M6 (cipher)

This article is about the block cipher. For other uses, see M6 (disambiguation).

In cryptography, M6 is a block cipher proposed by Hitachi in 1997 for use in the IEEE 1394 FireWire standard. The design allows some freedom in choosing a few of the cipher's operations, so M6 is considered a family of ciphers. Due to export controls, M6 has not been fully published; nevertheless, a partial description of the algorithm based on a draft standard is given by Kelsey, et al. in their cryptanalysis of this family of ciphers.

M6

General
Designers	Hitachi
First published	1997
Successors	M8
Cipher detail
Key sizes	40–64 bits
Block sizes	64 bits
Structure	Feistel network
Rounds	10
Best public cryptanalysis
Mod n cryptanalysis: 1 known plaintext allows recovering the key with about 235 trial encryptions; "a few dozen" known plaintexts reduces this to about 231

The algorithm operates on blocks of 64 bits using a 10-round Feistel network structure. The key size is 40 bits by default, but can be up to 64 bits. The key schedule is very simple, producing two 32-bit subkeys: the high 32 bits of the key, and the sum mod 2³² of this and the low 32 bits.

Because its round function is based on rotation and addition, M6 was one of the first ciphers attacked by mod n cryptanalysis. Mod 5, about 100 known plaintexts suffice to distinguish the output from a pseudorandom permutation. Mod 257, information about the secret key itself is revealed. One known plaintext reduces the complexity of a brute force attack to about 2³⁵ trial encryptions; "a few dozen" known plaintexts lowers this number to about 2³¹. Due to its simple key schedule, M6 is also vulnerable to a slide attack, which requires more known plaintext but less computation.