λέω
Greek
editAlternative forms
edit- λέγω (légo)
Etymology
editFrom Ancient Greek λέγω (légō, “to say”), with suppletive inflections such as the simple past είπα (eípa) deriving from the aorist εἶπον (eîpon), εἶπα (eîpa).
Pronunciation
editVerb
editλέω • (léo) (past είπα, passive λέγομαι)
- (most senses) to say, tell
- Tο παιδί είπε την πρώτη του λέξη. ― To paidí eípe tin próti tou léxi. ― The child said his first word.
- Ο διευθυντής μου είπε ότι πρέπει να τελειώνουμε. ― O diefthyntís mou eípe óti prépei na teleiónoume. ― The director told me that we should finish.
- (transitive) to discuss, converse
- Τα λένε μεταξύ τους. ― Ta léne metaxý tous. ― They are discussing.
- (intransitive) to talk (with one another)
- Καιρό έχουμε να τα πούμε. ― Kairó échoume na ta poúme. ― It's been a while since we talked.
- to recite, tell, recount, sing (a poem, song, etc)
- Το παιδάκι είπε ένα τραγούδι. ― To paidáki eípe éna tragoúdi. ― The child sang a song.
- Να τα πούμε; ― Na ta poúme; ― Shall we sing them? (phrase used by Greek children carolling door to door around the New Year)
- (often in imperative) to suppose, imagine (a hypothetical scenario)
- Λέμε τώρα, αν γινόταν πόλεμος. ― Léme tóra, an ginótan pólemos. ― We're supposing now, if there were a war.
- Πες πως κάτι γινόταν. Τι θα έκανες; ― Pes pos káti ginótan. Ti tha ékanes? ― Let's say something happened. What would you do?
- (intransitive, often with για (gia)) refer to, talk about
- Λες για τον φίλο σου τώρα; ― Les gia ton fílo sou tóra? ― Are you talking about your friend now?
- (transitive) to mean, say (to clarify etc)
- Θέλω να πω ότι δεν είναι τόσο απλά τα πράγματα. ― Thélo na po óti den eínai tóso aplá ta prágmata. ― I mean that things aren't that simple.
- Τι θα πει, «ξέχασα τις ασκήσεις μου»; ― Ti tha pei, «xéchasa tis askíseis mou»? ― What do you mean, “I forgot my homework”?
- (intransitive, figuratively) to remind of, mean something to
- Αυτό το όνομα δε μου λέει τίποτα. ― Aftó to ónoma de mou léei típota. ― That name means nothing to me.
- (intransitive, figuratively) to be any good, be worth anything
- Λέει τίποτα αυτό το κομπιούτερ; ― Léei típota aftó to kompioúter? ― Is this computer any good?
- (intransitive) to suggest, advise
- Λέω να πάμε μια βόλτα. ― Léo na páme mia vólta. ― I say that we should go for a walk.
- (transitive) to call (name someone or something)
- Με λένε Γιώργο. ― Me léne Giórgo. ― I am called Giorgos.
- Τον είπα βλάκα. ― Ton eípa vláka. ― I called him a fool.
- used with δεν (den), indicates something is slow to come:
- Αυτή η μέρα δεν λέει να τελειώσει. ― Aftí i méra den léei na teleiósei. ― This day doesn't want to end.
- (intransitive, often with να (na)) think (something will happen)
- Λες να μας προδώσει; ― Les na mas prodósei? ― Do you think he'll betray us?
- (transitive, colloquial) to read, explain (fortell using cards etc.)
Conjugation
editλέω/λέγω, λέγομαι
Active voice ➤ | Passive voice ➤ | |||
Indicative mood ➤ | Imperfective aspect ➤ | Perfective aspect ➤ | Imperfective aspect | Perfective aspect |
Non-past tenses ➤ | Present ➤ | Dependent ➤ | Present | Dependent |
1 sg | λέω, [λέγω] | πω | λέγομαι | ειπωθώ, λεχθώ |
2 sg | λες, [λέγεις] | πεις | λέγεσαι | ειπωθείς, λεχθείς |
3 sg | λέει, [λέγει] | πει | λέγεται1 | ειπωθεί, λεχθεί |
1 pl | λέμε, [λέγομε] | πούμε | λεγόμαστε | ειπωθούμε, λεχθούμε |
2 pl | λέτε, (λέγετε) | πείτε | λέγεστε, (λεγόσαστε), {λέγεσθε} | ειπωθείτε, λεχθείτε |
3 pl | λένε, λεν, [λέγουν(ε)] | πουν, (πούνε) | λέγονται | ειπωθούν(ε), λεχθούν(ε) |
Past tenses ➤ | Imperfect ➤ | Simple past ➤ | Imperfect | Simple past |
1 sg | έλεγα | είπα | λεγόμουν(α) | ειπώθηκα, λέχθηκα, [{ελέχθην}] |
2 sg | έλεγες | είπες | λεγόσουν(α) | ειπώθηκες, λέχθηκες, [{ελέχθης}] |
3 sg | έλεγε | είπε | λεγόταν(ε)1 | 1ειπώθηκε, λέχθηκε, {ελέχθη} |
1 pl | λέγαμε | είπαμε | λεγόμασταν, (‑όμαστε) | ειπωθήκαμε, λεχθήκαμε, [{ελέχθημεν}] |
2 pl | λέγατε | είπατε | λεγόσασταν, (‑όσαστε) | ειπωθήκατε, λεχθήκατε, [{ελέχθητε}] |
3 pl | έλεγαν, λέγαν(ε) | είπαν(ε) | λέγονταν, (λεγόντουσαν) | ειπώθηκαν, (ειπωθήκανε), λέχθηκαν, (λεχθήκανε), {ελέχθησαν} |
Future tenses ➤ | Continuous ➤ | Simple ➤ | Continuous | Simple |
1 sg | θα λέω, [θα λέγω] ➤ | θα πω ➤ | θα λέγομαι ➤ | θα ειπωθώ, θα λεχθώ ➤ |
2,3 sg, 1,2,3 pl | θα λες, …, [θα λέγεις], … | θα πεις, … | θα λέγεσαι, … | θα ειπωθείς, θα λεχθείς, … |
Perfect aspect ➤ | Perfect aspect | |||
Present perfect ➤ | έχω, έχεις, … πει | έχω, έχεις, … ειπωθεί / λεχθεί είμαι, είσαι, … ειπωμένος, ‑η, ‑ο / λεγμένος, ‑η, ‑ο ➤ | ||
Past perfect ➤ | είχα, είχες, … πει | είχα, είχες, … ειπωθεί / λεχθεί ήμουν, ήσουν, … ειπωμένος, ‑η, ‑ο / λεγμένος, ‑η, ‑ο | ||
Future perfect ➤ | θα έχω, θα έχεις, … πει | θα έχω, θα έχεις, … ειπωθεί / λεχθεί θα είμαι, θα είσαι, … ειπωμένος, ‑η, ‑ο / λεγμένος, ‑η, ‑ο | ||
Subjunctive mood ➤ | Formed using present, dependent (for simple past) or present perfect from above with a particle (να, ας). | |||
Imperative mood ➤ | Imperfective aspect | Perfective aspect | Imperfective aspect | Perfective aspect |
2 sg | λέγε | πες | — | |
2 pl | λέγετε, λέτε | πείτε, πέστε | λέγεστε | ειπωθείτε, λεχθείτε |
Other forms | Active voice | Passive voice | ||
Present participle➤ | λέγοντας ➤ | λεγόμενος, ‑η, ‑ο / (λεγάμενος, ‑η, ‑ο) ➤ | ||
Perfect participle➤ | έχοντας πει ➤ | ειπωμένος, ‑η, ‑ο / λεγμένος, ‑η, ‑ο ➤ | ||
Nonfinite form➤ | πει | ειπωθεί, λεχθεί | ||
Notes Appendix:Greek verbs |
1. Also as impersonal verb. • Also, formal past participle: o {λεχθείς}, η {λεχθείσα}, το {λεχθέν} • (…) optional or informal. […] rare. {…} learned, archaic. • Multiple forms are shown in order of reducing frequency. • Periphrastic imperative forms may be produced using the subjunctive. | |||
Synonyms
edit- (talk): μιλώ (miló)
- (converse): συζητώ (syzitó), κουβεντιάζω (kouventiázo)
- (recite): απαγγέλω (apangélo)
- (sing): τραγουδώ (tragoudó)
- (imagine): φαντάζομαι (fantázomai), σκέφτομαι (skéftomai)
- (refer to): αναφέρομαι (anaféromai)
- (mean, say): εννοώ (ennoó)
- (remind of): θυμίζω (thymízo)
- (be any good, be worth anything): αξίζω (axízo)
- (suggest, advise): προτείνω (proteíno)
- (name): ονομάζω (onomázo)
- (call): αποκαλώ (apokaló)
- (think): νομίζω (nomízo)
Derived terms
edit- πρωτολέω (protoléo, “say for the first time”)
- and see Derivatives of λέγω
Expressions:
- εγώ τα λέω, εγώ τα ακούω (egó ta léo, egó ta akoúo, “I might as well be talking to the wall”, literally “I say it, I hear it”)
- (για) να λέμε και του στραβού το δίκιο ((gia) na léme kai tou stravoú to díkio, “speaking honestly”)
- εδώ που τα λέμε (edó pou ta léme) (beginning of a phrase showing admission or confession)
- είπε ο γάιδαρος τον πετεινό κεφάλα (eípe o gáidaros ton peteinó kefála, “the pot calling the kettle black”, literally “The donkey called the rooster 'big head'”)
- εμένα μου λες; (eména mou les;, “you're telling me!”) (expressing disbelief, doubt)
- έχουμε και λέμε (échoume kai léme)
- θέλω να πω (thélo na po, “I mean”)
- και θα πεις κι ένα τραγούδι (kai tha peis ki éna tragoúdi, “you will do it anyway”)
- κάτι μας είπες (τώρα)! (káti mas eípes (tóra)!) (on being told a well-known fact)
- λεγόμενος (legómenos, “so-called”)
- λες και (les kai, “as if”, literally “say and”)
- λέω τα σύκα σύκα και τη σκάφη σκάφη (léo ta sýka sýka kai ti skáfi skáfi, “call a spade a spade”, literally “calling figs figs, and a trough a trough”) (synonym: λέω τα πράγματα με το όνομά τους)
- σου 'πα, μου 'πες (sou 'pa, mou 'pes, “this and that”) (evasive)
- τα λέμε (ta léme, “see you, bye”, literally “We say them”)
- τα λέω στον τοίχο (ta léo ston toícho, “I might as well be talking to the wall”)
Categories:
- Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Greek terms inherited from Ancient Greek
- Greek terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Greek lemmas
- Greek verbs
- Greek terms with usage examples
- Greek transitive verbs
- Greek intransitive verbs
- Greek colloquialisms
- Greek irregular verbs
- Greek irregular contracted verbs
- Greek suppletive verbs