Voiceless epiglottal affricate

Voiceless epiglottal affricate
Voiceless epiglottal affricate
ʡʜ
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The voiceless epiglottal affricate ([ʡ͡ʜ] in IPA) is a rare affricate consonant that is initiated as an epiglottal stop [ʡ] and released as a voiceless epiglottal fricative [ʜ]. It has not been reported to occur phonemically in any language except in the Hydaburg dialect of the Haida language.

Features

Features of the voiceless epiglottal affricate:

Its manner of articulation is affricate, which means it is produced by first stopping the airflow entirely, then allowing air flow through a constricted channel at the place of articulation, causing turbulence.
Its place of articulation is epiglottal, which means it is articulated with the aryepiglottic folds against the epiglottis.
Its phonation is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords. In some languages the vocal cords are actively separated, so it is always voiceless; in others the cords are lax, so that it may take on the voicing of adjacent sounds.
It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
Its airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles, as in most sounds.

Language		Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Haida	Hydaburg dialect^[1]	^{[example needed]}			May be a stop [ʡ] or voiced [ʡ͡ʢ] instead.^[1]

Mithun, Marianne (2001). The Languages of Native North America. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 052129875X.