-도록

See also: 도록

Korean

Etymology

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean ᄃᆞ〮록〮 (Yale: -tólwók). The suffix also appeared as the modern form 도〮록〮 (Yale: -twólwók) as far back as in the fifteenth century.

The Idu spelling 巴只 (*-twolwok) is attested from earlier.

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [to̞ɾo̞k̚]
Phonetic hangul: [도록]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization^?	dorok
Revised Romanization (translit.)^?	dolog
McCune–Reischauer^?	torok
Yale Romanization^?	tolok

Suffix

도록 • (-dorok)

so that, so as to: a suffix used to indicate a purpose, goal of a certain action.
죄송합니다. 앞으로 늦지 않도록 하 겠 습니다!
Joesonghamnida. Apeuro neutji antorok ha-get-seumnida!
I apologize. From now on, I will try (so as) not to be late!

우리 도 들 을 수 있도록 말 좀 크 게 해...
Uri-do deureul su itdorok mal jom keu-ge hae...
Speak up so that we can also hear you...
to: a suffix used to show a degree, extent of an action.
노래 를 죽도록 불렀어요.
Norae-reul jukdorok bulleosseoyo.
I sang to death.
until: a suffix used to indicate that an action lasted until a certain point in time (likely until a certain state has nearly finished).
밤늦도록 ― bamneutdorok ― until late at night

밤새도록 ― bamsaedorok ― until the morning came
a plain-style imperative suffix.

Usage notes

도록 (-dorok) is more common in the written language.
도록 (-dorok) is mostly interchangeable with 게 (-ge) with no significant difference in meaning except in the third sense, where 게 (-ge) would be considered grammatically incorrect.