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The Mulde event was an anoxic event,[4] and marked the second of three1 relatively minor mass extinctions (the Ireviken, Mulde, and Lau events) during the Silurian period. It coincided with a global drop in sea level, and is closely followed by an excursion[clarification needed] in geochemical isotopes. Its onset is synchronous with the deposition of the Fröjel Formation in Gotland.[4] Perceived extinction in the conodont fauna, however, likely represent a change in the depositional environment of sedimentary sequences rather than a genuine biological extinction.[5]
Higher resolution δ13C isotope analysis identifies differences in the organic and carbonate carbon isotope curves (Δ13C), allowing the inference of a sustained drop in CO2 levels coincident with the extinction once sedimentological data are taken into account.[6]
Notes
edit^1 The Ireviken, Mulde, and Lau events were all closely followed by isotopic excursions.
References
edit- ^ Jeppsson, L.; Calner, M. (2007). "The Silurian Mulde Event and a scenario for secundo—secundo events". Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 93 (02): 135–154. doi:10.1017/S0263593300000377.
- ^ Munnecke, A.; Samtleben, C.; Bickert, T. (2003). "The Ireviken Event in the lower Silurian of Gotland, Sweden-relation to similar Palaeozoic and Proterozoic events". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 195 (1): 99–124. doi:10.1016/S0031-0182(03)00304-3.
- ^ "International Chronostratigraphic Chart" (PDF). International Commission on Stratigraphy. September 2023. Retrieved November 10, 2024.
- ^ a b Samtleben, C.; Munnecke, A.; Bickert, T. (2000). "Development of facies and C/O-isotopes in transects through the Ludlow of Gotland: Evidence for global and local influences on a shallow-marine environment". Facies. 43 (1): 1–38. Bibcode:2000Faci...43....1S. doi:10.1007/BF02536983. S2CID 130640332.
- ^ Jarochowska, Emilia; Ray, David C; Röstel, Philipp; Worton, Graham; Munnecke, Axel (2017). "Harnessing stratigraphic bias at the section scale: Conodont diversity in the Homerian (Silurian) of the Midland Platform, England". Palaeontology. 61: 57–76. doi:10.1111/pala.12326. S2CID 135200300.
- ^ Biebesheimer, Ellie J.; Cramer, Bradley D.; Calner, Mikael; Barnett, Bruce A.; Oborny, Stephan C.; Bancroft, Alyssa M. (2021). "Asynchronous δ13Ccarb and δ13Corg records during the onset of the Mulde (Silurian) positive carbon isotope excursion from the Altajme core, Gotland, Sweden". Chemical Geology. 576: 120256. Bibcode:2021ChGeo.57620256B. doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2021.120256. ISSN 0009-2541. S2CID 234817512.