User:Paul August/Tmolus (mythology)

Tmolus (mythology)

New text

References

• Diodorus Siculus, Diodorus Siculus: The Library of History. translated by C. H. Oldfather, twelve volumes, Loeb Classical Library, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, Ltd. 1989. Online version by Bill Thayer.

Sources

Ancient

Apollodorus

2.6.3

After the delivery of the oracle, Hermes sold Hercules, and he was bought by Omphale,1 daughter of Iardanes, queen of Lydia, to whom at his death her husband Tmolus had bequeathed the government.

Diodorus Siculus

4.31.5-8

...There he willingly submitted to be sold by one of his friends and became the slave of Omphalê, the daughter of Iardanus, who was still unmarried and was queen of the people who were called at that time Maeonians, but now Lydians. ...

Hyginus

Fabulae

191

§ 191 KING MIDAS: Midas, Mygdonian king, son of the Mother goddess from Timolus . . . was taken [as judge] at the time when Apollo contested with Marsyas, or Pan, on the pipes. When Timolus gave the victory to Apollo, Midas said it should rather have been given to Marsyas. Then Apollo angrily said to Midas: "You will have ears to match the mind you have in judging", and with these words he caused him to have ass's ears. At the time when Father Liber was leading his army into India, Silenus wandered away; Midas entertained him generously, and gave him a guide to conduct him to Liber's company. Because of this favour, Father Liber gave Midas the privilege of asking him for whatever he wanted. Midas asked that whatever he touched should become gold. When he had been granted the wish, and came to his palace, whatever he touched became gold. When now he was being tortured with hunger, he begged Liber to take away the splendid gift. Liber bade him bathe in the River Pactolus, and when his body touched the water it became a golden colour. The river in Lydia is now called Chrysorrhoas.

Lycophron

Alexandra (or Cassandra)

124

τέκνων [sons of] ἀλύξας [avoiding] τὰς ξενοκτόνους πάλας [fatal struggles against foreigners]

avoiding the stranger-slaying wrestling of his [Proteus'] sons^c

^a Proteus came from his home in Egypt to Pallene (=Phlegra, Herod. viii. 123 in Chalcidice), the birth-place of the giants, where he married Torone, by whom he had two sons who slew strangers by compelling them to wrestle with them and were in the end themselves slain by Heracles. Protcus, vexed by the wickedness of his sons, besought his father Poseidon for a passage under the sea back to Egypt. On his sons’ death he could neither be sorry nor glad.

^c Tmolus and Telegonus.

Ovid

Metamorphoses

11.146–193

Abhorring riches he inhabited
the woods and fields, and followed Pan who dwells
always in mountain-caves: but still obtuse
remained, from which his foolish mind again,
by an absurd decision, harmed his life.
He followed Pan up to the lofty mount
Tmolus, which from its great height looks far
across the sea. Steep and erect it stands
between great Sardis and the small Hypaepa.
While Pan was boasting there to mountain nymphs
of his great skill in music, and while he
was warbling a gay tune upon the reeds,
cemented with soft wax, in his conceit
he dared to boast to them how he despised
Apollo's music when compared with his—.
At last to prove it, he agreed to stand
against Apollo in a contest which
it was agreed should be decided by
Tmolus as their umpire.

This old god
sat down on his own mountain, and first eased
his ears of many mountain growing trees,
oak leaves were wreathed upon his azure hair
and acorns from his hollow temples hung.
First to the Shepherd-god Tmolus spoke:

“My judgment shall be yours with no delay.
Pan made some rustic sounds on his rough reeds,
delighting Midas with his uncouth notes;
for Midas chanced to be there when he played.

When Pan had ceased, divine Tmolus turned
to Phoebus, and the forest likewise turned
just as he moved. Apollo's golden locks
were richly wreathed with fresh Parnassian laurel;
his robe of Tyrian purple swept the ground;
his left hand held his lyre, adorned with gems
and Indian ivory. His right hand held
the plectrum—as an artist he stood there
before Tmolus, while his skilful thumb
touching the strings made charming melody.

Delighted with Apollo's artful touch,
Tmolus ordered Pan to hold his reeds
excelled by beauty of Apollo's lyre.
That judgment of the sacred mountain god
pleased all those present, all but Midas, who
blaming Tmolus called the award unjust.

Pseudo-Plutarch

De fluviis

7.5

Situated nearby is Mount Tmolus, full of all sorts of beasts. Formerly it was called Carmanorius, from Carmanorus, child of Dionysus and Alexiorrhoea, who, hunting, died, wounded by a boar. Later it was renamed Tmolus for a reason of this sort. Tmolus, son of Ares and Theogone, king of Lydia, when he was hunting on Carmanorius and beheld Arrhippe, a maiden living with Artemis, fell into a yearning for her and, gripped by desire, pursued her, wanting to force himself upon her. Overtaken, she fled to the sanctuary of Artemis. Having disdained religious feeling, the tyrant despoiled the maiden in the precinct. Overcome with despair, she marked the end of her life with a noose. Indignant by what had been done, the goddess caused a raging bull to fall upon the aforementioned, tossed in the air by which and having come down on points, he died in agony. Theoclymenus, child of the aforementioned, when he had buried his parent, renamed the mountain from him.

Tzetzes, John

Chiliades

320–321

Then, the guest-slaying sons of Proteus,

Tmolus and Telegonus, Heracles kills after he wrestled them down.

Scholia eis Lycophrona

124

...Τμῶλος καὶ Τηλέγονος [Tmolus and Telegonus]

Vatican Mythographers

1.89

89. The Story of Pan.

While Pan was visiting Mount Tmolus in Lydia, he amused himself with a reed pipe. He challenged Apollo to a contest, with Tmolus as judge, since it was his mountain. ... Certain authors teach that not Pan but Marsyas, vied with Apollo.

Modern

Bell

s.v. Pluto 1

was a daughter of Cronus or Himantes (also called Mimas[?] but thought to be a surname of Atlas). She slept with Zeus and became the mother of Tantalus. Some said his father was Tmolus, a Lydian king. If so, this could not be the same Tmolus who was married to Omphale, since his grandson Pelops would need to be contemporary with Perseus, instead of five generations later as in the latter case.

Gantz

p. 430

Our later sources furnish some details. In Diodorus, ...sell him to Omphale, daughter of Iardanos [DS 4.31.5-8]. ...

p. 440

Apollodorus' account is ... Omphale is here the daughter of Iardanes and the widow of Tmolos, from whom she has inherited her rule.

p. 536

Before concluding this section, we should consider also Tantalos' parentage and wife. Our earliest information on the first of these points is Euripides, where Tantalos is a son of Zeus (Or 5); later sources all agree on that much, save for the scholion to this same passage, which names Tmolos as the father. The mother [of Tantalus] seems, however, on all occasions when she is named, to be one Plouto (Paus 2.22.3; Σ Od 11.582; Σ Or 4; Fab 82, 155; Nonnos 7.119 [union with Zeus only]) Hyginus calls her a daughter of Himas (Fab 155), but we know nothing else about her.

Grimal

s.v. Omphale

The legend of Heracles and Omphale in its best-known form makes the latter a queen of Lydia and daughter of King Iardanus in whose palace Heracles was serving as a slave. ... As well as the genealogy given above, there is a tradition in certain authors that Omphale was the daughter or widow of King Tmolus who bequeathed his kingdom to her. ...

s.v. Polygonus

(Πολύγονος) He and Telegonus, the two sons of Proteus and Tyrone, were killed quite justifiably by Heracles. These two bandits used to challenge travelers to fight, and then killed them. [Apd. 2.5.9; Philargyrius on Virgil Georg 4.391]

s.v. Tantalus 1

Usually said to be the son of Zeus and Pluto, the latter being a daughter of Cronus or Atlas.

s.v. Tmolus

(Τμῶλος)

1 Omphale's widowed husband.

[Apd. 2.6.3]

2 A son of Ares and Theogone, king of Lydia, who assaulted a companion of Artemis called Arripe. The goddess had him killed by an enraged bull. His son Theoclymenus, buried him on the mountain which was thereafter known as Tmolus.

[Pseudo-Plutarch, De Fluv. 7.5]

Hard

p. 157

In another tale of this kind, also set in Asia Minor, Apollo engaged in a musical contest with the deity Pan. Tmolos, the god of the Lydian mountain of that name, acted as judge, and the ... Tmolos judged in favor of Apollo, his decision was approved by all who were present with the sole exception of Midas, the king of Phrygia, who had been strangely moved by the wild music of Pan. Apollo showed what he thought of Midas' taste in music by transforming his ears into those [cont.]

p. 158

... ⁷⁹ In another version of this story , Midas suffered this punishment for judging agains Apollo when the god competed against Marsyas.^{80 [Hyg. Fab 191, Vat. Myth. 1.90.]}

p. 274

Omphale, daughter of Iardanos (or Iardanes), was a widow who had assumed power in Lydia on the west coast of Asia Minor after the death of her husband Tmolos. ...^{159 [E.g. Ov. Heroides 9.55ff, Lucian D.D 13.2, Plut. Qu'est.Gr. 45]}

p. 741

Tmolos, god of Mt Tmolos in Lydia 157.

Tmolos, husband of Omphale 274.

Junk

Brill's New Pauly

s.v. Pluto 1

Mother of Tantalus by Zeus (Antoninus Liberalis 36,2; Hyg. Fab. 82 and 155; Paus. 2,22,3; according to scholion Eur. Or. 5 by Tmolus); also daughter of Kronos (scholion Pind. Ol. 3,41), Berecyntian nymph (Nonnus, Dion. 48,729-731). According to Clemens Romanus (in Rufin. recognitiones 10,21,7 and 10,23,1) the mother of Tantalus is called Plutis or Plute and is the daughter of Atlas.

Junk, Tim (Kiel)

Kaletsch

Oxford Classical Dictionary

s.v. Tmolus 1

Mountain chain in Lydia

Mountain chain (up to 2157 m elevation) in Lydia, snow-covered in winter (Hom. Il. 2,866; 20,385), modern Bozdağ. The T. mountains were the source of the Pactolus, which in Antiquity bore auriferous sand; Sardis was on its banks (Plin. HN 5,110). In the T. mountains, vines were cultivated (Str. 14,1,15; Plin. HN 14,74; Vitr. De arch. 8,3,12), they were known for fields of saffron (Verg. G. 1,56; 4,380; Solin. 40,10). The T. were the residence of the 'Tmolian goddess' Cybele and of Zeus-Dionysus-Sabazius (Sabazius) as well as the cult area of Bacchus [2] (Ov. Met. 11,86; Anth. Pal. 9,645), personified as the king and husband of Omphale (Nic. Ther. 633; Apollod. 2,31).

Kaletsch, Hans (Regensburg)

Oxford Classical Dictionary

s.v. Tmolus

Tmolus (Τμῶλος), the deity of the Lydian mountain so named (see lydia). He appears, with *Midas(1), as judge of the contest between *Apollo and *Pan (Ov.Met. 11. 156 ff.), and as a coin-figure.

Parada

s.v. Pluto 3

•Himas ∞

••Zeus.

•••Tantalus 1.

•Hyg.Fab.155. ••Nonn.7.19, ••-•••Pau.2.22.3., Hyg.Fab.155., Nonn.1.146.

s.v. Omphale (Iardanus' Slave)

Queen of Lydia who bought Heracles 1 as a slave, ...

•Iardanus ∞

••1)Tmolus

••2) ...

D.Apd.2.6.3., ... •-••1)2)Apd.2.6.3. •Dio.4.31.7 ...

s.v. Tmolus

Τμῶλος

Gave the government to his wife at the death of her father, the king. He was the judge of a musical contest between Pan and Apollo.

•

••Omphale

D..Ov.Met.11.156, Apd.2.6.3. ••Apd.2.6.3

Tripp

s.v. Omphale

A queen of Lydia. Omphale, a daughter of Iardanus, married Tmolus, king of Lydia, whom she succeeded on the throne at his death. ... [Apollodorus 2.6.3; Diodorus Siculus 4.31.5-8.]

s.v. Polygonus and Telogonus

Sons of Proteus. This pair lived at Torone, on the peninsula of Sithonia. When Heracles stopped there on his homeward voyage from Troy, they challenged him to wrestle and were killed in the match. [Apollodorus 2.5.9]

Smith

s.v. Tmolus 1

1. The god of Mount Tmolus in Lydia, is described as the husband of Pluto (or Omphale) and father of Tantalus, and said to have decided the musical contest between Apollo and Pan. (Apollod. 2.6.3; Schol. ad Eur. Orest. 5 ; Ov. Met. 11.157.)

s.v. Tmolus 2

2. A son of Proteus, was killed by Heracles. (Tzetz. ad Lyc. 124.)