Stotzas (Greek: Στότζας), also Stutias, Theophanes writes him Tzotzas (Τζότζας),[1] was an East Roman (Byzantine) soldier and leader of a military rebellion in the Praetorian prefecture of Africa in the 530s. Stotzas attempted to establish Africa as a separate state and had been chosen by the rebelling soldiers as their leader. Nearly succeeding in taking Carthage, Stotzas was defeated at the Battle of the River Bagradas by Belisarius and fled into Numidia, where he regrouped. After another attempt at taking control of Africa, Stotzas was defeated by Germanus in 537 and fled with some of his followers into Mauretania.
| Stotzas | |
|---|---|
| Rebel leader in Mauretania | |
| Reign | 541–545 |
| Successor | John |
| Died | 545 Thacia |
In Mauretania, Stotzas would marry the daughter of a local noble and would allegedly be raised to King in 541 AD. He followed the Berber king Antalas in his rebellion against Eastern Roman rule in 544 AD. In the Battle of Thacia in autumn of 545 AD, Stotzas would be mortally wounded by the Eastern Roman general John, dying shortly thereafter.
Biography
editEastern Roman rebel
editStotzas served as a bodyguard of the general Martinus in the army under Belisarius that had conquered the Vandal kingdom in Africa in 533–534.[2] In 536, a military mutiny broke out in the Byzantine army in Africa against its leader, Solomon.[3] The rebels chose Stotzas to lead them, and aimed to expel the imperial loyalists and establish Africa as a separate state, ruled by themselves.[3] Stotzas marched against the capital, Carthage, with an army of 8,000 men, joined by at least a thousand surviving Vandals and several escaped slaves.[2][3] He besieged the city, which was on the point of surrendering when Belisarius suddenly arrived from Sicily. Stotzas lifted the siege and retreated to Membresa, where his army was defeated by Belisarius.[3] The rebels fled into Numidia, where Stotzas persuaded most of the Byzantine garrison to join him, after murdering their officers; according to the historian Procopius, at this point two thirds of the Byzantine army in Africa had gone over to the rebel camp.[2]
Belisarius had to return to Italy to prosecute the war against the Ostrogoths, but he was replaced by Emperor Justinian's able cousin Germanus in late 536. Germanus's policy to win over the disaffected troops with promises of pardon and the payment of their arrears was successful, and a large part of the rebels went over to him.[2] Hence, Stotzas resolved to force a decision, and marched against him in spring 537. The two armies met at Scalas Veteres, and Stotzas, abandoned by many of his allies, was defeated.[4][5]
Mauretania
editStotzas was able to flee with a handful of followers to Mauretania, where he was welcomed, given the daughter of a local prince in marriage, and allegedly raised to king in 541.[6][7] Kamel Mhamed Benameur In 544, however, he and the Moorish king Antalas rebelled against Byzantine rule. Stotzas and his men joined Antalas, but were attacked by the general John in autumn 545, despite being heavily outnumbered. In the ensuing Battle of Thacia, John was able to inflict a mortal wound on Stotzas, although he too fell soon after.[6][8]
References
editCitations
edit- ^ A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology, William Smith, Ed., Germanus
- ^ a b c d Martindale 1992, p. 1199.
- ^ a b c d Hughes, Ian (Historian) (2009). Belisarius : the last Roman general. Yardley, Pa.: Westholme. ISBN 9781594160851. OCLC 294885267.
- ^ Martindale 1992, pp. 1199–1200.
- ^ Martindale 1980, p. 506.
- ^ a b Martindale 1992, p. 1200.
- ^ Grierson 1959, p. 128.
- ^ Martindale 1992, p. 641.
Bibliography
edit- Grierson, Philip (1959). "Matasuntha or Mastinas: a reattribution". The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society. 19: 119–130. JSTOR 42662366.
- Martindale, John R., ed. (1980). The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire: Volume II, AD 395–527. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-20159-4.
- Martindale, John R., ed. (1992). The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire: Volume III, AD 527–641. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-20160-8.