जौहर

Hindi

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /d͡ʒɔː.ɦəɾ/, [d͡ʒɔː.ɦɐɾ]

Etymology 1

From Sanskrit *जतुगृह (jatugṛha). Compare Marwari जौहर (jauhar).

Noun

जौहर • (jauhar) m (Urdu spelling جوہر)

1. self-immolation on a pyre, especially that done by the Rajput women when facing capture, as men fought the final battle
2. funeral pyre

   Synonym: चिता (citā)

Declension

Declension of जौहर (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	जौहर jauhar	जौहर jauhar
oblique	जौहर jauhar	जौहरों jauharõ
vocative	जौहर jauhar	जौहरो jauharo

Derived terms

• जौहर करना (jauhar karnā, “to self-immolate”)
• जौहर होना (jauhar honā, “to die sacrificially”)

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic جَوْهَر (jawhar), from Early Classical Persian گوهر (gawhar), from Middle Persian gwhl (/⁠gōhr, gōhar⁠/, “substance, essence; jewel”). Compare Bengali জওহর (joōhor), Punjabi ਜੌਹਰ (jauhar).

Noun

जौहर • (jauhar) m (Urdu spelling جوہر)

1. jewel

   Synonym: रत्न (ratna)

2. essence, meaning
3. atom

   Synonyms: ज़र्रा (zarrā), परमाणु (parmāṇu)

Declension of जौहर (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	जौहर jauhar	जौहर, जवाहर, जवाहिर, जवाहिरात, जवाहरात jauhar, javāhar, javāhir, javāhirāt, javāharāt
oblique	जौहर jauhar	जौहरों, जवाहरों, जवाहिरों, जवाहिरातों, जवाहरातों jauharõ, javāharõ, javāhirõ, javāhirātõ, javāharātõ
vocative	जौहर jauhar	जौहरो, जवाहरो, जवाहिरो, जवाहिरातो, जवाहरातो jauharo, javāharo, javāhiro, javāhirāto, javāharāto

References

• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “जौहर”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press

Marwari

Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit *जतुघर (jatughara). Cognate with Hindustani جوہر / जौहर (jauhar).

Noun

जौहर (jauhar) m

1. (historical) jauhar (self-immolation on a pyre, especially that done by the Rajput women when facing capture, as men fought the final battle)

Descendants

• → Gujarati: જૌહર (jauhar)

Further reading

• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “*jatughara”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
• “जौहर”, in राजस्थानी सबदकोस, charans.org, 2024
• “जौहर”, in Marwari Dictionary, SIL International, 2015