Stella Mason (née Manuel; born c. 1901 – died April 30, 1918)[2][1] was a Muscogee/Creek Freedman, whose guardians and lawyers plundered her oil rich estate in Oklahoma. Her court case was published in newspapers and later was the subject of a publication.[3][4] The exploitation was part of a pattern of abuse against Freedmen among the Five Civilized Tribes. The plundering by lawyers and guardians continued after she died, through the estate of her 1-year-old son, Isaac Mason Jr. A grand jury was convened to investigate guardianship cases and recommended sanctions against various attorneys and a judge, including those involved in her case.[3]
Stella Mason | |
|---|---|
| Born | Stella Manuel c. 1901 |
| Died | April 30, 1918[1] |
| Resting place | Blackjack Cemetery, Muskogee, Oklahoma, U.S. |
| Nationality | Muscogee/Creek |
| Known for | lawsuit related to Five Civilized Tribes abuses |
| Spouse | Isaac Mason |
| Children | 1 |
History
editMason was orphaned in 1915. Her property was leased to Prairie Oil and Gas Company, a division of Standard Oil from 1900 to until 1911, when it was spun off after the Sherman Antitrust decision Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey v. United States.[5] C. Benjamin Jefferson, "colored", was appointed as her guardian.[6] She married Isaac Mason while still a minor at boarding school in Washington D.C. In 1916, she gave birth to their son.[1] She filed for divorce from her husband around May 1917, stating she felt he married her for the money.[7]
Mason came of age and became entitled to her inheritance on May 21, 1917. At this time, her estate was valued at about $130,000 USD.[citation needed] Family members visited her with attorney Coody Johnson. Attorney and community leader A. G. W. Sango went to Washington D.C. and returned to Muskogee with her and her husband to retrieve her estate from her guardian.[6][8] Lawyers Vilas K. Vernor and Ed K. Brooks arranged for her to sign a contract with them (after midnight) contracting them as her sole lawyer for $5,000 per year for five years paid in advance.[9] County judge, Enloe Vassallo Vernor (1879–1944) was involved in investigations of her lawyers. He was himself later prosecuted.[4]
Mason died on April 30, 1918, and she was buried at the Blackjack Cemetery (formally known as Taft Cemetery) in Muskogee, Oklahoma.[1]
Zitkala-Sa co-authored Oklahoma's Poor Rich Indians: An Orgy of Graft and Exploitation of the Five Civilized Tribes, Legalized Robbery (1923) about Stella's experiences and similar abuses.
References
edit- ^ a b c d "Fight For Estate As Grave Waits". Newspapers.com. Muskogee Daily Phoenix and Times-Democrat. 3 May 1918. p. 3. Retrieved 2021-11-09.
- ^ "Isaac S. Mason Jr. in the Oklahoma, U.S., Wills and Probate Records, 1801-2008, Case Number: 2990". ancestry.com. Muskogee County, District and Probate Courts, State of Oklahoma. 2 May 1918.
- ^ a b "Guardianship Probe Ends In Big Sensation". newspapers.com. Muskogee Times-Democrat. November 24, 1917. p. 1.
- ^ a b "Vernon Hearing Tame ; Charges Not Standing Up". Newspapers.com. Muskogee Times-Democrat, XXIV, No. 41. 16 February 1918. pp. 1, 10.
- ^ "Investment Trusts and Investment Companies: Report Pursuant to Section 30 of the Public Utility Holding Company Act of 1935". 1939.
- ^ a b Court, Oklahoma Supreme; Green, Edward Bell; Dale, Frank; Burford, John Henry; Williams, Robert Lee; Kane, Matthew John; Parker, Howard; Eaton, Charles Winfield Van; Morgan, Nell C. (May 4, 1921). "Oklahoma Reports: Cases Determined in the Supreme Court of the State of Oklahoma". Harlow publishing Company – via Google Books.
- ^ "Stella Is Fairly 'Well Heeled'". Newspapers.com. Muskogee Times-Democrat. 26 May 1917. p. 11.
- ^ Supreme Court, Oklahoma (May 4, 1921). "Oklahoma reports" – via Google Books.
- ^ "The Pacific Reporter". West Publishing Company. May 4, 1920 – via Google Books.