Haq Nawaz Jhangvi (Punjabi/Urdu: حق نواز جھنگوی, romanized: Ḥaq Nawāz Jhangvī; 1952 – 23 February 1990) was a Pakistani cleric who founded the Sipah-e-Sahaba Pakistan, a Sunni Deobandi group known for its anti-Shia thoughts, on 6 September 1986.[1]
Haq Nawaz Jhangvi | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Chief Sipah-e-Sahaba Pakistan | |
| In office 6 September 1986 – 22 February 1990 | |
| Preceded by | None (office created) |
| Succeeded by | Isar ul-Haq Qasmi |
| Personal | |
| Born | 1952 |
| Died | 22 February 1990 (aged 37–38) |
| Cause of death | Assassination |
| Religion | Islam |
| Children | Masroor Nawaz Jhangvi |
| Denomination | Sunni |
| School | Hanafi |
| Known for | Sipah-e-Sahaba Pakistan |
| Organization | |
| Founder of | Sipah-e-Sahaba Pakistan |
Early life and education
editHaq Nawaz Jhangvi was born in 1952 in Chela, a village in the Jhang District of West Punjab, into a small land-holding Punjabi family of the Jat-Sipra clan to Wali Muhammad, having memorized the Qur'an by heart in two years before, studying Qur'anic recitation and Arabic grammar and then pursuing higher Islamic studies at the Darul Ulum Kabirwala, where he spent five years, and Khair ul Madariss Multan, where he spent seven years, mainly focusing on hadith, becoming an imam (prayer leader) at a Toba Tek Singh mosque and later a khatib at a Jhang mosque, in 1973.[2]
Career
editJhangvi joined the Jamiat Ulama-e-Islam during the 1970s, and before he began focusing his preaching against Shias, he was active in the Khatm-i Nabuwwat movement against Ahmadis.[3]
After the 1979 Iranian Revolution, Jhangvi began attacking Iran by accusing it of exporting its revolution. He directed his attacks against Shia beliefs and civilians, as well as against Ayatollah Khomeini, Iran's Supreme Leader. Locally, he targeted the Shah Jewna family and the district administration and became extremely popular among local residents.[3]
Jhangvi also began preaching and became popular among Sunni Muslims, who were willing to support him in his cause. He became vocal against local Shias.[3] Jhangvi founded Anjuman-i Sipah-i Sahabah in Jhang on 6 September 1985.[3][4]
Death and legacy
editOn 23 February 1990, Jhangvi was assassinated by suspected Shia militants.
SSP members Riaz Basra and Akram Lahori formed their own organization in 1996, Lashkar-e-Jhangvi, named after Jhangvi, a group known as one of the most lethal sectarian groups in Pakistan.[5]
Masood Azhar, a radical Islamic scholar and one of the most wanted men by India for his activities, has been described as "an old devotee of Maulana Haq Nawaz Jhangvi."[6]
His son Masroor Nawaz Jhangvi is also a politician and want to continue his father's legacy, but describes himself as less sectarian when it comes to the Shias.[7]
Bibliography
editBooks by him
edit- K̲h̲ut̤bāt-i amīr-i ʻazīmat : bānī-i Sipāh-i Ṣaḥābah Maulānā Ḥaq Navāz Jhangvī kī maʻrikatulārāʼ taqārīr kā majmūʻah. Collections of speeches in many volumes collected by S̲anāʼullāh Sʻad Shujāʻābādī.
Books about him
edit- Maz̲hab ahl al-Sunnat va-al-Jamāʻat aur Maulānā Ḥaq Navāz Jhangvī kī shahādat by Qāẓī Maz̤har Ḥusain, 32 p. On his death.
- Amīr-i ʻAzīmat : ḥayāt by Muḥammad Ilyās Bālākoṭī, 319 p. Biography.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Pakistan's sectarian terrorist groups". BBC News. 13 January 2002. Retrieved 11 December 2012.
- ^ Tahir Kamran, "The Genesis, Evolution and Impact of "Deobandi" Islam on the Punjab: An Overview" in Faith-Based Violence and Deobandi Militancy in Pakistan, Springer, 2016, p. 89
- ^ a b c d Abou-Zahab, Mariam (2004). "The Sunni-Shia Conflict in Jhang (Pakistan)". In Ahmad, Imtiaz; Reifeld, Helmut (eds.). Lived Islam in South Asia: Adaptation, Accommodation & Conflict. Jor Bagh, New Delhi: Social Science Press. ISBN 8187358157.
- ^ Murphy, Eamon (2013). The Making of Terrorism in Pakistan: Historical and Social Roots of Extremism. Routledge. pp. 129, 131. ISBN 9780415565264.
- ^ Asif Farooqi (11 January 2013), "Profile: Lashkar-e-Jhangvi", BBC News. Retrieved 21 April 2020.
- ^ Sushant Sareen, The Jihad Factory: Pakistan's Islamic Revolution in the Making, Har-Anand Publications, 2005, p. 171
- ^ Reuters (21 December 2016), "Masroor Nawaz Jhangvi confesses sectarianism in his past", The Express Tribune. Retrieved 21 April 2020.