The president of the French Republic was elected on an indirect basis during the Third Republic and Fourth Republic, as well as at the start of the Fifth Republic.
During the Third Republic and Fourth Republic, the officeholder was elected by a combined vote of the Chamber of Deputies (National Assembly in Fourth Republic) and the Senate (Council in Fourth Republic). At the start of the Fifth Republic in 1958, the first presidential election was held using an electoral college consisting of members of the French Parliament, general councils, as well as overseas assemblies, mayors, deputy mayors and city council members. Since then, the presidency has been directly elected with two round system.
Third Republic
edit1873 election
editThe 1873 election took place on 24 May following the resignation of incumbent President Adolphe Thiers. At the time of the vote, the Legitimists and Orleanists monarchists held a large majority in Parliament over the Republicans and Bonapartists as a result of the 1871 legislative elections.
| Candidate | Party | Round 1 | Percentage | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patrice de Mac-Mahon | Legitimists | 390[1] | 99.74% | |
| Jules Grévy | Republican | 1[1] | 0.16% | |
1879 election
edit| Candidate | Party | Round 1 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jules Grévy | Republican | 84.03% | |
| Antoine Chanzy | Military | 14.78% | |
| Léon Gambetta | Republican | 0.70% | |
| Paul de Ladmirault | Military | 0.14% | |
| Henri d'Orléans, Duke of Aumale | Orleanist | 0.14% | |
| Gaston Alexandre Auguste, Marquis de Galliffet | Military | 0.14% | |
1885 election
edit| Candidate | Party | Round 1 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jules Grévy | Moderate Republican | 79.34% | |
| Henri Brisson | Radical | 11.81% | |
| Charles de Freycinet | Moderate Republican | 2.43% | |
| Others | 6.42% | ||
1887 election
edit| Candidate | Party | Round 1 | Round 2 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marie François Sadi Carnot | Union of the Lefts | 35.69% | 74.49% | |
| Jules Ferry | Democratic Union | 24.97% | withdrew | |
| Félix Gustave Saussier | Military | 17.43% | 22.73% | |
| Others | 22.39% | 1.02% | ||
1894 election
edit| Candidate | Party | Round 1 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jean Casimir-Perier | Moderate Republican | 53.00% | |
| Henri Brisson | Radical | 22.91% | |
| Charles Dupuy | Moderate Republican | 11.40% | |
| Victor Février | Military | 6.23% | |
| Emmanuel Arago | Republican | 3.17% | |
| Others | 2.59% | ||
1895 election
edit| Candidate | Party | Round 1 | Round 2 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Félix Faure | Moderate Republican | 31.00% | 53.75% | |
| Henri Brisson | Radical | 42.95% | 45.13% | |
| Pierre Waldeck-Rousseau | Moderate Republican | 23.38% | - | |
| Others | 2.67% | 1.13% | ||
1899 election
edit| Candidate | Party | Round 1 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Émile Loubet | Democratic Republican Alliance | 58.62% | |
| Jules Méline | Republican Federation | 33.86% | |
| Jacques Marie Eugène Godefroy Cavaignac | Nationalist Party | 2.79% | |
| Others | 3.28% | ||
1906 election
edit| Candidate | Party | Round 1 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Armand Fallières | Democratic Republican Alliance | 52.89% | |
| Paul Doumer | Radical Party | 43.70% | |
| Others | 3.30% | ||
1913 election
edit| Candidate | Party | Round 1 | Round 2 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Raymond Poincaré | Republican Democratic Party | 49.48% | 56.23% | |
| Jules Pams | Radical Party | 37.72% | 34.46% | |
| Édouard Vaillant | Socialist (SFIO) | 7.27% | 8.03% | |
| Others | 5.54% | 1.28% | ||
January 1920 election
edit| Candidate | Party | Preliminary Vote | Round 1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Paul Deschanel | Republican Democratic Party | 49.63% | 82.66% | |
| Georges Clemenceau | Independent Radicals | 47.32% | 5.97% | |
| Charles Jonnart | Republican Democratic Party | 0.36% | 7.21% | |
| Others | 3.66% | 1.51% | ||
September 1920 election
edit| Candidate | Party | Round 1 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alexandre Millerand | Independent Centre-Right | 88.92% | |
| Gustave Delory | Socialist (SFIO) | 8.78% | |
| Others | 2.80% | ||
1924 election
edit| Candidate | Party | Round 1 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gaston Doumergue | Radical Party | 59.88% | |
| Paul Painlevé | Republican-Socialist Party | 35.93% | |
| Zéphyrin Camélinat | Communist Party | 2.44% | |
| Others | 0.87% | ||
1931 election
edit| Candidate | Party | Round 1 | Round 2 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Paul Doumer | Independent | 49.06% | 56.44% | |
| Pierre Marraud | Left | - | 37.40% | |
| Paul Painlevé | Republican-Socialist Party | - | 1.46% | |
| Aristide Briand | Socialist (SFIO) | 44.51% | 1.34% | |
| Marcel Cachin | Communist | 1.11% | 1.23% | |
| Jean Hennessy | Republican Federation | 1.66% | - | |
| Others | 3.22% | 1.01% | ||
1932 election
edit| Candidate | Party | Round 1 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Albert Lebrun | Democratic Alliance | 81.47% | |
| Paul Faure | Socialist (SFIO) | 14.67% | |
| Paul Painlevé | Republican-Socialist Party | 1.54% | |
| Marcel Cachin | Communist | 1.03% | |
| Others | 1.29% | ||
1939 election
edit| Candidate | Party | Round 1 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Albert Lebrun | Democratic Alliance | 55.60% | |
| Albert Bedouce | Socialist (SFIO) | 16.59% | |
| Marcel Cachin | Communist | 8.13% | |
| Édouard Herriot | Radical Party | 5.82% | |
| Justin Godart | Democratic Left | 5.49% | |
| Fernand Bouisson | Republican-Socialist Party | 1.76% | |
| François Piétri | Republican Federation | 1.76% | |
| Others | 4.84% | ||
Fourth Republic
edit1947 election
edit| Candidate | Party | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vincent Auriol | SFIO | 452 | 51.19% | |
| Auguste Champetier de Ribes | MRP | 242 | 27.41% | |
| Jules Gasser | RAD | 122 | 13.82% | |
| Michel Clemenceau | PRL | 60 | 6.80% | |
1953 election
editThe elections in December 1953 required thirteen rounds of voting before a candidate reached a majority of the vote. The election was eventually won by René Coty of the National Centre of Independents and Peasants (CNIP), who had only entered in the eleventh round.
| Candidate | Party | First | Second | Third | Fourth | Fifth | Sixth | Seventh | Eighth | Ninth | Tenth | Eleventh | Twelfth | Thirteenth | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | |||
| René Coty | CNIP | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 71 | 8.07 | 431 | 48.87 | 477 | 54.76 | |
| Marcel-Edmond Naegelen | SFIO | 160 | 17.24 | 299 | 32.57 | 313 | 33.95 | 344 | 37.47 | 312 | 33.88 | 306 | 33.81 | 303 | 33.33 | 381 | 41.91 | 365 | 40.15 | 358 | 41.29 | 372 | 42.27 | 333 | 37.76 | 329 | 37.77 | |
| Louis Jacquinot | CNIP | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 14 | 1.54 | – | – | – | – | 338 | 38.4 | 26 | 2.95 | 21 | 2.41 | |
| Joseph Laniel | CNIP | 155 | 16.70 | 276 | 30.07 | 358 | 38.83 | 408 | 44.44 | 374 | 40.61 | 397 | 43.87 | 407 | 44.47 | 430 | 47.30 | 413 | 45.43 | 392 | 45.21 | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Pierre Montel | CNIP | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 103 | 11.33 | 84 | 9.69 | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Antoine Pinay | CNIP | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 25 | 2.75 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Jean Medecin | RAD | 54 | 5.52 | – | – | – | – | 45 | 4.90 | 197 | 22.31 | 171 | 18.90 | 156 | 17.16 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Yvon Delbos | RAD | 129 | 13.90 | 180 | 19.60 | 225 | 24.40 | 42 | 4.58 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| André Cornu | RAD | – | – | – | – | – | – | 35 | 3.81 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Georges Bidault | MRP | 131 | 14.12 | 143 | 15.58 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Paul-Jacques Kalb | RPF | 114 | 12.28 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Marcel Cachin | PCF | 113 | 12.18 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Jacques Fourcade | CNIP | 62 | 6.68 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Others | 10 | 1.08 | 20 | 2.18 | 26 | 2.82 | 44 | 4.79 | 38 | 4.13 | 31 | 3.43 | 43 | 4.73 | 53 | 5.83 | 28 | 3.08 | 33 | 3.81 | 99 | 11.25 | 92 | 10.43 | 44 | 5.05 | ||
| Total | 928 | 918 | 922 | 918 | 921 | 905 | 909 | 878 | 934 | 867 | 880 | 882 | 871 | |||||||||||||||
Fifth Republic
edit1958 election
editThe 1958 election was the first of the French Fifth Republic and took place on 21 December. It was the only French presidential election by the electoral college (gathering the members of the French Parliament, the Conseils Généraux, the overseas assemblies, and tens of thousands of mayors, deputy mayors and city council members). To win, a candidate was required to receive 50% of the vote. This system was used only for this election, and was changed in the 1962 referendum in time for the 1965 presidential election.
| Candidates | Parties | 1st round | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | |||
| Charles de Gaulle | UNR | 62,394 | 78.51% | |
| Georges Marrane | PCF | 10,355 | 13.03% | |
| Albert Châtelet | DVG | 6,721 | 8.46% | |
| Total | 79,470 | 100% | ||
| Valid votes | 79,470 | 97.76% | ||
| Spoilt and null votes | 1,820 | 2.24% | ||
| Turnout | 81,290 | 99.42% | ||
| Abstentions | 474 | 0.58% | ||
| Registered voters | 81,764 | |||
| Official results by Constitutional Council of France.
Source: List of candidates · First round result | ||||
References
edit- ^ a b "Assemblée Nationale – Séance de nuit". La Presse (in French). 26 May 1873. p. 2. Retrieved 13 May 2016.
- ^ "1887, Troisième République, France, Élection président de la République, MJP". Digithèque de matériaux juridiques et politiques (in French). Retrieved 15 May 2022.
- ^ "Journal officiel de la République française. Lois et décrets". Journal officiel de la République française (in French). Paris. 4 December 1887. p. 5350.