Raja Haji Fisabilillah (full name Raja Haji Fisabilillah ibni Daeng Chelak) (1727–18 June 1784) was a Bugis-Malay warrior, and also the 4th Yang Dipertuan Muda (Crown Prince) of the Johor Sultanate from 1777 to 1784.
Early life
editBorn in Ulusungai, Riau in 1727, he was a younger brother of Raja Lumu (who later became Sultan Salehuddin Shah of Selangor) and his grandchild, Raja Ali Haji would later become a renowned historian, poet, and scholar.
Life
editHe helped put together the recently-fragmented territory of Johor. Known as a great hero by the Tuhfat al-Nafis, from 1760 he coerced the rulers of Jambi and Indragiri and married their daughters, while forcing Sultan Mahmud II of Perak to allow the marriage of his daughter to Raja Haji's brother. He also became a kingmaker, installing his preferred person to be crowned sultan of Pontianak. He defeated the Siak Sultanate and was widely feared by the Dutch. Dutch Governor Thomas Schippers in 1773 secured a plan to prevent the strength of Raja Haji's pirate bands. Fearful of an invasion of Riau, (the Bugis fought the Dutch in Malacca to a standstill in 1757) they invaded it in 1784 but securing no victory, had to call off their siege after three long months. Once the Dutch returned to Malacca, they found out that the city was invaded by the combined Selangor and Bugis factions. The Dutch national fleet had to be called for backup which eventually led to Raja Haji's death and a major dispersal of Bugis around the Riau islands.[1]
The effect of the war infuriated his nephew, Raja Ibrahim, as it has caused Selangor to be involved indirectly in the war between the Dutch and Johor.[2]
Death and burial
edit
Raja Haji led a series of raids on A Famosa, a Dutch fortress in Malacca. On the verge of victory after surrounding the Dutch forces in one of her forts, he was, however, shot from a distance, killing him instantly. He died on 18 June 1784 at Teluk Ketapang, Melaka in modern-day Malaysia.[3]
According to famed Malay writer Munshi Abdullah, Raja Haji was rumoured to have been buried in a pig farm by the Dutch.[4] It was not until the English conquered Malacca that the royal family requested Raja Haji's body to be removed from the pig farm. He was subsequently given a proper Muslim burial at Penyengat Island, Riau Islands during the reign of his son Raja Ja'far, the 6th Yang Dipertuan Muda.[3]
Legacy
editHis bravery was remembered by Indonesians, as the Indonesian government has posthumously proclaim him as the "National Hero of Indonesia" on 11 August 1997,[3] and the Raja Haji Fisabilillah Airport in Tanjungpinang, Riau Islands, was renamed in honor of him in 2008.[5] In June 2024, the Governor of Riau Islands announced that a future Indonesian Navy warship would be named after him.[6] On 20 September 2024, a new Indonesian Navy warship, the patrol vessel KRI Raja Haji Fisabilillah, was named after him.
In Malaysia, there is a mosque in Cyberjaya in the state of Selangor, Raja Haji Fisabilillah Mosque was named after him.
References
edit- ^ Trocki, Carl A. (2007). Prince of Pirates: The Temenggongs and the Development of Johor and Singapore, 1784-1885. Singapore: NUS Press. pp. 36, 38. ISBN 978-9971-69-376-3.
- ^ "Belanda Kalah di Selangor". arkib.gov.my (in Malay). 23 April 2009. Archived from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 26 August 2024.
- ^ a b c "Momen Hari Pahlawan, Mengenang Raja Haji". kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id (in Indonesian). 10 November 2016. Retrieved 26 August 2024.
- ^ Hamdani, H. (2007). Hikayat Abdullah. PTS Pop. See page 47
- ^ "Bandara Tanjung Pinang Berubah Nama". kemenhub.go.id (in Indonesian). 2 April 2008. Retrieved 26 August 2024.
- ^ "Kapal Perang TNI AL Akan Dinamai Raja Haji Fisabilillah, Ini Alasannya". batam.suara.com (in Indonesian). 19 June 2024. Retrieved 26 August 2024.