Teresa Wright: Difference between revisions
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| occupation = Actress |
| occupation = Actress |
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| years_active = 1941–1997 |
| years_active = 1941–1997 |
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| spouse = {{marriage|[[Niven Busch]]|1942|1952|reason=divorced}} |
| spouse = {{plainlist| |
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* {{marriage|[[Niven Busch]]|1942|1952|reason=divorced}} |
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* {{marriage|[[Robert Anderson (playwright)|Robert Anderson]]|1959|1978|reason=divorced}} |
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}} |
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| children = 2 |
| children = 2 |
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}} |
}} |
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'''Muriel Teresa Wright''' (October 27, 1918 – March 6, 2005) was an American actress. She |
'''Muriel Teresa Wright''' (October 27, 1918 – March 6, 2005) was an American actress. She won the 1942 [[Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress]] for her role as Carol Beldon in ''[[Mrs. Miniver]]''. She was nominated for the same award in 1941 for her debut work in ''[[The Little Foxes (film)|The Little Foxes]]''. Also in 1942, she received a nomination for the [[Academy Award for Best Actress]] for her performance in ''[[The Pride of the Yankees]]'', opposite [[Gary Cooper]]. She is also known for her performances in [[Alfred Hitchcock]]'s ''[[Shadow of a Doubt]]'' (1943), and in [[William Wyler]]'s ''[[The Best Years of Our Lives]]'' (1946). |
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Wright received three [[Emmy Award]] nominations for her performances in the ''Playhouse 90'' original television version of ''[[The Miracle Worker]]'' (1957), in the Breck Sunday Showcase feature ''The [[Margaret Bourke-White]] Story'', and in the CBS drama series ''[[Dolphin Cove (TV series)|Dolphin Cove]]'' (1989). She earned the acclaim of top film directors, including [[William Wyler]], who called her the most promising actress he had directed,<ref name="washpost-bernstein"/> and Alfred Hitchcock, who admired her thorough preparation and quiet professionalism.{{sfn|Spoto|1983|p=259}} |
Wright received three [[Emmy Award]] nominations for her performances in the ''Playhouse 90'' original television version of ''[[The Miracle Worker]]'' (1957), in the Breck Sunday Showcase feature ''The [[Margaret Bourke-White]] Story'', and in the CBS drama series ''[[Dolphin Cove (TV series)|Dolphin Cove]]'' (1989). She earned the acclaim of top film directors, including [[William Wyler]], who called her the most promising actress he had directed,<ref name="washpost-bernstein"/> and Alfred Hitchcock, who admired her thorough preparation and quiet professionalism.{{sfn|Spoto|1983|p=259}} |
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==Early life== |
==Early life== |
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Muriel Teresa Wright was born on October 27, 1918, in |
Muriel Teresa Wright was born on October 27, 1918, in New York City,<ref name="independent-vallance"/> the daughter of Martha Espy and Arthur Hendricksen Wright, an insurance agent.{{cn|date=September 2023}}{{sfn|Spoto|2016|pp=12–15}} Her parents separated when she was young. She grew up in [[Maplewood, New Jersey]], where she attended [[Columbia High School (New Jersey)|Columbia High School]].<ref name="independent-vallance"/> After seeing [[Helen Hayes]] star in ''Victoria Regina'' at the Broadhurst Theatre in New York City in 1936, Wright took an interest in acting and began playing leading roles in school plays.<ref name="nytimes-martin"/> |
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Wright earned a scholarship to the Wharf Theater in [[Provincetown, Massachusetts|Provincetown]], Massachusetts, where she was an apprentice for two summers.<ref name="independent-vallance"/><ref name="nytimes-martin"/> Following her high school graduation in 1938, she went to New York, shortened her name to "Teresa Wright", and was hired as understudy to [[Dorothy McGuire]] and [[Martha Scott]] for the role of Emily in [[Thornton Wilder]]'s stage production of ''[[Our Town]]'' at [[Stephen Sondheim Theatre|Henry Miller's Theatre]].{{cn|date=September 2023}} Wright took over the role when Scott left for Hollywood to film the on-screen version of the play.<ref name="independent-vallance"/> |
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==Acting career== |
==Acting career== |
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{{blockquote|The aforementioned Teresa Wright shall not be required to pose for photographs in a bathing suit unless she is in the water. Neither may she be photographed running on the beach with her hair flying in the wind. Nor may she pose in any of the following situations: In shorts, playing with a cocker spaniel; digging in a garden; whipping up a meal; attired in firecrackers and holding skyrockets for the Fourth of July; looking insinuatingly at a turkey for Thanksgiving; wearing a bunny cap with long ears for Easter; twinkling on prop snow in a skiing outfit while a fan blows her scarf; assuming an athletic stance while pretending to hit something with a bow and arrow.<ref name="guardian-bergan"/>}} |
{{blockquote|The aforementioned Teresa Wright shall not be required to pose for photographs in a bathing suit unless she is in the water. Neither may she be photographed running on the beach with her hair flying in the wind. Nor may she pose in any of the following situations: In shorts, playing with a cocker spaniel; digging in a garden; whipping up a meal; attired in firecrackers and holding skyrockets for the Fourth of July; looking insinuatingly at a turkey for Thanksgiving; wearing a bunny cap with long ears for Easter; twinkling on prop snow in a skiing outfit while a fan blows her scarf; assuming an athletic stance while pretending to hit something with a bow and arrow.<ref name="guardian-bergan"/>}} |
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In 1941, Wright was nominated for the [[Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress]] for her film début in ''[[The Little Foxes (film)|The Little Foxes]]''. The following year, she was nominated again, this time for [[Academy Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] for ''[[The Pride of the Yankees]]'', in which she played opposite [[Gary Cooper]] as the wife of [[Lou Gehrig]]. The same year, she won the [[Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress]] as the daughter-in-law of [[Greer Garson]]'s character in ''[[Mrs. Miniver]]''. Wright is the first out of only nine actors who have been nominated in both categories in the same year.<ref name="independent-vallance"/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/39420048/the_poststandard/|title=The Star Nobody Knows|newspaper=The Post-Standard|date=March 30, 1947|location=Syracuse, New York|page=32}}</ref> Her three Academy Award nominations and one Academy Award in her first three films is unique.<ref name="latimes-oliver"/> She remains the only performer to have received Academy Award nominations for her first three films.<ref name="altfilm-soares"/> |
In 1941, Wright was nominated for the [[Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress]] for her film début in ''[[The Little Foxes (film)|The Little Foxes]]''. The following year, she was nominated again, this time for [[Academy Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] for ''[[The Pride of the Yankees]]'', in which she played opposite [[Gary Cooper]] as the wife of [[Lou Gehrig]]. The same year, she won the [[Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress]] as the daughter-in-law of [[Greer Garson]]'s character in ''[[Mrs. Miniver]]''. Wright is the first out of only nine actors who have been nominated in both categories in the same year.<ref name="independent-vallance"/><ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/39420048/the_poststandard/| title=The Star Nobody Knows| newspaper=The Post-Standard| date=March 30, 1947| location=Syracuse, New York| page=32}}</ref> Her three Academy Award nominations and one Academy Award in her first three films is unique.<ref name="latimes-oliver"/> She remains the only performer to have received Academy Award nominations for her first three films.<ref name="altfilm-soares"/> |
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In 1943, Wright appeared in the acclaimed [[Universal Studios|Universal]] film ''[[Shadow of a Doubt]]'', directed by [[Alfred Hitchcock]], playing a young woman who discovers her beloved uncle (played by [[Joseph Cotten]]) is a serial murderer. Hitchcock thought Wright was one of the more intelligent actors he had worked with, and through his direction brought out her vivacity, warmth, and youthful idealism—characteristics uncommon in Hitchcock's heroines.<ref name="guardian-bergan"/> In 1946, Wright delivered another notable performance in [[William Wyler]]'s ''[[The Best Years of Our Lives]]'', an award-winning film about the adjustments of servicemen returning home after World War II. Critic [[James Agee]] praised her performance in ''The Nation'': |
In 1943, Wright appeared in the acclaimed [[Universal Studios|Universal]] film ''[[Shadow of a Doubt]]'', directed by [[Alfred Hitchcock]], playing a young woman who discovers her beloved uncle (played by [[Joseph Cotten]]) is a serial murderer. Hitchcock thought Wright was one of the more intelligent actors he had worked with, and through his direction brought out her vivacity, warmth, and youthful idealism—characteristics uncommon in Hitchcock's heroines.<ref name="guardian-bergan"/> In 1946, Wright delivered another notable performance in [[William Wyler]]'s ''[[The Best Years of Our Lives]]'', an award-winning film about the adjustments of servicemen returning home after World War II. Critic [[James Agee]] praised her performance in ''The Nation'': |
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Four years later, she would appear in another story of war veterans, [[Fred Zinnemann]]'s ''[[The Men (1950 film)|The Men]]'' (1950), which starred [[Marlon Brando]] in his film debut.<ref name="guardian-bergan"/> In 1947, Wright appeared in the western ''[[Pursued]]'' opposite [[Robert Mitchum]]. The moody "Freudian western" was written by her first husband [[Niven Busch]]. The following year, she starred in ''[[Enchantment (1948 film)|Enchantment]]'', a story of two generations of lovers in parallel romances. Wright received glowing reviews for her performance. ''Newsweek'' commented: "Miss Wright, one of the screen's finest, glows as the Cinderella who captivated three men." And ''The New York Times'' concluded: "Teresa Wright plays with that breathless, bright-eyed rapture which she so remarkably commands."<ref name="independent-vallance"/> |
Four years later, she would appear in another story of war veterans, [[Fred Zinnemann]]'s ''[[The Men (1950 film)|The Men]]'' (1950), which starred [[Marlon Brando]] in his film debut.<ref name="guardian-bergan"/> In 1947, Wright appeared in the western ''[[Pursued]]'' opposite [[Robert Mitchum]]. The moody "Freudian western" was written by her first husband [[Niven Busch]]. The following year, she starred in ''[[Enchantment (1948 film)|Enchantment]]'', a story of two generations of lovers in parallel romances. Wright received glowing reviews for her performance. ''Newsweek'' commented: "Miss Wright, one of the screen's finest, glows as the Cinderella who captivated three men." And ''The New York Times'' concluded: "Teresa Wright plays with that breathless, bright-eyed rapture which she so remarkably commands."<ref name="independent-vallance"/> |
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In December 1948, after rebelling against the [[studio system]] that brought her fame, |
In December 1948, after rebelling against the [[studio system]] that brought her fame, Wright had a public falling out with Samuel Goldwyn, which resulted in the cancellation of Wright's contract with his studio. In a statement published in ''The New York Times'', Goldwyn cited as reasons her refusal to publicize the film ''Enchantment'', and her being "uncooperative" and refusing to "follow reasonable instructions".<ref name="reel-classics-tw"/> In her written response, Wright denied Goldwyn's charges and expressed no regret over losing her $5,000 per week contract. |
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{{blockquote|I would like to say that I never refused to perform the services required of me; I was unable to perform them because of ill health. I accept Mr. Goldwyn's termination of my contract without protest—in fact, with relief. The types of contracts standardized in the motion picture industry between players and producers are archaic in form and absurd in concept. I am determined never to set my name to another one ... I have worked for Mr. Goldwyn seven years because I consider him a great producer, and he has paid me well, but in the future I shall gladly work for less if by doing so I can retain my hold upon the common decencies without which the most glorified job becomes intolerable.<ref name="reel-classics-tw"/><ref name="legacy-two"/>}} |
{{blockquote|I would like to say that I never refused to perform the services required of me; I was unable to perform them because of ill health. I accept Mr. Goldwyn's termination of my contract without protest—in fact, with relief. The types of contracts standardized in the motion picture industry between players and producers are archaic in form and absurd in concept. I am determined never to set my name to another one ... I have worked for Mr. Goldwyn seven years because I consider him a great producer, and he has paid me well, but in the future I shall gladly work for less if by doing so I can retain my hold upon the common decencies without which the most glorified job becomes intolerable.<ref name="reel-classics-tw"/><ref name="legacy-two"/>}} |
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[[File:The Capture (1950) 1.jpg|thumb|right|Wright and Lew Ayres in ''The Capture'' (1950)]] |
[[File:The Capture (1950) 1.jpg|thumb|right|Wright and Lew Ayres in ''The Capture'' (1950)]] |
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In the 1950s, Wright appeared in several unsuccessful films, including ''[[The Capture (film)|The Capture]]'' (1950), ''[[Something to Live For (film)|Something to Live For]]'' (1952), ''[[California Conquest]]'' (1952), ''[[The Steel Trap]]'' (1952), ''[[Count the Hours]]'' (1953), ''[[The Actress]]'' (1953) |
In the 1950s, Wright appeared in several unsuccessful films, including ''[[The Capture (film)|The Capture]]'' (1950), ''[[Something to Live For (film)|Something to Live For]]'' (1952), ''[[California Conquest]]'' (1952), ''[[The Steel Trap]]'' (1952), ''[[Count the Hours]]'' (1953), ''[[The Actress]]'' (1953) and ''[[Track of the Cat (film)|Track of the Cat]]'' (1954), opposite [[Robert Mitchum]] again.{{cn|date=September 2023}} Despite the poor box-office showing of these films, Wright was usually praised for her performances.<ref name="independent-vallance"/> Toward the end of the decade, Wright began to work more frequently in television and theatre. She received [[Emmy Award]] nominations for her performances in the ''Playhouse 90'' original television version of ''The Miracle Worker'' (1957) and in the Breck Sunday Showcase feature ''The Margaret Bourke-White Story'' (1960).{{cn|date=September 2023}} In 1955 she played Doris Walker in ''[[The 20th Century-Fox Hour]]'' remake of the 1947 movie ''[[Miracle on 34th Street]]'', opposite [[MacDonald Carey]] and [[Thomas Mitchell (actor)|Thomas Mitchell]]. In 1957, she starred on Broadway in ''[[The Dark at the Top of the Stairs]]'' by [[William Inge]]. Directed by [[Elia Kazan]], it ran for 468 performances. |
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On February 8, 1960, Wright was inducted to the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] with two stars: one for motion pictures at 1658 Vine Street and one for television at 6405 Hollywood Boulevard.<ref name="walk-of-fame"/> |
On February 8, 1960, Wright was inducted to the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] with two stars: one for motion pictures at 1658 Vine Street, and one for television at 6405 Hollywood Boulevard.<ref name="walk-of-fame"/> |
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In the 1960s, Wright returned to the New York stage appearing in three plays: ''[[Mary, Mary (play)|Mary, Mary]]'' (1962) at the Helen Hayes Theatre in the role of Mary McKellaway, ''I Never Sang for My Father'' (1968) at the Longacre Theatre in the role of Alice, and ''Who's Happy Now?'' (1969) at the Village South Theatre in the role of Mary Hallen. During this period, she toured throughout the United States in stage productions of ''Mary, Mary'' (1962), ''[[Tchin-Tchin]]'' (1963) in the role of Pamela Pew-Picket, and ''[[The Locksmith (play)|The Locksmith]]'' (1965) in the role of Katherine Butler Hathaway. In addition to her stage work, Wright made numerous television appearances throughout the decade, including episodes for ''[[The Alfred Hitchcock Hour]]'' (1964) on CBS, ''[[Bonanza]]'' (1964) on NBC, ''[[The Defenders (1961 TV series)|The Defenders]]'' (1964, 1965) on CBS |
In the 1960s, Wright returned to the New York stage appearing in three plays: ''[[Mary, Mary (play)|Mary, Mary]]'' (1962) at the Helen Hayes Theatre in the role of Mary McKellaway, ''I Never Sang for My Father'' (1968) at the Longacre Theatre in the role of Alice, and ''Who's Happy Now?'' (1969) at the Village South Theatre in the role of Mary Hallen. During this period, she toured throughout the United States in stage productions of ''Mary, Mary'' (1962), ''[[Tchin-Tchin]]'' (1963) in the role of Pamela Pew-Picket, and ''[[The Locksmith (play)|The Locksmith]]'' (1965) in the role of Katherine Butler Hathaway. In addition to her stage work, Wright made numerous television appearances throughout the decade, including episodes for ''[[The Alfred Hitchcock Hour]]'' (1964) on CBS, ''[[Bonanza]]'' (1964) on NBC, ''[[The Defenders (1961 TV series)|The Defenders]]'' (1964, 1965) on CBS and ''[[CBS Playhouse]]'' (1969).{{cn|date=September 2023}} |
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In 1975, Wright appeared in the Broadway revival of ''[[Death of a Salesman]]'', and in 1980, appeared in the revival of ''[[Morning's at Seven]]'', for which she won a [[Drama Desk Award]] as a member of the Outstanding Ensemble Performance. |
In 1975, Wright appeared in the Broadway revival of ''[[Death of a Salesman]]'', and in 1980, appeared in the revival of ''[[Morning's at Seven]]'', for which she won a [[Drama Desk Award]] as a member of the Outstanding Ensemble Performance. |
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She appeared on ''The Love Boat'' S6 E11 "A Christmas Presence" as Sister Regina, who foils a con man's scheme to smuggle stolen gold molded as a painted creche scene. The episode aired on 12/18/1982. In 1989, she received her third Emmy Award nomination for her performance in the CBS drama series ''[[Dolphin Cove (TV series)|Dolphin Cove]]''.{{cn|date=September 2023}} She also appeared in ''[[Murder, She Wrote]]'' in the episode "Mr. Penroy's Vacation". Her last television role was in an episode of the CBS drama series ''[[Picket Fences]]'' in 1996.{{Citation needed |date=March 2020}} |
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⚫ | Wright's later film appearances included a major role in ''[[Somewhere in Time (film)|Somewhere in Time]]'' (1980), the grandmother in ''[[The Good Mother (1988 film)|The Good Mother]]'' (1988) with [[Diane Keaton]], and her final role as Miss Birdie in [[John Grisham]]'s ''[[The Rainmaker (1997 film)|The Rainmaker]]'' (1997), directed by [[Francis Ford Coppola]]. |
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⚫ | Wright's later film appearances included a major role in ''[[Somewhere in Time (film)|Somewhere in Time]]'' (1980), the grandmother in ''[[The Good Mother (1988 film)|The Good Mother]]'' (1988) with [[Diane Keaton]], and her final role as Miss Birdie in [[John Grisham]]'s ''[[The Rainmaker (1997 film)|The Rainmaker]]'' (1997), directed by [[Francis Ford Coppola]]. |
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==Personal life== |
==Personal life== |
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Wright was married to writer [[Niven Busch]] from 1942 to 1952. They had two children: a son, Niven Terence Busch, born December 2, 1944; and a daughter, Mary-Kelly Busch, born September 12, 1947.<ref name=" |
Wright was married to writer [[Niven Busch]] from 1942 to 1952. They had two children: a son, Niven Terence Busch, born December 2, 1944; and a daughter, Mary-Kelly Busch, born September 12, 1947.<ref name="washpost-bernstein" /> She married playwright [[Robert Anderson (screenwriter)|Robert Anderson]] in 1959.<ref>{{cite magazine |date=1959-12-21 |title=Milestones, Dec. 21, 1959 |language=en-US |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |url=https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,865166,00.html |access-date=2023-01-07 |issn=0040-781X}}</ref> They divorced in 1978, but maintained a close relationship until the end of her life. |
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In her last decade, Wright lived quietly in her New England home in the town of [[Bridgewater, Connecticut]], in [[Litchfield County]], appearing occasionally at film festivals and forums and at events associated with the New York Yankees. In 1996, she reminisced about Alfred Hitchcock at the [[Edinburgh International Film Festival]], and in 2003, she appeared on the Academy Awards show in a segment honoring previous Oscar-winners.<ref name="independent-vallance" /> |
In her last decade, Wright lived quietly in her New England home in the town of [[Bridgewater, Connecticut]], in [[Litchfield County]], appearing occasionally at film festivals and forums and at events associated with the New York Yankees. In 1996, she reminisced about Alfred Hitchcock at the [[Edinburgh International Film Festival]], and in 2003, she appeared on the Academy Awards show in a segment honoring previous Oscar-winners.<ref name="independent-vallance" /> |
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Her daughter, Mary-Kelly, is an author of books for children and young adults.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mary-Kelly Busch|url=http://www.marykellybusch.com|access-date=February 7, 2018}}</ref> Wright has two grandchildren, one of whom, Jonah Smith,<!--- the movie producer (IMDB name 0808819) not the reality singer from America’s Got Talent (IMDB name 7289156) ---> co-produced [[Darren Aronofsky]]'s films ''[[Pi (film)|Pi]]'' (1998) and ''[[Requiem for a Dream]]'' (2000). In 1998, Smith accompanied Wright on her first visit to [[Yankee Stadium (1923)|Yankee Stadium]] when she was invited to throw the ceremonial first pitch. Her appearance in ''Pride of the Yankees'' had sparked an interest in baseball and led her to become a Yankees fan. |
Her daughter, Mary-Kelly, is an author of books for children and young adults.<ref>{{cite web| title=Welcome| website=Mary-Kelly Busch| url=http://www.marykellybusch.com| access-date=February 7, 2018}}</ref> Wright has two grandchildren, one of whom, Jonah Smith,<!--- the movie producer (IMDB name 0808819) not the reality singer from America’s Got Talent (IMDB name 7289156) ---> co-produced [[Darren Aronofsky]]'s films ''[[Pi (film)|Pi]]'' (1998) and ''[[Requiem for a Dream]]'' (2000). In 1998, Smith accompanied Wright on her first visit to [[Yankee Stadium (1923)|Yankee Stadium]] when she was invited to throw the ceremonial first pitch. Her appearance in ''Pride of the Yankees'' had sparked an interest in baseball and led her to become a Yankees fan. |
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==Death and legacy== |
==Death and legacy== |
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When the roll call of former Yankees who had died was announced at Old Timer's Day on July 5, 2005, Wright's name was read among the ballplayers and members of the Yankees family. |
When the roll call of former Yankees who had died was announced at Old Timer's Day on July 5, 2005, Wright's name was read among the ballplayers and members of the Yankees family. |
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''A Girl's Got to Breathe: The Life of Teresa Wright'' by Donald Spoto was published in February 2016. Spoto was a close friend to Wright for more than 30 years and was given exclusive access by her family to her papers and correspondence |
''A Girl's Got to Breathe: The Life of Teresa Wright'' by [[Donald Spoto]] was published in February 2016. Spoto was a close friend to Wright for more than 30 years, and was given exclusive access by her family to her papers and correspondence.<ref>[https://www.proquest.com/docview/1747779692 "Review: A Girl's Got to Breathe: The Life of Teresa Wright, University Press of Mississippi Donald Spoto"]. ''Publishers Weekly''. December 7, 2015. "Prolific celebrity biographer Spoto (The Redgraves: A Family Epic) paints an engaging and intimate portrait of Oscar-winning actor Teresa Wright." Retrieved March 18, 2022.</ref><ref>Rees, Stephen (February 1, 2016). [https://www.proquest.com/docview/1759012167 "Performing Arts; Review: Spoto, Donald. A Girl's Got To Breathe: The Life of Teresa Wright'"]. ''Library Journal''. "VERDICT This affectionate tribute to a shamefully neglected talent benefits greatly from the insights of Wright's children and friends. With the performer's views on Marlon Brando, Sterling Hayden, and notable American directors and playwrights, it is recommended for students of American film and theater." Retrieved March 18, 2022.</ref> |
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==Filmography== |
==Filmography== |
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|1954 |
|1954 |
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|''[[Track of the Cat]]'' |
|''[[Track of the Cat (film)|Track of the Cat]]'' |
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|Grace Bridges |
|Grace Bridges |
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|[[William A. Wellman]] |
|[[William A. Wellman]] |
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|Marion Brown |
|Marion Brown |
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|[[Joseph M. Newman|Joseph Newman]] |
|[[Joseph M. Newman|Joseph Newman]] |
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|Episode: "Three Wives Too Many" |
|Season 2 Episode 12: "Three Wives Too Many" |
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|<ref name="tcm-tw"/> |
|<ref name="tcm-tw"/> |
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|- |
|- |
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|Stella |
|Stella |
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|[[Harvey Hart]] |
|[[Harvey Hart]] |
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|Episode: "Lonely Place" |
|Season 3 Episode 6: "Lonely Place" |
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|<ref name="tcm-tw"/> |
|<ref name="tcm-tw"/> |
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|- |
|- |
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|Katherine Saunders |
|Katherine Saunders |
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|[[William F. Claxton]] |
|[[William F. Claxton]] |
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|Episode: "My Son, My Son" |
|Season 5 Episode 16: "My Son, My Son" |
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|<ref name="tcm-tw"/> |
|<ref name="tcm-tw"/> |
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|<ref name="tcm-tw"/> |
|<ref name="tcm-tw"/> |
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|- |
|- |
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|1974 |
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|1973 |
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|''[[Hawkins (TV series)|Hawkins]]'' |
|''[[Hawkins (TV series)|Hawkins]]'' |
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| |
| |
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|[[Jud Taylor]] |
|[[Jud Taylor]] |
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|Episode "Murder on the 13th Floor" |
|Season 1 Episode 6: "Murder on the 13th Floor" |
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|- |
|- |
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|1974 |
|1974 |
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|1988 |
|1988 |
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|''{{sortname|The|Good Mother|dab=1988 film}}'' |
|''{{sortname|The|Good Mother|dab=1988 film}}'' |
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|Eleanor |
|Eleanor, Grandmother |
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|[[Leonard Nimoy]] |
|[[Leonard Nimoy]] |
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|TV movie |
|TV movie |
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|<ref name="tcm-tw"/> |
|<ref name="tcm-tw"/> |
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|- |
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|1990 |
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|''[[The Exorcist III]]'' |
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|Penitent |
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|[[William Peter Blatty]] |
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|Cameo, uncredited |
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|1993 |
|1993 |
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{{Reflist|refs= |
{{Reflist|refs= |
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<ref name="altfilm-soares">{{cite web|last=Soares |first=Andre |title=Teresa Wright | |
<ref name="altfilm-soares">{{cite web |last=Soares |first=Andre |title=Teresa Wright |website=Reel Classics |url=http://www.altfg.com/blog/actors/teresa-wright/ |access-date=February 27, 2016}}</ref> |
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<ref name="resting">{{ |
<ref name="resting">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7-DgDAAAQBAJ&dq=teresa+wright+evergreen&pg=PA828 |title=Resting Places: The Burial Sites of More Than 14,000 Famous Persons |edition=3d |first=Scott |last=Wilson |date=August 22, 2016 |publisher=McFarland |isbn=978-0-7864-7992-4 |via=Google Books}}</ref> |
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<ref name="guardian-bergan">{{cite news|last=Bergan |first=Ronald |title=Teresa Wright: Hollywood star with a tenacious spirit, on and off the screen |newspaper=The Guardian |date=March 8, 2005 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2005/mar/09/guardianobituaries.artsobituaries |access-date=February 27, 2016}}</ref> |
<ref name="guardian-bergan">{{cite news |last=Bergan |first=Ronald |title=Teresa Wright: Hollywood star with a tenacious spirit, on and off the screen |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |location=London |date=March 8, 2005 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2005/mar/09/guardianobituaries.artsobituaries |access-date=February 27, 2016}}</ref> |
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<ref name="independent-vallance">{{cite news|last=Vallance |first=Tom |title=Teresa Wright: Actress of 'breathless, bright-eyed rapture' |newspaper=Independent |date=March 31, 2005 |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/teresa-wright-485727.html |access-date=February 27, 2016}}</ref> |
<ref name="independent-vallance">{{cite news |last=Vallance |first=Tom |title=Teresa Wright: Actress of 'breathless, bright-eyed rapture' |newspaper=[[The Independent]] |location=London |date=March 31, 2005 |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/teresa-wright-485727.html |access-date=February 27, 2016}}</ref> |
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<ref name="latimes-oliver">{{cite news|last=Oliver |first=Myrna |title=Teresa Wright, 86; Was Nominated for an Oscar in Each of 1st 3 Films |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |url= |
<ref name="latimes-oliver">{{cite news |last=Oliver |first=Myrna |title=Teresa Wright, 86; Was Nominated for an Oscar in Each of 1st 3 Films |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2005-mar-09-me-wright9-story.html |access-date=February 27, 2016}}</ref> |
||
<ref name="legacy-two">{{cite web|title=Teresa Wright Obituary | |
<ref name="legacy-two">{{cite web |title=Teresa Wright Obituary |date=March 8, 2005 |agency=[[Associated Press]] |via=Legacy.com |url=http://www.legacy.com/ns/teresa-wright-obituary/3261597 |access-date=February 27, 2016}}</ref> |
||
<ref name="nytimes-martin">{{cite news|last=Martin |first=Douglas |title=Teresa Wright, Stage and Film Star, Dies at 86 |date=March 8, 2005 |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/03/08/theater/08wright.html |access-date=February 27, 2016}}</ref> |
<ref name="nytimes-martin">{{cite news |last=Martin |first=Douglas |title=Teresa Wright, Stage and Film Star, Dies at 86 |date=March 8, 2005 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/03/08/theater/08wright.html |access-date=February 27, 2016 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> |
||
<ref name="reel-classics-tw">{{cite web|title=Teresa Wright | |
<ref name="reel-classics-tw">{{cite web |title=Teresa Wright |website=Alt Film Guide |url=http://www.altfg.com/blog/actors/teresa-wright/ |access-date=February 27, 2016}}</ref> |
||
<ref name="tcm-tw">{{cite web|title=Teresa Wright: Complete Filmography | |
<ref name="tcm-tw">{{cite web|title=Teresa Wright: Complete Filmography |website=Turner Classic Movies |url=http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/person/209792%7C145156/Teresa-Wright/filmography.html |access-date=February 27, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170705205713/http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/person/209792%7C145156/Teresa-Wright/filmography.html |archive-date=5 July 2017}}</ref> |
||
<ref name="walk-of-fame">{{cite web|title=Teresa Wright | |
<ref name="walk-of-fame">{{cite web|title=Teresa Wright |website=Hollywood Walk of Fame |url=http://www.walkoffame.com/teresa-wright |access-date=February 27, 2016}}</ref> |
||
<ref name="washpost-bernstein">{{cite news|last=Bernstein |first=Adam |title=Actress Teresa Wright, 86; Won Oscar in 'Mrs. Miniver' |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=March 9, 2005 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A18768-2005Mar8.html |access-date=February 27, 2016}}</ref> |
<ref name="washpost-bernstein">{{cite news |last=Bernstein |first=Adam |title=Actress Teresa Wright, 86; Won Oscar in 'Mrs. Miniver' |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=March 9, 2005 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A18768-2005Mar8.html |access-date=February 27, 2016}}</ref> |
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* {{cite book |last=Spoto |first=Donald |title=The Dark Side of Genius: The Life of Alfred Hitchcock |publisher=Little, Brown and Company |location=Boston |year=1983 |isbn=978-0-31680-723-4 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/darksideofgenius00spot_1 }} |
* {{cite book |last=Spoto |first=Donald |title=The Dark Side of Genius: The Life of Alfred Hitchcock |publisher=Little, Brown and Company |location=Boston |year=1983 |isbn=978-0-31680-723-4 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/darksideofgenius00spot_1 }} |
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* {{cite book|last=Spoto |first=Donald |title=A Girl's Got to Breathe: The Life of Teresa Wright |publisher=University Press of Mississippi |location=Jackson |year=2016 |isbn=978-1-62846-045-2 }} |
* {{cite book |last=Spoto |first=Donald |title=A Girl's Got to Breathe: The Life of Teresa Wright |publisher=University Press of Mississippi |location=Jackson |year=2016 |isbn=978-1-62846-045-2 }} |
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{{refend}} |
{{refend}} |
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[[Category:People from Bridgewater, Connecticut]] |
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Latest revision as of 03:00, 28 August 2024
Teresa Wright | |
---|---|
Born | Muriel Teresa Wright October 27, 1918 Harlem, New York, U.S. |
Died | March 6, 2005 New Haven, Connecticut, U.S. | (aged 86)
Resting place | Evergreen Cemetery |
Occupation | Actress |
Years active | 1941–1997 |
Spouses | |
Children | 2 |
Muriel Teresa Wright (October 27, 1918 – March 6, 2005) was an American actress. She won the 1942 Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role as Carol Beldon in Mrs. Miniver. She was nominated for the same award in 1941 for her debut work in The Little Foxes. Also in 1942, she received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in The Pride of the Yankees, opposite Gary Cooper. She is also known for her performances in Alfred Hitchcock's Shadow of a Doubt (1943), and in William Wyler's The Best Years of Our Lives (1946).
Wright received three Emmy Award nominations for her performances in the Playhouse 90 original television version of The Miracle Worker (1957), in the Breck Sunday Showcase feature The Margaret Bourke-White Story, and in the CBS drama series Dolphin Cove (1989). She earned the acclaim of top film directors, including William Wyler, who called her the most promising actress he had directed,[1] and Alfred Hitchcock, who admired her thorough preparation and quiet professionalism.[2]
Early life
[edit]Muriel Teresa Wright was born on October 27, 1918, in New York City,[3] the daughter of Martha Espy and Arthur Hendricksen Wright, an insurance agent.[citation needed][4] Her parents separated when she was young. She grew up in Maplewood, New Jersey, where she attended Columbia High School.[3] After seeing Helen Hayes star in Victoria Regina at the Broadhurst Theatre in New York City in 1936, Wright took an interest in acting and began playing leading roles in school plays.[5]
Wright earned a scholarship to the Wharf Theater in Provincetown, Massachusetts, where she was an apprentice for two summers.[3][5] Following her high school graduation in 1938, she went to New York, shortened her name to "Teresa Wright", and was hired as understudy to Dorothy McGuire and Martha Scott for the role of Emily in Thornton Wilder's stage production of Our Town at Henry Miller's Theatre.[citation needed] Wright took over the role when Scott left for Hollywood to film the on-screen version of the play.[3]
Acting career
[edit]In autumn 1939, Wright began a two-year appearance in the stage play Life with Father, playing the role of Mary Skinner. It was there that she was discovered by Samuel Goldwyn, who came to see her in the show she had been appearing in for almost a year. Goldwyn would later recall his first encounter with her backstage:
Miss Wright was seated at her dressing table, and looked for all the world like a little girl experimenting with her mother's cosmetics. I had discovered in her from the first sight, you might say, an unaffected genuineness and appeal.[3]
Goldwyn immediately hired the young actress for the role of Bette Davis' daughter in the 1941 adaptation of Lillian Hellman's The Little Foxes, signing her to a five-year Hollywood contract with the Goldwyn Studios. Asserting her seriousness as an actress, Wright insisted her contract contain unique clauses by Hollywood standards:
The aforementioned Teresa Wright shall not be required to pose for photographs in a bathing suit unless she is in the water. Neither may she be photographed running on the beach with her hair flying in the wind. Nor may she pose in any of the following situations: In shorts, playing with a cocker spaniel; digging in a garden; whipping up a meal; attired in firecrackers and holding skyrockets for the Fourth of July; looking insinuatingly at a turkey for Thanksgiving; wearing a bunny cap with long ears for Easter; twinkling on prop snow in a skiing outfit while a fan blows her scarf; assuming an athletic stance while pretending to hit something with a bow and arrow.[6]
In 1941, Wright was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her film début in The Little Foxes. The following year, she was nominated again, this time for Best Actress for The Pride of the Yankees, in which she played opposite Gary Cooper as the wife of Lou Gehrig. The same year, she won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress as the daughter-in-law of Greer Garson's character in Mrs. Miniver. Wright is the first out of only nine actors who have been nominated in both categories in the same year.[3][7] Her three Academy Award nominations and one Academy Award in her first three films is unique.[8] She remains the only performer to have received Academy Award nominations for her first three films.[9]
In 1943, Wright appeared in the acclaimed Universal film Shadow of a Doubt, directed by Alfred Hitchcock, playing a young woman who discovers her beloved uncle (played by Joseph Cotten) is a serial murderer. Hitchcock thought Wright was one of the more intelligent actors he had worked with, and through his direction brought out her vivacity, warmth, and youthful idealism—characteristics uncommon in Hitchcock's heroines.[6] In 1946, Wright delivered another notable performance in William Wyler's The Best Years of Our Lives, an award-winning film about the adjustments of servicemen returning home after World War II. Critic James Agee praised her performance in The Nation:
This new performance of hers, entirely lacking in big scenes, tricks, or obstreperousness—one can hardly think of it as acting—seems to me one of the wisest and most beautiful pieces of work I have seen in years. If the picture had none of the hundreds of other things it has to recommend it, I could watch it a dozen times over for that personality and its mastery alone.[10]
Four years later, she would appear in another story of war veterans, Fred Zinnemann's The Men (1950), which starred Marlon Brando in his film debut.[6] In 1947, Wright appeared in the western Pursued opposite Robert Mitchum. The moody "Freudian western" was written by her first husband Niven Busch. The following year, she starred in Enchantment, a story of two generations of lovers in parallel romances. Wright received glowing reviews for her performance. Newsweek commented: "Miss Wright, one of the screen's finest, glows as the Cinderella who captivated three men." And The New York Times concluded: "Teresa Wright plays with that breathless, bright-eyed rapture which she so remarkably commands."[3]
In December 1948, after rebelling against the studio system that brought her fame, Wright had a public falling out with Samuel Goldwyn, which resulted in the cancellation of Wright's contract with his studio. In a statement published in The New York Times, Goldwyn cited as reasons her refusal to publicize the film Enchantment, and her being "uncooperative" and refusing to "follow reasonable instructions".[10] In her written response, Wright denied Goldwyn's charges and expressed no regret over losing her $5,000 per week contract.
I would like to say that I never refused to perform the services required of me; I was unable to perform them because of ill health. I accept Mr. Goldwyn's termination of my contract without protest—in fact, with relief. The types of contracts standardized in the motion picture industry between players and producers are archaic in form and absurd in concept. I am determined never to set my name to another one ... I have worked for Mr. Goldwyn seven years because I consider him a great producer, and he has paid me well, but in the future I shall gladly work for less if by doing so I can retain my hold upon the common decencies without which the most glorified job becomes intolerable.[10][11]
Years later, in an interview with The New York Post, Wright recalled: "I was going to be Joan of Arc, and all I proved was that I was an actress who would work for less money." For her next film, The Men (1950), instead of the $125,000 she had once commanded, she received $20,000.[5]
In the 1950s, Wright appeared in several unsuccessful films, including The Capture (1950), Something to Live For (1952), California Conquest (1952), The Steel Trap (1952), Count the Hours (1953), The Actress (1953) and Track of the Cat (1954), opposite Robert Mitchum again.[citation needed] Despite the poor box-office showing of these films, Wright was usually praised for her performances.[3] Toward the end of the decade, Wright began to work more frequently in television and theatre. She received Emmy Award nominations for her performances in the Playhouse 90 original television version of The Miracle Worker (1957) and in the Breck Sunday Showcase feature The Margaret Bourke-White Story (1960).[citation needed] In 1955 she played Doris Walker in The 20th Century-Fox Hour remake of the 1947 movie Miracle on 34th Street, opposite MacDonald Carey and Thomas Mitchell. In 1957, she starred on Broadway in The Dark at the Top of the Stairs by William Inge. Directed by Elia Kazan, it ran for 468 performances.
On February 8, 1960, Wright was inducted to the Hollywood Walk of Fame with two stars: one for motion pictures at 1658 Vine Street, and one for television at 6405 Hollywood Boulevard.[12]
In the 1960s, Wright returned to the New York stage appearing in three plays: Mary, Mary (1962) at the Helen Hayes Theatre in the role of Mary McKellaway, I Never Sang for My Father (1968) at the Longacre Theatre in the role of Alice, and Who's Happy Now? (1969) at the Village South Theatre in the role of Mary Hallen. During this period, she toured throughout the United States in stage productions of Mary, Mary (1962), Tchin-Tchin (1963) in the role of Pamela Pew-Picket, and The Locksmith (1965) in the role of Katherine Butler Hathaway. In addition to her stage work, Wright made numerous television appearances throughout the decade, including episodes for The Alfred Hitchcock Hour (1964) on CBS, Bonanza (1964) on NBC, The Defenders (1964, 1965) on CBS and CBS Playhouse (1969).[citation needed]
In 1975, Wright appeared in the Broadway revival of Death of a Salesman, and in 1980, appeared in the revival of Morning's at Seven, for which she won a Drama Desk Award as a member of the Outstanding Ensemble Performance.
She appeared on The Love Boat S6 E11 "A Christmas Presence" as Sister Regina, who foils a con man's scheme to smuggle stolen gold molded as a painted creche scene. The episode aired on 12/18/1982. In 1989, she received her third Emmy Award nomination for her performance in the CBS drama series Dolphin Cove.[citation needed] She also appeared in Murder, She Wrote in the episode "Mr. Penroy's Vacation". Her last television role was in an episode of the CBS drama series Picket Fences in 1996.[citation needed]
Wright's later film appearances included a major role in Somewhere in Time (1980), the grandmother in The Good Mother (1988) with Diane Keaton, and her final role as Miss Birdie in John Grisham's The Rainmaker (1997), directed by Francis Ford Coppola.
Personal life
[edit]Wright was married to writer Niven Busch from 1942 to 1952. They had two children: a son, Niven Terence Busch, born December 2, 1944; and a daughter, Mary-Kelly Busch, born September 12, 1947.[1] She married playwright Robert Anderson in 1959.[13] They divorced in 1978, but maintained a close relationship until the end of her life.
In her last decade, Wright lived quietly in her New England home in the town of Bridgewater, Connecticut, in Litchfield County, appearing occasionally at film festivals and forums and at events associated with the New York Yankees. In 1996, she reminisced about Alfred Hitchcock at the Edinburgh International Film Festival, and in 2003, she appeared on the Academy Awards show in a segment honoring previous Oscar-winners.[3]
Her daughter, Mary-Kelly, is an author of books for children and young adults.[14] Wright has two grandchildren, one of whom, Jonah Smith, co-produced Darren Aronofsky's films Pi (1998) and Requiem for a Dream (2000). In 1998, Smith accompanied Wright on her first visit to Yankee Stadium when she was invited to throw the ceremonial first pitch. Her appearance in Pride of the Yankees had sparked an interest in baseball and led her to become a Yankees fan.
Death and legacy
[edit]Teresa Wright died on March 6, 2005, of a heart attack at Yale-New Haven Hospital in Connecticut at the age of 86.[1] She is buried in Evergreen Cemetery in New Haven.[15]
When the roll call of former Yankees who had died was announced at Old Timer's Day on July 5, 2005, Wright's name was read among the ballplayers and members of the Yankees family.
A Girl's Got to Breathe: The Life of Teresa Wright by Donald Spoto was published in February 2016. Spoto was a close friend to Wright for more than 30 years, and was given exclusive access by her family to her papers and correspondence.[16][17]
Filmography
[edit]References
[edit]Citations
[edit]- ^ a b c Bernstein, Adam (March 9, 2005). "Actress Teresa Wright, 86; Won Oscar in 'Mrs. Miniver'". The Washington Post. Retrieved February 27, 2016.
- ^ Spoto 1983, p. 259.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Vallance, Tom (March 31, 2005). "Teresa Wright: Actress of 'breathless, bright-eyed rapture'". The Independent. London. Retrieved February 27, 2016.
- ^ Spoto 2016, pp. 12–15.
- ^ a b c Martin, Douglas (March 8, 2005). "Teresa Wright, Stage and Film Star, Dies at 86". The New York Times. Retrieved February 27, 2016.
- ^ a b c Bergan, Ronald (March 8, 2005). "Teresa Wright: Hollywood star with a tenacious spirit, on and off the screen". The Guardian. London. Retrieved February 27, 2016.
- ^ "The Star Nobody Knows". The Post-Standard. Syracuse, New York. March 30, 1947. p. 32.
- ^ Oliver, Myrna. "Teresa Wright, 86; Was Nominated for an Oscar in Each of 1st 3 Films". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved February 27, 2016.
- ^ Soares, Andre. "Teresa Wright". Reel Classics. Retrieved February 27, 2016.
- ^ a b c "Teresa Wright". Alt Film Guide. Retrieved February 27, 2016.
- ^ "Teresa Wright Obituary". Associated Press. March 8, 2005. Retrieved February 27, 2016 – via Legacy.com.
- ^ "Teresa Wright". Hollywood Walk of Fame. Retrieved February 27, 2016.
- ^ "Milestones, Dec. 21, 1959". Time. December 21, 1959. ISSN 0040-781X. Retrieved January 7, 2023.
- ^ "Welcome". Mary-Kelly Busch. Retrieved February 7, 2018.
- ^ Wilson, Scott (August 22, 2016). Resting Places: The Burial Sites of More Than 14,000 Famous Persons (3d ed.). McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-7992-4 – via Google Books.
- ^ "Review: A Girl's Got to Breathe: The Life of Teresa Wright, University Press of Mississippi Donald Spoto". Publishers Weekly. December 7, 2015. "Prolific celebrity biographer Spoto (The Redgraves: A Family Epic) paints an engaging and intimate portrait of Oscar-winning actor Teresa Wright." Retrieved March 18, 2022.
- ^ Rees, Stephen (February 1, 2016). "Performing Arts; Review: Spoto, Donald. A Girl's Got To Breathe: The Life of Teresa Wright'". Library Journal. "VERDICT This affectionate tribute to a shamefully neglected talent benefits greatly from the insights of Wright's children and friends. With the performer's views on Marlon Brando, Sterling Hayden, and notable American directors and playwrights, it is recommended for students of American film and theater." Retrieved March 18, 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak "Teresa Wright: Complete Filmography". Turner Classic Movies. Archived from the original on July 5, 2017. Retrieved February 27, 2016.
Sources
[edit]- Spoto, Donald (1983). The Dark Side of Genius: The Life of Alfred Hitchcock. Boston: Little, Brown and Company. ISBN 978-0-31680-723-4.
- Spoto, Donald (2016). A Girl's Got to Breathe: The Life of Teresa Wright. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi. ISBN 978-1-62846-045-2.
External links
[edit]- 1918 births
- 2005 deaths
- 20th-century American actresses
- Actresses from New Jersey
- American film actresses
- American stage actresses
- American television actresses
- Best Supporting Actress Academy Award winners
- Columbia High School (New Jersey) alumni
- People from Maplewood, New Jersey
- Actresses from Manhattan
- People from Bridgewater, Connecticut
- 21st-century American women
- RKO Pictures contract players
- Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer contract players
- People from Harlem
- Actors from Essex County, New Jersey