Wikipedia

United States Coast Guard Academy

"USCGA" redirects here. Not to be confused with United States Coast Guard Auxiliary.

The United States Coast Guard Academy (USCGA), located in New London, Connecticut, is the U.S. service academy specifically for the United States Coast Guard. Founded in 1876, the academy provides education to future Coast Guard officers in one of nine major fields of study.

United States Coast Guard Academy
Former names
Revenue Cutter Service School of Instruction (1876-1914)
Revenue Cutter Academy (1914-1915)
MottoScientiæ Cedit Mare (Latin)
Motto in English
The sea yields to knowledge
TypeU.S. Service Academy
Established1876; 148 years ago (1876)
SuperintendentMichael J. Johnston
ProvostAmy K. Donahue
Commandant of CadetsEdward J. Hernaez
Academic staff
175
Students1,095 cadets (As of fall 2023)[citation needed]
Location
New London, Connecticut
,
United States

41°22′22″N 72°06′06″W / 41.37278°N 72.10167°W / 41.37278; -72.10167
CampusSuburban
103 acres (420,000 m2)[1]
Fight song"Semper Paratus"
ColorsBlue and orange    
NicknameBears
Sporting affiliations
MascotObjee the Bear
Athletics24 varsity teams
Websiteuscga.edu

Students are officers-in-training, and are referred to as cadets. Upon graduation, cadets receive a Bachelor of Science degree and commission in the U.S. Coast Guard as an ensign. In exchange for their debt-free education valued at over $250,000, graduates incur a five-year active-duty service obligation,[Notes 1] with additional years if the graduate attends flight school or subsequent government-funded graduate school. Out of approximately 300 cadets entering the academy each summer, around 250 graduate. Cadets choose from nine majors, with a curriculum that is graded according to their performance in a holistic program of academics, military bearing, physical fitness, character, and leadership.

Cadets are required to adhere to the academy's "Honor Concept," "Who lives here reveres honor, honors duty," which is emblazoned in the walls of the academy's entrance. The academy's motto is Scientiæ Cedit Mare, which is Latin for "the sea yields to knowledge". Its academic programs are accredited by the New England Commission of Higher Education.[2]

History

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Historic photograph of the USRC Dobbin
 
Aerial view, 1938

The roots of the academy lie in the School of Instruction of the Revenue Cutter Service, the school of the Revenue Cutter Service. The School of Instruction was established near New Bedford, Massachusetts in 1876 and used USRC James C. Dobbin for its exercises. Captain John Henriques served as superintendent from founding until 1883. The one civilian instructor was Professor Edwin Emery, who taught mathematics, astronomy, English composition, French, physics, theoretical steam engineering, history, international law, and revenue law, among other subjects.[3] The school was a two-year apprenticeship, in essence, supplemented by minimal classroom work. The student body averaged five to ten cadets per class. With changes to new training vessels, the school moved to Curtis Bay, Baltimore in 1900 and to Fort Trumbull in 1910, a Revolutionary War–era Army installation in New London, Connecticut. In 1914, the school became the Revenue Cutter Academy, and then the Coast Guard Academy in 1915 with the merger of the Revenue Cutter Service and the United States Life-Saving Service to form the U.S. Coast Guard.

Land was purchased in New London on 31 July 1930 for the construction of the Coast Guard Academy. The 40-acre site was made up of two parcels from the Allyn and Payne estates and was purchased for $100,000. The $100,000 was not raised through a bond issue, as originally planned, but with a bank loan based on uncollected back taxes.[4] The contract was awarded to Murch Brothers Construction Company of St. Louis and ground was broken in January 1931 by Jean Hamlet, daughter of Rear Admiral Harry G. Hamlet, Academy Superintendent from 1928 to 1932. On 15 May 1931, Treasury Secretary Andrew W. Mellon visited New London to lay the cornerstone of Hamilton Hall. Construction proceeded relatively on schedule and cadets moved in to the new buildings on 20 September 1932.[4]

In 1946, the academy received the barque Horst Wessel as a war reparation from Germany, a 295-foot tall ship which was renamed USCGC Eagle. It remains the main training vessel for cadets at the academy as well as for officer candidates at the Coast Guard's Officer Candidate School, which is located on the grounds of the academy.

The academy was racially integrated in 1962 at the request of President Kennedy.[5] The academy began admitting women in 1976 at the request of Congress.[6]

In 2018, the academy emblem was redesigned by Nick Desjardins of the Biddeford Regional Center of Technology.[7]

Admission

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Aerial view of Washington Parade field and campus

Unlike the other service academies, admission to the USCGA does not require a congressional nomination. This is due to the fervent objections of Captain John A. Henriques, the first Superintendent of the Revenue Cutter School of Instruction (later the Revenue Cutter Academy). His objection stemmed from years of poor political appointments in the U.S. Revenue Cutter Service's bureaucracy.

Each year more than 2,000 students apply and appointments are offered until the number accepting appointments to the incoming class numbers reaches approximately 400; the average entering class size is 300 cadets.[8] Those who have received appointments as cadets report to the USCGA in late June or early July for "Swab Summer", a basic military training program designed to prepare them for the rigors of their Fourth Class year. After four years of study and training, approximately 250 of those cadets will graduate. About 40 percent of cadets are women.

Academics

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An academy class graduating

All graduating cadets earn commissions as ensigns in the United States Coast Guard, as well as Bachelor of Science degrees. For that reason the academy maintains a core curriculum of science and professional development courses in addition to major-specific courses. Each cadet takes two semesters of classes during the school year and then spends the majority of the summer in military training to produce officers of character with the requisite professional skills. Among these are courses in leadership, ethics, organizational behavior, and nautical science. The majority of cadets report to their first units after graduating, which are either afloat units, shore units, or basic flight training as student naval aviators, with the training conducted under the auspices of the U.S. Navy. Those that are assigned afloat serve as either deck watch officers or student engineers. Professional maritime studies courses help prepare cadets in piloting, voyage planning, deck seamanship, and all aspects of ship-handling, as well as Coast Guard leadership and administrative duties.

Majors

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Academics at the USCGA stress the sciences and engineering, but different courses of study are available. In addition, several of the majors offer tracks of specialization (for example, marine and environmental science majors can choose to focus on biology, chemistry, or geophysics). Cadets sometimes opt to take elective courses with Connecticut College (adjacent the academy's campus) as part of an open exchange agreement.[9]

Military training

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The barque USCGC Eagle (WIX-327), the United States' only active duty tall ship. The ship is used by the USCGA as a sail training ship.

Each summer, cadets participate in training programs according to their class. The summers are organized as follows:[10]

  • Swab Summer: The new class of freshmen report in to the academy, and are sworn into the military. They undergo a seven-week basic training program that culminates on a week-long voyage underway on the barque USCGC Eagle.
  • Third-class (3/c) Summer: Five weeks aboard the USCGC Eagle training under sail, five weeks aboard an operational Coast Guard cutter or small boat station in the role of junior enlisted (i.e., standing watches as helmsman, lookout, quartermaster of the watch, or engineering watch).
  • Second-class (2/c) Summer: damage control training, weapon qualifications, navigation rules certification, aviation internship, sail training program, and three weeks as members of the cadre, who train the incoming swabs.
  • First-class (1/c) Summer: Ten weeks aboard an operational cutter in the role of a junior officer (i.e., standing bridge watches conning the ship as Officer of the Deck), or an optional internship for exceptional cadets who split their summer with five weeks at an internship and five weeks aboard a cutter.

Each week during the school year cadets participate in regimental review, a formal military drill. In addition, cadets perform a variety of military duties at the academy. Like all cadets and midshipmen at the United States service academies, Coast Guard cadets are on active duty in the military and wear uniforms at all times. Cadets receive a monthly stipend to pay for books, uniforms, and other necessities. Cadets receive monthly pay of $1,017.00, as of 2015.[11] From this amount, pay is automatically deducted for the cost of uniforms, books, supplies, services, and other miscellaneous expenses.

Organization of the Corps of Cadets

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The Corps is organized as one regiment divided into eight companies, each of which is composed of about 120 cadets of all classes. Although the Corps of Cadets is supervised directly by the Commandant of Cadets (a Coast Guard officer with the rank of captain), the academy operates on the concept of "the Corps leading the Corps."

The Corps of Cadets is largely a self-directed organization that follows a standard military chain of command:[12]

  • 1st class cadets lead the corps
  • 2nd class cadets are cadre in swab summer training and are primarily responsible for leading and developing 4th class cadets. They serve as mentors
  • 3rd class cadets are role models to 4th class cadets
  • 4th class cadets are responsible for learning and applying Coast Guard core values such as leadership, teamwork, attention to detail, accountability, etc.

The highest-ranking cadet in each company is the company commander, a first-class cadet ("firstie"), equivalent to a senior. Although each company has some leeway in their standards and practices, every company commander reports to the regimental staff which plans and oversees all aspects of cadet life. At the top of the cadet chain of command is the regimental commander, the highest ranking cadet. Command positions, both in companies and on regimental staff, are highly competitive, and a cadet's overall class rank is often a deciding factor in who is awarded the position.

The eight companies are named for the first eight letters of the NATO phonetic alphabet. Each has a special focus in administering day-to-day affairs: Alfa Company manages health and wellness. Bravo Company runs training. Charlie Company administers the honor system, Delta Company coordinates drill and ceremonies. Echo Company manages transportation and logistics. Foxtrot Company operates the cadet conduct system, organizes the watch rotations, and updates the cadet regulations. Golf Company is in charge of supplies for cleaning and repairing damaged rooms within Chase Hall. Hotel Company is in charge of morale events.

To accomplish their missions, each company is divided, along shipboard lines, into three departments, each of which is divided into divisions with specific responsibilities. Divisions are the most basic unit at the Coast Guard Academy, and each has a very specific purpose. Each division is led by a firstie and contains several members of each other class.

This organizational structure is designed to give every cadet a position of leadership and to emulate the structure of a Coast Guard cutter, in which the division officer and department head positions are filled by junior officers. Third-class cadets directly mentor the fourth-class in their division, just as junior petty officers would be responsible for the most junior enlisted personnel (non-rates). Second-class cadets act as non-commissioned officers, and ensure that the regulations and accountability are upheld. Firsties (like junior officers) are in supervisory roles, and are responsible for carrying out the mission of their divisions and ensuring the well-being of those under their command. Exchange cadets from the other federal service academies are also a part of the corps, and take part in many activities alongside their USCGA counterparts.[13]

Extracurricular activities

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Athletics

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Main article: Coast Guard Bears

The USCGA Athletic Department offers 24 intercollegiate sports for cadets. The academy's athletics teams generally compete in Division III of the National Collegiate Athletic Association. Cadets devote two hours per academic day to athletic activities, either on varsity teams, club teams, or other sports pursuits. The academy nickname is the Bears, after the USRC Bear, which made a dramatic rescue in Alaska in 1897, shortly after the opening of the academy.

Music

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Principal non-athletic activities are musical centered on Leamy Hall. Regimental Band, Windjammers Drum & Bugle Corps, various pep bands, and the NiteCaps Jazz Band are instrumental programs. Chapel Choirs, Glee Club, the Fairwinds all-female a cappella group, and The Idlers all-male sea shanty group are vocal programs.[14]

Model UN

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The academy's Model UN team was started in 2004, and has since been successfully competing around North America, and at the World Model UN Conference.[15]

Pride

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The academy has clubs and teams dedicated to increasing campus morale. These include the cheer squad, dance team and Social Committee.[16]

Notable alumni

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Alumni of the Coast Guard Academy are known collectively as the "Long Blue Line".[17]

Name Class Notability
Worth G. Ross 1879

Captain-Commandant; 3rd Commandant of the Coast Guard (1905–1911), member of the first graduating class of the School of Instruction[18]

William E. Reynolds 1880

Rear Admiral; 5th Commandant of the Coast Guard (1919–1924)

Ellsworth P. Bertholf 1887

Commodore; last Captain-Commandant of the United States Revenue Cutter Service (1911–1915); 4th Commandant of the Coast Guard (1915–1919);[19] awarded Congressional Gold Medal for participation in the Overland Relief Expedition

Leonidas I. Robinson 1889

First Academy graduate to die in the line of duty

Frederick C. Billard 1896

Rear Admiral; 6th Commandant of the Coast Guard (1924–1932); Superintendent of the United States Coast Guard Academy (1921–1924)

Harry G. Hamlet 1896

Vice Admiral; 7th Commandant of the Coast Guard (1932–1936); Superintendent of the United States Coast Guard Academy (1928–1932); Gold Lifesaving Medal recipient; author of the "Creed of the United States Coast Guardsman"

Russell R. Waesche 1906

Admiral; 8th Commandant of the Coast Guard (1936–1946); longest serving Commandant

Philip F. Roach 1907

Commodore; recipient of the Navy Cross[20]

William J. Keester 1910

Rear Admiral; Commander of the 5th Coast Guard District

Joseph Stika 1911

Vice Admiral; recipient of the Navy Cross[21]

Joseph F. Farley 1912

Admiral; 9th Commandant of the Coast Guard (1946–1950)

Elmer Fowler Stone 1913

United States Naval Aviator, piloted the NC-4 on the first naval transatlantic flight[22]

Lyndon Spencer 1918

Vice Admiral; commanding officer of the USS Bayfield (APA-33) during World War II[23]

Harold G. Bradbury 1920

Rear Admiral; commanding officer of the USS Leonard Wood (APA-12), USS Wakefield (AP-21) and USCGC Duane (WPG-33) during World War II; Commander of the 1st Coast Guard District[24]

Merlin O'Neill 1921

Vice Admiral; 10th Commandant of the Coast Guard (1950–1954); 4th Vice Commandant of the Coast Guard (1946–1949)

Alfred C. Richmond 1924

Admiral; 11th Commandant of the Coast Guard (1954–1962)

Edward Thiele 1927

Rear Admiral; Engineer-in-Chief of the Coast Guard (1958–1961)[25]

Carl B. Olsen 1928

Rear Admiral; Commander of the 8th Coast Guard District[26]

Edwin J. Roland 1929

Admiral; 12th Commandant of the Coast Guard (1962–1966); 7th Vice Commandant of the Coast Guard (1962)

Allen Winbeck 1929

Rear Admiral; Commander of the 13th and 12th Coast Guard Districts[27]

A. J. Carpenter 1933

Rear Admiral; Commander of the 11th and 3rd Coast Guard Districts[28]

John Birdsell Oren 1933

Rear Admiral; Chief of Engineering

Willard J. Smith 1933

Admiral; 13th Commandant of the Coast Guard (1966–1970)

Chester R. Bender 1936

Admiral; 14th Commandant of the Coast Guard (1970–1974)

Arthur B. Engel 1938

Rear Admiral; Superintendent of the Coast Guard Academy (1967–1970)[29]

Benjamin F. Engel 1938

Vice Admiral; Commander of the 14th and 3rd Coast Guard Districts[30]

Thomas R. Sargent III 1938

Vice Admiral; 11th Vice Commandant of the Coast Guard (1970–1974)[31]

Ellis L. Perry 1941

Vice Admiral; 12th Vice Commandant of the Coast Guard (1974–1978)[32]

Owen W. Siler 1943

Admiral; 15th Commandant of the Coast Guard (1974–1978)

G. William Miller 1945

Chairman of the Federal Reserve (1978–1979); United States Secretary of the Treasury (1979–1981)[33]

John B. Hayes 1947

Admiral; 16th Commandant of the Coast Guard (1978–1982)[34]

Robert A. Duin 1948

Rear Admiral; Commander of the 17th Coast Guard District[35]

James S. Gracey 1949

Admiral; 17th Commandant of the Coast Guard (1982–1986)

Sidney A. Wallace 1949

Rear Admiral; Chief of Public and International Affairs (1975–1977)[36]

Benedict L. Stabile 1950

Vice Admiral; 14th Vice Commandant of the Coast Guard

Paul A. Yost Jr. 1951

Admiral; 18th Commandant of the Coast Guard (1986–1990)

Robert S. Lucas 1952

Rear Admiral; Commander of the 17th Coast Guard District[37]

James C. Irwin 1953

Vice Admiral; 15th Vice Commandant of the Coast Guard

Theodore J. Wojnar 1953

Rear Admiral; Commander of the 13th Coast Guard District[38]

William P. Kozlovsky 1954

Rear Admiral; Commander of the 14th Coast Guard District[39]

Clyde T. Lusk 1954

Vice Admiral; 16th Vice Commandant of the Coast Guard

J. William Kime 1957

Admiral; 19th Commandant of the Coast Guard (1990–1994)

Robert T. Nelson 1958

Vice Admiral; 18th Vice Commandant of the Coast Guard

William J. Ecker 1960

Rear Admiral; Commander of the 2nd and 5th Coast Guard Districts[40]

Richard A. Appelbaum 1961

Rear Admiral; Chief of Law Enforcement and Defense Operations[41]

Robert E. Kramek 1961

Admiral; 20th Commandant of the Coast Guard (1994–1998)

Arthur E. Henn 1962

Vice Admiral; 19th Vice Commandant of the Coast Guard

James C. Card 1964

Vice Admiral; 21st Vice Commandant of the Coast Guard

Richard D. Herr 1964

Vice Admiral; 20th Vice Commandant of the Coast Guard

James Loy 1964

Admiral; 21st Commandant of the Coast Guard (1998–2002); Acting Secretary United States Department of Homeland Security (2005), United States Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security (2003–2005); 2nd Administrator of the Transportation Security Administration (2002–2003);[42]

Paul M. Blayney 1965

Rear Admiral; Commander of the Thirteenth Coast Guard District[43]

Thomas H. Collins 1968

Admiral; 22nd Commandant of the Coast Guard (2002–2006); guided the Coast Guard after the terrorist attacks of 9/11; 22nd Vice Commandant of the Coast Guard (2000–2002)

John T. Tozzi 1968

Rear Admiral; Director of Information and Technology (1996–1997)[44]

Richard W. Schneider 1968

Rear Admiral; former senior reserve officer in the United States Coast Guard Reserve and 23rd President of Norwich University for 28 years.

Terry M. Cross 1970

Vice Admiral; 24th Vice Commandant of the Coast Guard

Thad Allen 1971

Admiral; Principal Federal Official for the response to Hurricane Katrina, Hurricane Rita and National Incident Commander for the response to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf Coast region; 23rd Commandant of the Coast Guard (2006–2010)[45]

Charles D. Wurster 1971

Vice Admiral; national commodore of the Sea Scouting division of the Boy Scouts of America[46]

Erroll M. Brown 1972

Rear Admiral; First African-American Coast Guard flag officer[47]

Bruce E. Melnick 1972

Commander; First Coast Guard astronaut[48]

Timothy S. Sullivan 1975

Rear Admiral; Senior Military Advisor and Operational Advisor to the United States Secretary of Homeland Security; Primary Military Coordinator between the United States Department of Homeland Security and United States Department of Defense[49]

Robert J. Papp Jr. 1975

Admiral; 24th Commandant of the Coast Guard (2010–2014)[50]

Paul A. Langlois 1976 Captain; Distinguished Flying Cross; USCGA Athletic Hall of Fame (2006); USCGA Hall of Heroes (2013); USCGA Distinguished Alumnus (2019)[51][52][53]
David Pekoske 1977 7th Administrator of Transportation Security Administration (2017–Current);

Vice Admiral; 26th Vice Commandant of the Coast Guard

Paul F. Zukunft 1977

Admiral; 25th Commandant of the Coast Guard (2014–2018)

Charles W. Ray 1981

Admiral; 31st Vice Commandant of the Coast Guard (2018 – 2021)[54]

Sandra L. Stosz 1982

Vice Admiral; first female Academy graduate to achieve flag rank;[55] former Superintendent of the United States Coast Guard Academy; first woman to command a United States military service academy.[56]

Stephen E. Flynn 1982

PhD; author; chair at the Council on Foreign Relations[57]

Karl L. Schultz 1983

Admiral; 26th Commandant of the Coast Guard (2018–2022)[58]

Daniel C. Burbank 1985

Commander; Second Coast Guard astronaut[59]

Charles D. Michel 1985

Admiral; 30th Vice Commandant of the Coast Guard; first career judge advocate in any of the armed forces to achieve four-star rank.

Linda L. Fagan 1985

Admiral; 27th and current Commandant of the United States Coast Guard (2022–present); first female service chief in the U.S. armed services.

Kevin E. Lunday 1987

Admiral; 34th Vice Commandant of the Coast Guard

Douglas M. Fears 1989

Rear Admiral; former Assistant to the President and Homeland Security Advisor; commander of Joint Interagency Task Force South (2020–2022)[60]

Scott E. Langum 1993

Captain; former helicopter pilot who rescued 168 lives during Hurricane Katrina; current commander of Coast Guard Air Station Cape Cod (2018–present)[61]

Andre Douglas 2008 Commander; selected for NASA Astronaut Group 23[62]
Nikole P. Barnes 2017 Olympian; USCGA's first Olympic Athlete. Competed in the Tokyo Olympic Games in the Women's 470 (double-handed sailing). 3x Sailing All-American; 2016 Women's National Champion. 2016 Quantum Women College Sailor of the Year.[63]

Superintendents

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No. Name Start End Notes Ref
1 John A. Henriques February 1877 June 1883 United States Revenue Cutter Service [64]
2 Leonard G. Shepard June 1883 April 1887 United States Revenue Cutter Service [64]: 22 
3 Daniel B. Hodgsdon April 1887 May 1890 [64]: 22 
4 Joseph W. Congdon April 1894 June 1895 [64]: 22 
5 Oscar C. Hamlet June 1895 November 1898 [64]: 22 
6 David A. Hall December 1898 October 1902 [64]: 22 
7 William E. Reynolds October 1902 January 1908 [64]: 22 
8 John E. Reinburg January 1908 February 1910 [64]: 22 
9 William V.E. Jacobs March 1910 June 1914 [64]: 22 
10 Frederick C. Billard June 1914 August 1918 [64]: 22 
11 Thaddeus G. Crapster August 1918 March 1919 [64]: 22 
12 Byron L. Reed March 1919 October 1919 [64]: 22 
13 William V.E. Jacobs October 1919 March 1923 [64]: 22 
14 Harold D. Hinckley March 1923 May 1928 [64]: 22 
15 Harry G. Hamlet May 1928 June 1932 [64]: 22 
16 Randolph Ridgely Jr. September 1932 June 1935 [64]: 22 
17 Edward D. Jones July 1935 June 1940 [64]: 22 
18 James Pine July 1940 July 1947 [64]: 22 
19 Wilfred N. Derby August 1947 August 1950 [64]: 22 
20 Arthur G. Hall September 1950 August 1954 [64]: 22 
21 Raymond J. Mauerman September 1954 June 1957 [64]: 22 
22 Frank A. Leamy July 1957 February 1960 [64]: 22 
23 Stephen H. Evans February 1960 June 1962 [64]: 22 
24 Willard J. Smith June 1962 July 1965 [64]: 22 
25 Chester R. Bender July 1965 June 1967 [64]: 22 
26 Arthur B. Engel June 1967 June 1970 [64]: 22 
27 John F. Thompson June 1970 July 1973 [64]: 22 
28 Joseph J. McClelland July 1973 June 1974 [64]: 22 
29 William A. Jenkins June 1974 June 1977 [64]: 22 
30 Malcolm E. Clark June 1977 January 1981 [64]: 22 
31 Charles E. Larkin July 1981 June 1982 [64]: 22 
32 Edward Nelson Jr. June 1982 June 1986 [64]: 22 
33 Richard P. Cueroni June 1986 June 28, 1989 [64]: 22 
34 Thomas T. Matteson June 28, 1989 June 9, 1993 [64]: 22 [65]
35 Paul E. Versaw June 9, 1993 June 20, 1997 [64]: 22 [66]
36 Douglas E. Teeson June 20, 1997 June 2001 [64]: 22 [67]
37 Robert C. Olsen June 2001 June 2005 [64]: 22 
38 James C. Van Sice May 27, 2005 January 2007 [64]: 22 [68]
39 J. Scott Burhoe January 2007 June 3, 2011 [64]: 22 
40 Sandra L. Stosz June 3, 2011 June 1, 2015 First woman superintendent [69]
41 James E. Rendon June 1, 2015 May 30, 2019 [70]
42 William G. Kelly May 30, 2019 May 26, 2023 [71][72]
43 Michael J. Johnston May 26, 2023 [73][74]

U.S. Coast Guard Museum

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See also: National Coast Guard Museum

The U.S. Coast Guard Museum is located in Waesche Hall on the grounds of the United States Coast Guard Academy. The museum's artifacts reflect the history of the U.S. Coast Guard and include ship models, carved figureheads, cannons, uniforms, medals, weapons, memorabilia and paintings.[75] Visitors must bring a government-issued photo identification to enter the campus, and foreign visitors must make an appointment with the Curator before visiting the museum.[76]

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ Cadets who do not graduate after their 2nd year (due to grades, conduct, etc) are obligated to enlist or pay back the monetary value of their education.

References

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Notes

  1. ^ United States Coast Guard Academy – Profile, Rankings and Data US News Best Colleges. Retrieved 9 May 2019.
  2. ^ "US Coast Guard Academy – Marine Engineering & Architecture Education". EduMaritime.com.
  3. ^ U. S. Coast Guard Academy, "The Coast Guard Academy in Brief" (2009)
  4. ^ a b Johnson, Paul H. (May–June 1970). "The Academy at Fort Trumbull: Part Two 1920–1932". The Bulletin. 32 (3): 25.
  5. ^ "A Historical Chronology", African-Americans in Coast Guard History, U.S. Coast Guard Historian's Office
  6. ^ "The Class of 1980". Smithsonian National Museum of American History. Retrieved 30 December 2008.
  7. ^ Pierce, Ed (2 May 2018). "BRCOT student helps create new Coast Guard Academy emblem". Press Herald. Retrieved 4 March 2023.
  8. ^ Admissions: Frequently Asked Questions – Statistics U.S. Coast Guard. Retrieved 8 November 2017.
  9. ^ "Academic Majors". United States Coast Guard Academy. Retrieved 31 May 2024.
  10. ^ Cadet Life: Summer Training, United States Coast Guard Academy.
  11. ^ "Midshipmen Pay and Benefits". U.S. Naval Academy. Retrieved 23 March 2015.
  12. ^ The United States Coast Guard Academy. A Brief History.
  13. ^ "USAFA Curriculum – Service Academy Exchange Program". usafa.edu.
  14. ^ "Music And Drama". United States Coast Guard Academy. Retrieved 31 May 2024.
  15. ^ "Academic And Professional". United States Coast Guard Academy. Retrieved 31 May 2024.
  16. ^ "Pride". United States Coast Guard Academy. Retrieved 31 May 2024.
  17. ^ Sherbs, Diana (22 February 2018). "The Long Blue Line: The Coast Guard Academy – commissioning minority officers for 75 years!". Coast Guard Compass. United States Coast Guard Academy. Retrieved 21 July 2018.
  18. ^ "Worth G. Ross, 1905–1911" (asp). Commandants of the U.S. Coast Guard. U.S. Coast Guard Historian's Office. Retrieved 26 October 2016.
  19. ^ "Hall of Heroes". United States Coast Guard Academy. Retrieved 17 March 2009.
  20. ^ "Commodore Philip F. Roach, USCG" (PDF). United States Coast Guard. Retrieved 6 May 2014.
  21. ^ "Joseph Stika". Military Times. Retrieved 23 September 2010.
  22. ^ "Commander Elmer Fowler Stone, USCG". United States Coast Guard. Retrieved 17 March 2009.
  23. ^ "Vice Admiral Lyndon Spencer Biographical Sketch" (PDF). United States Coast Guard. Retrieved 24 May 2011.
  24. ^ "Rear Admiral Harold G. Bradbury, USCG" (PDF). United States Coast Guard. Retrieved 21 April 2014.
  25. ^ "Rear Admiral Edward H. Thiele" (PDF). United States Coast Guard. Retrieved 7 May 2014.
  26. ^ "Rear Admiral Carl B. Olsen" (PDF). United States Coast Guard. Retrieved 25 April 2014.
  27. ^ "Rear Admiral Allen Winbeck, USCG" (PDF). United States Coast Guard. Retrieved 8 May 2014.
  28. ^ "Rear Admiral Albert J. Carpenter Biographical Sketch" (PDF). United States Coast Guard. Retrieved 25 May 2011.
  29. ^ "Rear Admiral Arthur B. Engel" (PDF). United States Coast Guard. Retrieved 22 April 2014.
  30. ^ "Vice Admiral Benjamin F. Engel, USCG" (PDF). United States Coast Guard. Retrieved 22 April 2014.
  31. ^ "Vice Admiral Thomas R. Sargent III" (PDF). United States Coast Guard. Retrieved 7 May 2014.
  32. ^ "Vice Admiral Ellis L. Perry, USCG" (PDF). United States Coast Guard. Retrieved 28 April 2014.
  33. ^ Bernstein, Adam (20 March 2006). "Obituary: Fed Chairman G. William Miller, 81". The Washington Post. Retrieved 21 November 2007.
  34. ^ "John B. Hayes". United States Coast Guard. Retrieved 18 March 2009.
  35. ^ "Rear Admiral Robert A. Duin" (PDF). United States Coast Guard. Retrieved 22 April 2014.
  36. ^ "Rear Admiral Sidney A. Wallace" (PDF). United States Coast Guard. Retrieved 8 May 2014.
  37. ^ "Rear Admiral Robert S. Lucas" (PDF). United States Coast Guard. Retrieved 25 April 2014.
  38. ^ "Rear Admiral Theodore J. Wojnar" (PDF). United States Coast Guard. Retrieved 8 May 2014.
  39. ^ "Rear Admiral William Patrick Kozlovsky" (PDF). United States Coast Guard. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
  40. ^ "Rear Admiral William J. Ecker" (PDF). United States Coast Guard. Retrieved 22 April 2014.
  41. ^ "Rear Admiral Richard A. Appelbaum" (PDF). United States Coast Guard. Retrieved 24 May 2011.
  42. ^ "James M. Loy". Cohen Group. Archived from the original on 2 May 2008. Retrieved 17 March 2009.
  43. ^ "Rear Admiral Paul M. Blayney". United States Coast Guard. Retrieved 17 January 2011.
  44. ^ "Rear Admiral John T. Tozzi" (PDF). United States Coast Guard. Retrieved 8 May 2014.
  45. ^ White, Josh (7 September 2005). "Coast Guard's Chief of Staff To Assist FEMA Head Brown". The Washington Post. Retrieved 17 March 2009.
  46. ^ Hobart, Phelps. "PCR representatives attend Coast Guard Change of Command". Navy League of the United States. Archived from the original on 16 May 2009. Retrieved 28 October 2008.
  47. ^ "Rear Admiral Erroll Brown, USCG". United States Coast Guard. Retrieved 17 March 2009.
  48. ^ "BRUCE E. MELNICK". NASA. Retrieved 17 March 2009.
  49. ^ "Timothy S. Sullivan". Irish Central.com. Retrieved 28 April 2010.
  50. ^ "Admiral Robert J. Papp, Jr" (PDF). United States Coast Guard. Retrieved 7 March 2011.
  51. ^ Bergman, Julia (4 October 2019). "Coast Guard Academy's Class of 1976 Celebrate One of Their Own". Military.com. Retrieved 9 July 2020.
  52. ^ "Paul Langlois - Recipient -". valor.militarytimes.com. Retrieved 9 July 2020.
  53. ^ "USCGA Alumni Community - Alumni honored during 2013 Hall of Heroes Ceremony". www.cgaparents.org. Retrieved 9 July 2020.
  54. ^ "Charles W. Ray; 31st Vice Commandant of the United States Coast Guard". USCG. Retrieved 12 September 2018.
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  56. ^ "First woman to take helm of a U.S. military academy". United States Coast Guard Academy Media Port. 14 December 2010. Retrieved 15 December 2010.
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  58. ^ "Karl L. Schultz; 26th Commandant of the United States Coast Guard". USCG. Retrieved 12 September 2018.
  59. ^ "Daniel C. Burbank (CAPTAIN, USCG)". NASA. Retrieved 17 March 2009.
  60. ^ "JIATF-S". www.jiatfs.southcom.mil. Retrieved 12 September 2021.
  61. ^ "Air Station Cape Cod Command". www.atlanticarea.uscg.mil. Retrieved 19 April 2020.
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  66. ^ "After tenure of change, coast guard skipper departs". Hartford Courant. 10 June 1993.
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  69. ^ "Vice Admiral Sandra L. Stosz" (PDF). U.S. Coast Guard.
  70. ^ "Rear Admiral James E. Rendon" (PDF). U.S. Coast Guard.
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  72. ^ Moser, Erica (27 May 2023). "Coast Guard Academy superintendent retires". The Day.
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Further reading

  • Lovell, John P. (1979) Neither Athens nor Sparta?: The American Service Academies in Transition
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