adcí
Old Irish
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Celtic *adkʷiseti, from ad- + Proto-Celtic *kʷiseti, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷeys- (“to observe”), the only other reflex of which in Celtic is Gaulish pissiumi (“I will see”). Cognate with Sanskrit चायति (cā́yati, “perceives”), Old Avestan 𐬗𐬋𐬌𐬱𐬙 (cōišt, “assign, allocate”).
The deuterotonic augmented preterite (perfect) ad·condairc is from Proto-Celtic *darke, an ā-preterite restructured from Proto-Celtic *dedorke, from Proto-Indo-European *de-dórḱ-e, the perfect of Proto-Indo-European *derḱ- (“to see”).[1] Cognate with Sanskrit दृश् (dṛś, “to see”), Ancient Greek δέρκομαι (dérkomai, “(I) see, watch; shine”), Old English torht (“bright, clear”), Albanian dritë (“light”).
Pronunciation
editVerb
editad·cí (prototonic ·aicci, verbal noun aicsiu)
- to see, to behold
- to perceive
- (in passive) to seem, to appear
- c. 750, Preface to Saint Patrick's Breastplate, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus, (1901–03, Cambridge University Press; reprinted 1975, 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, 2:354–58:
- conid annsin atchessa fiad lucht na netarnade comtis aige alta ⁊ iarróe ina ndiaid .i. Benen
- And then it appeared before those lying in ambush that they were wild deer with a fawn (Benén) following them.
- c. 750, Preface to Saint Patrick's Breastplate, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus, (1901–03, Cambridge University Press; reprinted 1975, 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, 2:354–58:
For more quotations using this term, see Citations:adcí.
Usage notes
editad·cí is mostly immune to augmentation (with ro- or a similar preverb). For example, in the following dependent clause all three verbs are expected to have the potential augment:
- c. 9th century, Bethu Brigte, edited Donncha Ó hAodha (1978), lines 434-5 "Raga" ar Brigit, "conid·n-acar ⁊ conid·n-arladar ⁊ co·tarda bennacht form"
- "I shall go" said Brigit, "that I may see him (unaugm.) and that I may talk to him (augm.) and that he may bestow (augm.) a blessing upon me".
In the preterite however ad·condairc serves as the suppletive augmented form (perfect), but only in independent position! Other ro-forms, like ·airciu, ad·rodarcar, etc., meaning “can see”, “can be seen”, etc., are rare late forms.[2]
Conjugation
editDerived terms
editRelated terms
editDescendants
editMutation
edit| Old Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
| ad·cí | ad·chí | ad·cí pronounced with /-ɡ(ʲ)-/ |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | ||
References
edit- ^ Schumacher, Stefan, Schulze-Thulin, Britta (2004) “*-de-dork-/*-de-drik-”, in Die keltischen Primärverben: ein vergleichendes, etymologisches und morphologisches Lexikon (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft; 110) (in German), Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen der Universität Innsbruck, →ISBN, pages 270-71
- ^ McCone, Kim (1997) The Early Irish Verb (Maynooth Monographs 1), 2nd edition, Maynooth: An Sagart, →ISBN, page 146
Further reading
edit- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “ad·cí”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Irish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kʷeys-
- Old Irish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *derḱ-
- Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic
- Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- Old Irish terms prefixed with ad-
- Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Irish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Irish lemmas
- Old Irish verbs
- Old Irish terms with quotations
- Old Irish complex verbs
- Old Irish class A III present verbs
- Old Irish suffixless preterite verbs
- Old Irish i future verbs
- Old Irish e subjunctive verbs
- Old Irish suppletive verbs