pahari (Himachali)' under the Eight Schedule of the Constitution, which is supposed to represent multiple Pahari languages of Himachal Pradesh, had been made in the year 2010 by the state's Vidhan Sabha.[6] There has been no positive progress on this matter since then even when small organisations are striving to save the language.[7]
References
edit- ^ Gaddi at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)
- ^ Kaul, Pritam Krishen (2006). Pahāṛi and Other Tribal Dialects of Jammu. Vol. 1. Delhi: Eastern Book Linkers. p. 137. ISBN 8178541017.
- ^ "Takri for Gaddi" (PDF).
- ^ PLSI The languages of Himachal Pradesh. Orient Blackswan. p. 104.
- ^ "Endangered languages".
- ^ "Pahari Inclusion". Zee News.
- ^ "Pahari Inclusion". The Statesman.
External links
edit- Gaddi grammar sketches Archived 2023-01-29 at the Wayback Machine