Wikipedia

Oryza nivara

Oryza nivara is a possible wild progenitor of the cultivated rice Oryza sativa.[2][3][4][5][6] It was separated from Oryza rufipogon in 1965; however, the separation has been questioned,[7] and some sources treat it as a synonym of O. rufipogon.[8] It may be treated as the annual form of O. rufipogon.[2]

Oryza nivara
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Clade: Commelinids
Order: Poales
Family: Poaceae
Genus: Oryza
Species:
O. nivara
Binomial name
Oryza nivara

For those who accept it as a separate species, it is an annual, short to intermediate height (usually <2 metres (6 ft 7 in)) grass; panicles usually compact, rarely open; spikelets large, 6–10.4 millimetres (0.24–0.41 in) long and 1.9–3.4 millimetres (0.075–0.134 in) wide, with strong awn (4–10 centimetres (1.6–3.9 in) long); anthers 1.5–3 millimetres (0.059–0.118 in) long. It grows in shallow water up to 0.3 metres (1 ft 0 in), in seasonally dry and open habitats. It is found growing in swampy areas, at edge of pond and tanks, beside streams, in ditches, in or around rice fields.[5]

Distribution

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Its distribution includes Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Vietnam.[citation needed]

Genome

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The genome of O. nivara was first sequenced in 2015.[9]

Stein et al., 2018 sequenced the genomes of O. nivara and other domesticated and wild relatives.[10] They produced reference assemblies and analyses for divergence time and genetic distance.[10] (The O. nivara assembly is 338 Mb.) They demonstrated that this species and Oryza sativa subsp. indica are most closely related and that the same is true for Oryza sativa subsp. japonica and Oryza rufipogon.[10]

References

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  1. ^ Phillips, J.; Yang, L.; Vaughan, D. (2017). "Oryza nivara". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T112680564A113899490. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T112680564A113899490.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  2. ^ a b Choi, Jae Young; Platts, Adrian E.; Fuller, Dorian Q.; Hsing, Yue-Ie; Wing, Rod A.; Purugganan, Michael D. (2017-01-12). "The rice paradox: Multiple origins but single domestication in Asian rice". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 34 (4): 969–979. doi:10.1093/molbev/msx049. ISSN 0737-4038. PMC 5400379. PMID 28087768.
  3. ^ Haritha, Guttikonda; Malathi, Surapaneni; Divya, Balakrishnan; Swamy, B. P. M.; Mangrauthia, S. K.; Sarla, Neelamraju (2018), Mondal, Tapan K.; Henry, Robert J. (eds.), "Oryza nivara Sharma et Shastry", The Wild Oryza Genomes, Compendium of Plant Genomes, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 207–238, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-71997-9_20, ISBN 978-3-319-71997-9
  4. ^ Gressel, Jonathan (2020-03-03). Genetic Glass Ceilings: Transgenics for Crop Biodiversity. JHU Press. ISBN 978-1-4214-2913-7.
  5. ^ a b Rana, M. K. (2014-06-01). Vegetables and their Allied as Protective Food. Scientific Publishers. ISBN 978-93-86237-56-9.
  6. ^ Driem, George Van (2011-01-01). "Lost In The Sands Of Time Somewhere North Of The Bay Of Bengal". Himalayan Languages and Linguistics: 11–38. doi:10.1163/ej.9789004194489.i-322.10. ISBN 9789004216532.
  7. ^ "Oryza nivara S. D. Sharma & Shastry". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2024-07-14.
  8. ^ "Oryza nivara S.D.Sharma & Shastry". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2024-07-20.
  9. ^
    Brozynska, Marta; Furtado, Agnelo; Henry, Robert J. (2015). "Genomics of crop wild relatives: expanding the gene pool for crop improvement". Plant Biotechnology Journal. 14 (4). Association of Applied Biologists (aab) & Society for Experimental Biology (SEB): 1070–1085. doi:10.1111/pbi.12454. PMID 26311018. S2CID 3402991.
    This review cites this research.
    Zhang, QJ.; Zhu, T.; Xia, EH.; Shi, C.; Liu, YL.; Zhang, Y.; Liu, Y.; Jiang, WK.; Zhao, YJ.; Mao, Shu-Yan; Zhang, Li-Ping; Huang, Hui; Jiao, Jun-Ying; Xu, Ping-Zhen; Yao, Qiu-Yang; Zeng, Fan-Chun; Yang, Li-Li; Gao, Ju; Tao, Da-Yun; Wang, Yue-Ju; Bennetzen, Jeffrey L.; Gao, Li-Zhi (Nov 2014). "Rapid diversification of five Oryza AA genomes associated with rice adaptation". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 111 (46): E4954–E4962. Bibcode:2014PNAS..111E4954Z. doi:10.1073/pnas.1418307111. PMC 4246335. PMID 25368197.
  10. ^ a b c
    Bailey-Serres, Julia; Parker, Jane E.; Ainsworth, Elizabeth A.; Oldroyd, Giles E. D.; Schroeder, Julian I. (2019). "Genetic strategies for improving crop yields". Nature. 575 (7781): 109–118. Bibcode:2019Natur.575..109B. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1679-0. hdl:21.11116/0000-0005-3BD7-7. PMC 7024682. PMID 31695205. S2CID 207912531.
    Wing, Rod A.; Purugganan, Michael D.; Zhang, Qifa (2018). "The rice genome revolution: from an ancient grain to Green Super Rice". Nature Reviews Genetics. 19 (8): 505–517. doi:10.1038/s41576-018-0024-z. PMID 29872215. S2CID 216051436.
    These reviews cite this research.
    Stein, Joshua C.; Yu, Yeisoo; Copetti, Dario; Zwickl, Derrick J.; Zhang, Li; Zhang, Chengjun; Chougule, Kapeel; Gao, Dongying; Iwata, Aiko; Goicoechea, Jose Luis; Wei, Sharon; Wang, Jun; Liao, Yi; Wang, Muhua; Jacquemin, Julie; Becker, Claude; Kudrna, Dave; Zhang, Jianwei; Londono, Carlos E. M.; Song, Xiang; Lee, Seunghee; Sanchez, Paul; Zuccolo, Andrea; Ammiraju, Jetty S. S.; Talag, Jayson; Danowitz, Ann; Rivera, Luis F.; Gschwend, Andrea R.; Noutsos, Christos; Wu, Cheng-chieh; Kao, Shu-min; Zeng, Jhih-wun; Wei, Fu-jin; Zhao, Qiang; Feng, Qi; El Baidouri, Moaine; Carpentier, Marie-Christine; Lasserre, Eric; Cooke, Richard; Rosa Farias, Daniel da; da Maia, Luciano Carlos; dos Santos, Railson S.; Nyberg, Kevin G.; McNally, Kenneth L.; Mauleon, Ramil; Alexandrov, Nickolai; Schmutz, Jeremy; Flowers, Dave; Fan, Chuanzhu; Weigel, Detlef; Jena, Kshirod K.; Wicker, Thomas; Chen, Mingsheng; Han, Bin; Henry, Robert; Hsing, Yue-ie C.; Kurata, Nori; de Oliveira, Antonio Costa; Panaud, Olivier; Jackson, Scott A.; Machado, Carlos A.; Sanderson, Michael J.; Long, Manyuan; Ware, Doreen; Wing, Rod A. (2018). "Genomes of 13 domesticated and wild rice relatives highlight genetic conservation, turnover and innovation across the genus Oryza". Nature Genetics. 50 (2): 285–296. doi:10.1038/s41588-018-0040-0. PMID 29358651. S2CID 4969249.


 

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