pono

See also: poño

Hawaiian

Etymology

From Proto-Polynesian *pono, from Proto-Oceanic *bonor, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bənər (compare with Malay benar). Probably an innovation of Eastern Polynesian, with the similarity being accidental on account of final *-r.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpo.no/

Noun

pono

1. righteousness

   Ua mau ke ea o ka ʻāina i ka pono.

   The life of the land is perpetuated in righteousness.

2. morality, goodness, excellence
3. correct procedure, true nature, rights, duty
4. prosperity, well-being
5. property, supplies
6. use, purpose

Verb

pono

1. (stative) good, moral, proper
2. (stative) beneficial
3. (stative) should, must, necessary

Derived terms

• hoʻoponopono

Particle

pono

1. (preceding a word or term) careless, any old way

   Mai pono helu ʻoe, e helu pono!

   Don't count carelessly, count properly!

Latin

Etymology

From Old Latin *poznō, from Proto-Italic *pozinō. Equivalent to po- +‎ sinō.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈpoː.noː/, [ˈpoːnoː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈpo.no/, [ˈpɔːno]
• Hyphenation: po‧no

Verb

pōnō (present infinitive pōnere, perfect active posuī or posīvī, supine positum); third conjugation

1. to place, put, lay [with accusative ‘something’, along with in (+ ablative or (less common) accusative) ‘in/on something’ or adverb of place or (sometimes) ablative]

   Synonyms: collocō, statuō, locō, sistō, fīgō, cōnstituō, struō, impōnō, dēfīgō

   • 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 5.652:

     montibus hīs pōnunt spemque laremque suum

     on these hills they place their hope and their home

   • 405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Lucas.9.16:

     acceptis autem quinque panibus et duobus piscibus respexit in caelum et benedixit illis et fregit et distribuit discipulis suis ut ponerent ante turbas

     Then he took the five loaves and the two fishes, and looking up to heaven, he blessed them, and broke, and gave to the disciples to set before the multitude.

2. to ordain, appoint, make something

   Synonyms: indīcō, imperō, praescrībō, iniungō, praecipiō, ēdīcō, mandō, iubeō, dictō

3. to set up, pitch (camp)
4. to put away, leave off, dismiss, forego, lay down, surrender
5. to posit, offer, assume, suppose, depict

   Synonyms: dēserō, relinquō, omittō, dēdō, concēdō, dēcēdō, reddō, remittō, dēstituō, dēficiō, oblīvīscor, cēdō, permittō, dissimulō, trādō, addīcō, praetereō, neglegō, tribuō

Conjugation

Conjugation of pōnō (third conjugation)
indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	pōnō	pōnis	pōnit	pōnimus	pōnitis	pōnunt
	imperfect	pōnēbam	pōnēbās	pōnēbat	pōnēbāmus	pōnēbātis	pōnēbant
	future	pōnam	pōnēs	pōnet	pōnēmus	pōnētis	pōnent
	perfect	posuī	posuistī	posuit	posuimus	posuistis	posuērunt, posuēre
	pluperfect	posueram	posuerās	posuerat	posuerāmus	posuerātis	posuerant
	future perfect	posuerō	posueris	posuerit	posuerimus	posueritis	posuerint
passive	present	pōnor	pōneris, pōnere	pōnitur	pōnimur	pōniminī	pōnuntur
	imperfect	pōnēbar	pōnēbāris, pōnēbāre	pōnēbātur	pōnēbāmur	pōnēbāminī	pōnēbantur
	future	pōnar	pōnēris, pōnēre	pōnētur	pōnēmur	pōnēminī	pōnentur
	perfect	positus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	positus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	positus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	pōnam	pōnās	pōnat	pōnāmus	pōnātis	pōnant
	imperfect	pōnerem	pōnerēs	pōneret	pōnerēmus	pōnerētis	pōnerent
	perfect	posuerim	posuerīs	posuerit	posuerīmus	posuerītis	posuerint
	pluperfect	posuissem	posuissēs	posuisset	posuissēmus	posuissētis	posuissent
passive	present	pōnar	pōnāris, pōnāre	pōnātur	pōnāmur	pōnāminī	pōnantur
	imperfect	pōnerer	pōnerēris, pōnerēre	pōnerētur	pōnerēmur	pōnerēminī	pōnerentur
	perfect	positus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	positus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	pōne	—	—	pōnite	—
	future	—	pōnitō	pōnitō	—	pōnitōte	pōnuntō
passive	present	—	pōnere	—	—	pōniminī	—
	future	—	pōnitor	pōnitor	—	—	pōnuntor
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		pōnere	posuisse	positūrum esse	pōnī	positum esse	positum īrī
participles		pōnēns	—	positūrus	—	positus	pōnendus, pōnundus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		pōnendī	pōnendō	pōnendum	pōnendō	positum	positū

Derived terms

• antepōnō
• appōnō
• circumpōnō
• compōnō
• contrāpōnō
• dēpōnō
• depono
• dispōnō
• expōnō
• impōnō
• interpōnō
• oppōnō
• pōnēns
• postis
• postpōnō
• praepōnō
• prōpōnō
• repōnō
• sēpōnō
• superimpōnō
• superpōnō
• suppōnō
• trānspōnō

Related terms

• antepositus
• appositus, appositiō
• circumpositus
• compositus, compositiō
• dēpositus, dēpositiō
• dispositus, dispositiō
• expositus, expositiō
• impositus, impositiō
• interpositus, interpositiō
• oppositus, oppositiō
• positus, positiō
• postpositus
• praepositus, praepositiō
• prōpositus, prōpositiō
• repositus, repositiō
• sēpositus
• superpositus
• suppositus, suppositiō
• trānspositus

Descendants

• Aromanian: pun
• Asturian: poner
• Catalan: pondre
• French: pondre
• Friulian: poni, pondi, pogni
• Galician: poñer, pór
• Italian: porre
• Occitan: pónder, pondre
• Portuguese: pôr
• Romanian: pune, punere
• Sardinian: pòniri, pònnere, pònni, pònniri
• Sicilian: pùniri
• Spanish: poner
• Venetan: poner, ponder, pondar
• Walloon: ponre

References

• “pono”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “pono”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• pono in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to offer a prize (for the winner): praemium ponere
    
  • to set up a statue in some one's honour: statuam alicui ponere, constituere
    
  • to apply oneself zealously, diligently to a thing: studium, industriam (not diligentiam) collocare, ponere in aliqua re
    
  • to throw doubt upon a thing: in dubio ponere
    
  • to cite a person or a thing as an example: aliquem (aliquid) exempli causa ponere, proferre, nominare, commemorare
    
  • it is a debated point whether... or..: in contentione ponitur, utrum...an
    
  • to bring a thing vividly before the eyes: ante oculos ponere aliquid
    
  • to give a general idea of a thing: in uno conspectu ponere aliquid
    
  • to make a short survey of a thing: in brevi conspectu ponere aliquid
    
  • to publish, make public: in medio ponere (proponere)
    
  • to propose, set a theme: ponere
    
  • to set some one a theme for discussion: ponere alicui, de quo disputet
    
  • to let those present fix any subject they like for discussion: ponere iubere, qua de re quis audire velit (Fin. 2. 1. 1)
    
  • to propose a subject of debate, put a question: quaestionem ponere, proponere
    
  • to lay down a book (vid. sect. XII. 3, note vestem deponere...): librum de manibus ponere
    
  • to set one's hope on some one: spem suam ponere, collocare in aliquo
    
  • to put confidence in some one: fiduciam in aliquo ponere, collocare
    
  • to consider virtue the highest good: summum bonum in virtute ponere
    
  • to place some one in ambush: aliquem in insidiis locare, collocare, ponere
    
  • to undress: vestem ponere (exuere)
    
  • to set food before a person: cibum apponere, ponere alicui
    
  • to consider a thing as profit: in lucro ponere aliquid (Flacc. 17. 40)
    
  • to pile arms (cf. sect. XII. 3, note vestem deponere...): arma ponere (not deponere)
    
  • to place a close line of sentry-posts: vigilias crebras ponere (Sall. Iug. 45. 2)
    
  • to encamp: castra ponere, locare
    
  • (ambiguous) to be favourably situated: opportuno loco situm or positum esse
    
  • (ambiguous) to fail to see what lies before one: quod ante pedes est or positum est, non videre
    
  • (ambiguous) to depend upon a thing: positum, situm esse in aliqua re
    
  • (ambiguous) to be in a person's power: in manu, in potestate alicuius situm, positum esse
    
  • (ambiguous) to consider a thing beneath one's dignity: aliquid infra se ducere or infra se positum arbitrari
    
  • (ambiguous) it is a matter of conjecture, supposition: aliquid in coniectura positum est
    
  • (ambiguous) we start by presupposing that..: positum est a nobis primum (c. Acc. c. Inf.)
    
  • (ambiguous) to occupy a very high position in the state: in altissimo dignitatis gradu collocatum, locatum, positum esse
    

Further reading

• “pono”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press

Lingala

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *pòon.

Verb

pono

1. to choose, to pick
2. to prefer

Maori

Etymology

From Proto-Polynesian *pono, from Proto-Oceanic *bonor, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bənər (compare with Malay benar). Probably an innovation of Eastern Polynesian, with the similarity being accidental on account of final *-r.

Noun

pono

1. truth, non-fiction, validity

   Kua kitea e mātou te pono o aua kupu.

   We have seen the truth of those words.

Adjective

pono

1. true, valid, honest, genuine, sincere

   Mehemea he pono te aroha o te tangata ki te wahine, o te wahine rānei ki te tāne, e kore rawa e mātoke, ahakoa whakararurarutia e ngā whanaunga engari ka kaha kē atu.

   If a man truly loves a woman, or vice versa, it will not go cold, and despite problems caused by relatives it will become stronger.

Polish

Alternative forms

• póny (Central Greater Poland)

Etymology

Clipping of podobno.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpɔ.nɔ/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɔnɔ
• Syllabification: po‧no

Particle

pono

1. (archaic) apparently, reputedly, supposedly

   Synonyms: podobno, ponoć

Further reading

• pono in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• pono in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Portuguese

Verb

pono

1. Eye dialect spelling of pondo, representing Northeast Brazil Portuguese.