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Prince Frederick William of Hesse-Kassel

This article is about the head of the House of Hesse-Kassel from 1875 to 1884. For his son, see Frederick William III, Landgrave of Hesse. For his predecessor, see Frederick William, Elector of Hesse.

Frederick William George Adolphus, Landgrave of Hesse (German: Friedrich Wilhelm Georg Adolf von Hessen-Kassel; 26 November 1820 – 14 October 1884) was the only son of Wilhelm I, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel-Rumpenheim and Princess Louise Charlotte of Denmark.[1]

Frederick William II
Landgrave of Hesse
Head of the House of Hesse-Kassel
Tenure6 January 1875 – 14 October 1884
PredecessorFrederick William I
SuccessorFrederick William III
Born(1820-11-26)26 November 1820
Died14 October 1884(1884-10-14) (aged 63)
Spouse
​
​
(m. 1844; died 1844)​
​
​
(m. 1853)​
IssuePrince Wilhelm
Frederick William III, Landgrave of Hesse
Elisabeth, Hereditary Princess of Anhalt
Alexander Frederick, Landgrave of Hesse
Frederick Charles, Landgrave of Hesse
Princess Marie-Polyxene
Sybille, Baroness Friedrich of Vincke
HouseHesse-Kassel (agnatic)
Oldenburg (cognatic)
FatherPrince William of Hesse-Kassel
MotherPrincess Louise Charlotte of Denmark

Early life and marriages

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Prince Frederick William's childhood home, Prince William Mansion, Copenhagen at Sankt Annæ Plads in Copenhagen.

Prince Frederick William of Hesse-Kassel was born in Copenhagen on 26 November 1820.[2] He moved to Denmark with his family at the age of three, and grew up there. He attended the university in Bonn, and then began a military career. In 1843 he was third in line for the Danish throne after the King's son and brother, Prince Ferdinand.[3] His siblings included Louise of Hesse-Kassel, future Queen of Denmark, Princess Marie Luise Charlotte of Hesse-Kassel and Princess Auguste Sophie Friederike of Hesse-Kassel.

 
Grand Duchess Alexandra Nikolaevna of Russia
 
Another image of Alexandra Nikolaevna

On 28 January 1844, Frederick married Grand Duchess Alexandra Nikolaevna of Russia at St Petersburg. Frederick had come to St Petersburg as a prospective bridegroom for her sister Olga, but fell in love with Alexandra instead on the first evening he spent with the family. Although Olga was the elder daughter and also found Frederick to be an engaging young man, she stepped aside in favour of her sister, and even chaperoned the couple when they wanted to spend time together. The emperor and empress then gave their permission for Alexandra and Frederick to be married.

Alexandra became acutely ill with tuberculosis shortly before her wedding, and this complicated the pregnancy which soon followed. She was never well enough to travel to Hesse and take up her new position with her husband. They stayed in St. Petersburg, where her health rapidly declined. She went into labor prematurely, three months before the child was due, and gave birth to a son, Wilhelm. The infant died shortly after he was born, and Alexandra died later the same day. Her parents were devastated and their grief would last until the end of their lives. She was buried at the Peter and Paul Fortress in St. Petersburg. The son was buried in Rumpenheim, now a borough of Offenbach am Main, Germany.[4]

In 1849 Frederick William joined HMS Cleopatra to train as a midshipman. The Cleopatra was reassigned to Singapore to take the place of HMS Maeander.[5] She arrived in Singapore from Devonport via Rio de Janeiro under Captain Massie on 14 September 1849 and left with HMS Reynard for Labuan and China on 10 October. The Singapore paper mistakenly described the Prince as the son of the Danish king but the king had no sons, he was an heir to the throne.[6][7]

 
Princess Anna of Prussia

On 26 May 1853, Frederick married Alexandra's first cousin, Princess Anna of Prussia (1836–1918), at Charlottenburg Palace in Berlin. Although they had six children together, Frederick and Anna were never emotionally close, and it is speculated that one reason was because Fritz was unable to overcome his grief for his first wife. The couple first lived in Denmark in Dehn Mansion, a mansion Prince Frederick had bought in 1844.

Children

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His first wife was Alexandra Nikolaevna of Russia (1825–1844), daughter of Emperor Nicholas I of Russia and Charlotte of Prussia.[1] Alexandra died in childbirth, delivering a son who was born three months prematurely, and who died on the day of his birth:

  • Prince Wilhelm (1844–1844)

His second wife was Princess Anna of Prussia (1836–1918), the youngest daughter of Prince Charles of Prussia and Princess Marie of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach.[1] They had six children:

Elector of Hesse

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He is important dynastically as a candidate for both the headship of the Hesse-Kassel dynasty (through his father) and for the Danish throne (through his mother). When Frederick William, deposed Elector of Hesse died in 1875, his sons were excluded from succession, because of his morganatic marriage. Therefore, Prince Frederick William succeeded the latter as titular Elector of Hesse.

Frederick William died on 14 October 1884 at Hamburg.[1]

Honours and awards

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Friedrich Wilhelm received the following awards:[9][10]

German decorations
Foreign decorations

Ancestry

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References

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Citations

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  1. ^ a b c d "Deaths of note". The Ipswich Journal. 21 October 1884. Retrieved 22 June 2015 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  2. ^ Thorsøe 1891, p. 339.
  3. ^ "Russia and Denmark". Waterford Chronicle. 2 December 1843. p. 8. Retrieved 22 June 2015 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  4. ^ "From the London Gazette - Friday 30 August". London Standard. 31 August 1844. p. 1. Retrieved 22 June 2015 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  5. ^ Reports & C, The Straits Times, 28 August 1849, Page 9
  6. ^ "Shipping News". The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Advertiser. Newspapers.nl.sg. 6 November 1849. p. 3. Retrieved 2012-11-15.
  7. ^ The Straits Times, 16 October 1849, Page 3
  8. ^ "Untitled". Western Daily Press. 18 February 1884. p. 3. Retrieved 22 June 2015 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  9. ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogs Hessen (1879), Genealogy p. 5
  10. ^ Bille-Hansen, A. C.; Holck, Harald, eds. (1883) [1st pub.:1801]. Statshaandbog for Kongeriget Danmark for Aaret 1883 [State Manual of the Kingdom of Denmark for the Year 1883] (PDF). Kongelig Dansk Hof- og Statskalender (in Danish). Copenhagen: J.H. Schultz A.-S. Universitetsbogtrykkeri. pp. 3–4. Retrieved 30 April 2020 – via da:DIS Danmark.
  11. ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogs Hessen (1879), "Großherzogliche Orden und Ehrenzeichen" p. 43
  12. ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogs Hessen (1879), "Großherzogliche Orden und Ehrenzeichen" pp. 10, 47, 130
  13. ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Herzogtum Anhalt (1867) "Herzoglicher Haus-orden Albrecht des Bären" p. 18
  14. ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Baden (1880), "Großherzogliche Orden" p. 59
  15. ^ Staatshandbücher für das Herzogtum Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha (1884), "Herzogliche Sachsen-Ernestinischer Hausorden" p. 32
  16. ^ Staats- und Adreß-Handbuch des Herzogthums Nassau (1866), "Herzogliche Orden" p. 8
  17. ^ Hof- und Staatshandbuch des Großherzogtums Oldenburg0: 1878. Schulze. 1878. p. 33.
  18. ^ "Schwarzer Adler-orden", Königlich Preussische Ordensliste (in German), vol. 1, Berlin, 1877, p. 10{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  19. ^ Staatshandbuch für das Großherzogtum Sachsen / Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach (1864), "Großherzogliche Hausorden" p. 12
  20. ^ Württemberg (Kingdom). Statistisches Landesamt (1877). Staatshandbuch für Württemberg. Druck von W. Kohlhammer. pp. 22.
  21. ^ "A Szent István Rend tagjai" Archived 22 December 2010 at the Wayback Machine
  22. ^ Sveriges Statskalender (in Swedish), 1881, p. 377, retrieved 2018-01-06 – via runeberg.org

Bibliography

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  Media related to Frederick William, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel at Wikimedia Commons

Titles in pretence
Preceded by — TITULAR —
Elector of Hesse
1875–1884 		Succeeded by
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