Carlos Ghosn: Difference between revisions
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Ghosn's "Nissan Revival Plan", announced in October 1999, called for a return to profitability in [[fiscal year]] 2000, a profit margin in excess of 4.5% of sales by the end of fiscal year 2002, and a 50% reduction in the current level of debt by the end of fiscal year 2002.<ref name=nrp>[http://www.nissan-global.com/GCC/NRP/SUPPORT/revival-e.pdf NISSAN REVIVAL PLAN]. ''Nissan-Global.com''. October 18, 1999.</ref><ref>[http://www.nissan-global.com/EN/DOCUMENT/PDF/AR/2001/ar2001_03.pdf The Nissan Revival Plan: Success Ahead of Schedule]. Nissan Annual Report 2001. ''Nissan-Global.com''. 2002.</ref><ref>Ghosn, Carlos. [https://books.google.com/books?id=Oo63xAFXAfgC&pg=PA120 ''SHIFT'']. pp. 120–121.</ref> Ghosn promised to resign if these goals were not met.<ref>Ghosn, Carlos. [https://books.google.com/books?id=RZ-RuS9VNSgC&pg=PR19 ''SHIFT'']. pp. xix, 123.</ref> Ghosn's Nissan Revival Plan called for cutting 21,000 Nissan jobs (14% of total workforce), mostly in Japan; shutting five Japanese plants; reducing the number of suppliers and shareholdings; and auctioning off prized assets such as Nissan's aerospace unit.<ref name=nrp /><ref>Simison, Robert L. and Norihiko Shirouzu. [http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB940234813452198583 "Nissan to Close Five Plants, Cut Staff By 14% as Part of Restructuring Plan"]. ''[[Wall Street Journal]]''. October 19, 1999.</ref><ref>[http://www.autointell.com/asian_companies/nissan/nissan.htm "Nissan Motor Corporation, Japan"]. ''Automotive Intelligence''. ''AutoIntell.com''. 2000.</ref> |
Ghosn's "Nissan Revival Plan", announced in October 1999, called for a return to profitability in [[fiscal year]] 2000, a profit margin in excess of 4.5% of sales by the end of fiscal year 2002, and a 50% reduction in the current level of debt by the end of fiscal year 2002.<ref name=nrp>[http://www.nissan-global.com/GCC/NRP/SUPPORT/revival-e.pdf NISSAN REVIVAL PLAN]. ''Nissan-Global.com''. October 18, 1999.</ref><ref>[http://www.nissan-global.com/EN/DOCUMENT/PDF/AR/2001/ar2001_03.pdf The Nissan Revival Plan: Success Ahead of Schedule]. Nissan Annual Report 2001. ''Nissan-Global.com''. 2002.</ref><ref>Ghosn, Carlos. [https://books.google.com/books?id=Oo63xAFXAfgC&pg=PA120 ''SHIFT'']. pp. 120–121.</ref> Ghosn promised to resign if these goals were not met.<ref>Ghosn, Carlos. [https://books.google.com/books?id=RZ-RuS9VNSgC&pg=PR19 ''SHIFT'']. pp. xix, 123.</ref> Ghosn's Nissan Revival Plan called for cutting 21,000 Nissan jobs (14% of total workforce), mostly in Japan; shutting five Japanese plants; reducing the number of suppliers and shareholdings; and auctioning off prized assets such as Nissan's aerospace unit.<ref name=nrp /><ref>Simison, Robert L. and Norihiko Shirouzu. [http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB940234813452198583 "Nissan to Close Five Plants, Cut Staff By 14% as Part of Restructuring Plan"]. ''[[Wall Street Journal]]''. October 19, 1999.</ref><ref>[http://www.autointell.com/asian_companies/nissan/nissan.htm "Nissan Motor Corporation, Japan"]. ''Automotive Intelligence''. ''AutoIntell.com''. 2000.</ref> |
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Ghosn was the fourth non-Japanese person to lead a Japanese automaker, after [[Mark Fields (businessman)|Mark Fields]], Henry Wallace, and James Miller were appointed by [[Ford]] to run [[Mazda]] in the late 1990s.<ref>Mas, Isabelle. [http://lexpansion.lexpress.fr/actualite-economique/le-precedent-quand-ford-a-debarque-au-japon-pour-sauver-mazda_1374720.html "Renault: Le précédent: quand Ford a débarqué au Japon pour sauver Mazda"]. ''[[L'Expansion]]''. September 23, 1999.</ref> In addition to cutting jobs, plants, and suppliers, Ghosn spearheaded major and dramatic structural and corporate-culture changes at Nissan. He defied Japanese business etiquette in various ways, including by eliminating seniority-based and age-based promotion, by changing lifetime employment from a guarantee to a desired goal for when the company achieved high performance, and by dismantling Nissan's ''[[keiretsu]]'' system – an interwoven web of parts suppliers with cross-holdings in Nissan.<ref>Ghosn, Carlos. [http://hbswk.hbs.edu/archive/2836.html "Saving the Business Without Losing the Company - Breaking with Tradition in a Foreign Land"]. ''[[Harvard Business School Working Knowledge]]''. March 18, 2002.</ref><ref>Ghosn, Carlos. [https://books.google.com/books?id=RZ-RuS9VNSgC&pg=PA153 ''SHIFT'']. p. 153.</ref><ref name=execution>Snyder, Bill. [http://www.gsb.stanford.edu/news/headlines/carlos-ghosn-five-percent-challenge-is-strategy-ninety-five-percent-is-execution "Carlos Ghosn: Five Percent of the Challenge Is the Strategy. Ninety-five Percent Is the Execution"]. [[Stanford Graduate School of Business]]. July 9, 2014.</ref> When the Nissan Revival Plan was announced, the proposed dismantling of ''keiretsu'' earned Ghosn the nickname "''keiretsu'' killer",<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.oecdobserver.org/news/fullstory.php/aid/231/Carlos_Ghosn:_cost_controller_or_keiretsu_killer__.html |author=Nezu, Risaburo|title=Carlos Ghosn: cost controller or keiretsu killer? |publisher=''[[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development|OECD Observer]]'' |date=1999-10-19 |accessdate=2011-09-27}}</ref> and the ''[[Wall Street Journal]]'' quoted a [[Dresdner Kleinwort Benson]] analyst in Tokyo as saying Ghosn might become a "target of public outrage" if Nissan threw former affiliates out of its supply chain.<ref>Shirouzu, Norihiko. [http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB940185831386718137 "Nissan's Plan for Jump-Start Faces Formidable Obstacles"]. ''[[Wall Street Journal]]''. October 18, 1999.</ref><ref name=mit /> Ghosn changed Nissan's official company language from Japanese to English, and included executives from Europe and North America in key global strategy sessions for the first time.<ref>Thornton, Emily. [http://www.businessweek.com/1999/99_46/b3655013.htm "Remaking Nissan: A long, hard day with Carlos Ghosn, the foreigner remaking Japan's giant"]. ''[[BusinessWeek]]'' (International Edition). November 15, 1999.</ref><ref>Ghosn, Carlos. [https://books.google.com/books?id=Oo63xAFXAfgC&pg=PA161 ''SHIFT'']. pp. 161–163.</ref> |
Ghosn was the fourth non-Japanese person to lead a Japanese automaker, after [[Mark Fields (businessman)|Mark Fields]], Henry Wallace, and James Miller were appointed by [[Ford]] to run [[Mazda]] in the late 1990s.<ref>Mas, Isabelle. [http://lexpansion.lexpress.fr/actualite-economique/le-precedent-quand-ford-a-debarque-au-japon-pour-sauver-mazda_1374720.html "Renault: Le précédent: quand Ford a débarqué au Japon pour sauver Mazda"]. ''[[L'Expansion]]''. September 23, 1999.</ref> In addition to cutting jobs, plants, and suppliers, Ghosn spearheaded major and dramatic structural and corporate-culture changes at Nissan. He defied Japanese business etiquette in various ways, including by eliminating seniority-based and age-based promotion, by changing lifetime employment from a guarantee to a desired goal for when the company achieved high performance, and by dismantling Nissan's ''[[keiretsu]]'' system – an interwoven web of parts suppliers with cross-holdings in Nissan.<ref>Ghosn, Carlos. [http://hbswk.hbs.edu/archive/2836.html "Saving the Business Without Losing the Company - Breaking with Tradition in a Foreign Land"]. ''[[Harvard Business School Working Knowledge]]''. March 18, 2002.</ref><ref>Ghosn, Carlos. [https://books.google.com/books?id=RZ-RuS9VNSgC&pg=PA153 ''SHIFT'']. p. 153.</ref><ref name=execution>Snyder, Bill. [http://www.gsb.stanford.edu/news/headlines/carlos-ghosn-five-percent-challenge-is-strategy-ninety-five-percent-is-execution "Carlos Ghosn: Five Percent of the Challenge Is the Strategy. Ninety-five Percent Is the Execution"]. [[Stanford Graduate School of Business]]. July 9, 2014.</ref> When the Nissan Revival Plan was announced, the proposed dismantling of ''keiretsu'' earned Ghosn the nickname "''keiretsu'' killer",<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.oecdobserver.org/news/fullstory.php/aid/231/Carlos_Ghosn:_cost_controller_or_keiretsu_killer__.html |author=Nezu, Risaburo|title=Carlos Ghosn: cost controller or keiretsu killer? |publisher=''[[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development|OECD Observer]]'' |date=1999-10-19 |accessdate=2011-09-27}}</ref> and the ''[[Wall Street Journal]]'' quoted a [[Dresdner Kleinwort Benson]] analyst in Tokyo as saying Ghosn might become a "target of public outrage" if Nissan threw former affiliates out of its supply chain.<ref>Shirouzu, Norihiko. [http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB940185831386718137 "Nissan's Plan for Jump-Start Faces Formidable Obstacles"]. ''[[Wall Street Journal]]''. October 18, 1999.</ref><ref name=mit /> Ghosn changed Nissan's official company language from Japanese to English, and included executives from Europe and North America in key global strategy sessions for the first time.<ref>Thornton, Emily. [http://www.businessweek.com/1999/99_46/b3655013.htm "Remaking Nissan: A long, hard day with Carlos Ghosn, the foreigner remaking Japan's giant"] {{wayback|url=http://www.businessweek.com/1999/99_46/b3655013.htm |date=20141113032606 }}. ''[[BusinessWeek]]'' (International Edition). November 15, 1999.</ref><ref>Ghosn, Carlos. [https://books.google.com/books?id=Oo63xAFXAfgC&pg=PA161 ''SHIFT'']. pp. 161–163.</ref> |
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In the first year of the Nissan Revival Plan, [[Nissan]]'s consolidated net profit after tax climbed to $2.7 billion for fiscal year 2000,<ref>[http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/BU0105/S00278/nissan-announces-record-results-for-fy-2000.htm "Nissan Announces Record Results For FY 2000"]. ''[[Scoop (website)|Scoop]]''. May 31, 2001.</ref> from a consolidated net loss of $6.46 billion in the previous year.<ref>[http://www.nissan-global.com/GCC/Japan/NEWS/20000519_0e.html "Nissan reports an operating profit of 82.6 billion Yen, a net loss of 684.4 billion Yen for Fiscal Year 1999 ended March 31, 2000 and forecasts a net profit of 60 billion Yen in Fiscal Year 2000"]. Nissan Press Release. ''Nissan-Global.com''. May 19, 2000.</ref> Twelve months into his three-year turnaround plan, Nissan had returned to profitability, and within three years it was one of the industry's most profitable auto makers, with operating margins consistently above 9%—more than twice the industry average.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://online.wsj.com/article/SB115223901242700336.html | work=The Wall Street Journal | first=Norihiko | last=Shirouzu | title=What Alliance With Mr. Ghosn Could Bring GM | date=2006-07-07}}</ref> The goals of the Nissan Revival Plan were all reached before March 31, 2002.<ref name=shiftxix>Ghosn, Carlos. [https://books.google.com/books?id=RZ-RuS9VNSgC&pg=PR19''SHIFT'']. p. xix.</ref> |
In the first year of the Nissan Revival Plan, [[Nissan]]'s consolidated net profit after tax climbed to $2.7 billion for fiscal year 2000,<ref>[http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/BU0105/S00278/nissan-announces-record-results-for-fy-2000.htm "Nissan Announces Record Results For FY 2000"]. ''[[Scoop (website)|Scoop]]''. May 31, 2001.</ref> from a consolidated net loss of $6.46 billion in the previous year.<ref>[http://www.nissan-global.com/GCC/Japan/NEWS/20000519_0e.html "Nissan reports an operating profit of 82.6 billion Yen, a net loss of 684.4 billion Yen for Fiscal Year 1999 ended March 31, 2000 and forecasts a net profit of 60 billion Yen in Fiscal Year 2000"]. Nissan Press Release. ''Nissan-Global.com''. May 19, 2000.</ref> Twelve months into his three-year turnaround plan, Nissan had returned to profitability, and within three years it was one of the industry's most profitable auto makers, with operating margins consistently above 9%—more than twice the industry average.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://online.wsj.com/article/SB115223901242700336.html | work=The Wall Street Journal | first=Norihiko | last=Shirouzu | title=What Alliance With Mr. Ghosn Could Bring GM | date=2006-07-07}}</ref> The goals of the Nissan Revival Plan were all reached before March 31, 2002.<ref name=shiftxix>Ghosn, Carlos. [https://books.google.com/books?id=RZ-RuS9VNSgC&pg=PR19''SHIFT'']. p. xix.</ref> |
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In 2008, Ghosn was named Chairman, President, and CEO of Nissan. In 2009 he was named Chairman and CEO of Renault.<ref name=ie /> |
In 2008, Ghosn was named Chairman, President, and CEO of Nissan. In 2009 he was named Chairman and CEO of Renault.<ref name=ie /> |
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Ghosn was a visible leader in recovery efforts after the Japanese [[2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami|earthquake and tsunami]] on March 11, 2011, one of the worst natural disasters in modern history.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thetruthaboutcars.com/2011/05/with-nissan%E2%80%99s-carlos-ghosn-near-fukushima-a-glowing-report/ |title=With Nissan's Carlos Ghosn Near Fukushima. A Glowing Report |author=Bertel Schmitt |publisher=The Truth About Cars |date=May 17, 2011 |accessdate=2011-09-27}}</ref> On March 29, 2011, he made the first of several visits to the hard-hit [[Iwaki, Fukushima|Iwaki]] engine plant in [[Fukushima Prefecture|Fukushima]] prefecture, 50 km (31 miles) from the [[Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant]],<ref>Nishimura, Koji; Nomura, Shu; Komori, Atsushi. [http://ajw.asahi.com/article/0311disaster/recovery/AJ201103303666 "Nuclear crisis overshadows manufacturers' restoration efforts"]. ''[[Asahi Shimbun|Asia & Japan Watch]]''. March 30, 2011.</ref><ref>[http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2011/03/30/business/ghosn-vows-to-reopen-iwaki-plant-in-april "Ghosn vows to reopen Iwaki plant in April"]. ''[[Japan Times]]''. March 30, 2011.</ref><ref name=satellite /> and at his direction Nissan restored full operations at the Iwaki factory well ahead of expectations.<ref>Zulovich, Nick. [http://www.autoremarketing.com/mobile/retail/nissan-toyota-celebrate-more-production-restoration "Nissan & Toyota Celebrate More Production Restoration"]. ''Auto Remarketing''. May 19, 2011.</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/05/17/nissan-idUSL4E7GH0G220110517 | work=Reuters | title=UPDATE 1-Nissan working to restore full production before Oct-CEO | date=2011-05-17 | first=Chang-Ran | last=Kim}}</ref><ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H5ZyL73U654 Nissan CEO Carlos Ghosn Iwaki Visit (Full Version)]. (video) Uploaded May 19, 2011.</ref> He appeared on television in Japan to encourage optimism.<ref name=satellite>{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=163484233710024 |title=Carlos Ghosn interview on "World Business Satellite" - TV Tokyo |publisher=Facebook |date=2011-04-08 |accessdate=2011-09-27}}</ref><ref>[http://www.nikkei.com/news/print-article/?ng=DGXNASFZ0202N_S1A600C1K14901 "現場に甘えぬ経営者 震災対応第2幕、問われる決断"]. ''[[Nihon Keizai Shimbun]]''. June 5, 2011.</ref><ref>[http://datazoo.jp/tv/%E3%83%AF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%89%E3%83%93%E3%82%B8%E3%83%8D%E3%82%B9%E3%82%B5%E3%83%86%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%88/475581 March 29, 2011 broadcast 23:00 to 23:58] (broadcast notes). [[TV Tokyo]].</ref><ref>[http://www.news24.jp/articles/2011/05/17/06182873.html "Ghosn visits affected Nissan factory to encourage employees"]. ''News24.jp''. May 17, 2011.</ref> In May 2011 Ghosn remained committed to building at least 1 million of Nissan's cars and trucks in Japan annually.<ref>Kitamura, Makiko and Yuki Hagiwara. [http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-05-12/nissan-beats-estimates-after-earthquake.html "Ghosn Says Suppliers Recovering From Quake"]. ''[[Bloomberg L.P.|Bloomberg]]''. May 12, 2011.</ref> |
Ghosn was a visible leader in recovery efforts after the Japanese [[2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami|earthquake and tsunami]] on March 11, 2011, one of the worst natural disasters in modern history.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thetruthaboutcars.com/2011/05/with-nissan%E2%80%99s-carlos-ghosn-near-fukushima-a-glowing-report/ |title=With Nissan's Carlos Ghosn Near Fukushima. A Glowing Report |author=Bertel Schmitt |publisher=The Truth About Cars |date=May 17, 2011 |accessdate=2011-09-27}}</ref> On March 29, 2011, he made the first of several visits to the hard-hit [[Iwaki, Fukushima|Iwaki]] engine plant in [[Fukushima Prefecture|Fukushima]] prefecture, 50 km (31 miles) from the [[Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant]],<ref>Nishimura, Koji; Nomura, Shu; Komori, Atsushi. [http://ajw.asahi.com/article/0311disaster/recovery/AJ201103303666 "Nuclear crisis overshadows manufacturers' restoration efforts"] {{wayback|url=http://ajw.asahi.com/article/0311disaster/recovery/AJ201103303666 |date=20141006090608 }}. ''[[Asahi Shimbun|Asia & Japan Watch]]''. March 30, 2011.</ref><ref>[http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2011/03/30/business/ghosn-vows-to-reopen-iwaki-plant-in-april "Ghosn vows to reopen Iwaki plant in April"]. ''[[Japan Times]]''. March 30, 2011.</ref><ref name=satellite /> and at his direction Nissan restored full operations at the Iwaki factory well ahead of expectations.<ref>Zulovich, Nick. [http://www.autoremarketing.com/mobile/retail/nissan-toyota-celebrate-more-production-restoration "Nissan & Toyota Celebrate More Production Restoration"]. ''Auto Remarketing''. May 19, 2011.</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/05/17/nissan-idUSL4E7GH0G220110517 | work=Reuters | title=UPDATE 1-Nissan working to restore full production before Oct-CEO | date=2011-05-17 | first=Chang-Ran | last=Kim}}</ref><ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H5ZyL73U654 Nissan CEO Carlos Ghosn Iwaki Visit (Full Version)]. (video) Uploaded May 19, 2011.</ref> He appeared on television in Japan to encourage optimism.<ref name=satellite>{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=163484233710024 |title=Carlos Ghosn interview on "World Business Satellite" - TV Tokyo |publisher=Facebook |date=2011-04-08 |accessdate=2011-09-27}}</ref><ref>[http://www.nikkei.com/news/print-article/?ng=DGXNASFZ0202N_S1A600C1K14901 "現場に甘えぬ経営者 震災対応第2幕、問われる決断"]. ''[[Nihon Keizai Shimbun]]''. June 5, 2011.</ref><ref>[http://datazoo.jp/tv/%E3%83%AF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%89%E3%83%93%E3%82%B8%E3%83%8D%E3%82%B9%E3%82%B5%E3%83%86%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%88/475581 March 29, 2011 broadcast 23:00 to 23:58] (broadcast notes). [[TV Tokyo]].</ref><ref>[http://www.news24.jp/articles/2011/05/17/06182873.html "Ghosn visits affected Nissan factory to encourage employees"]. ''News24.jp''. May 17, 2011.</ref> In May 2011 Ghosn remained committed to building at least 1 million of Nissan's cars and trucks in Japan annually.<ref>Kitamura, Makiko and Yuki Hagiwara. [http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-05-12/nissan-beats-estimates-after-earthquake.html "Ghosn Says Suppliers Recovering From Quake"]. ''[[Bloomberg L.P.|Bloomberg]]''. May 12, 2011.</ref> |
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In June 2012, Ghosn was named Deputy Chairman of the Board of Directors of Russian automobile manufacturer [[AvtoVAZ]].<ref>{{ |
In June 2012, Ghosn was named Deputy Chairman of the Board of Directors of Russian automobile manufacturer [[AvtoVAZ]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lada.ru/biography.xml |title=The composition of the Board of Directors of AVTOVAZ since June 28, 2012 |accessdate=2014-09-21 |deadurl=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120820081706/http://www.lada.ru/biography.xml |archivedate=2012-08-20 |df= }}</ref> In June 2013 he was appointed Chairman of the Russian company, a position he retained through June 2016.<ref name=ANE>{{cite web|url=http://europe.autonews.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20130629/ANE/130629883/ghosn-becomes-chairman-of-russian-carmaker-avtovaz#axzz2XeF3N3tw |title=Ghosn becomes chairman of Russian carmaker AvtoVAZ |author=Jolley, David |work=europe.autonews.com |publisher=[[Automotive News|Automtive News Europe]] |date=29 June 2013 |accessdate=29 June 2013 }}{{dead link|date=November 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name=avtochairman>Co, Brent. [http://www.autoindustriya.com/auto-industry-news/russian-carmaker-avtovaz-names-carlos-ghosn-chairman.html "Russian carmaker Avtovaz names Carlos Ghosn Chairman"]. ''AutoIndustriya.com''. June 29, 2013.</ref><ref>[http://markets.ft.com/research/Markets/Tearsheets/Directors-and-dealings?s=AVAZPS:MCX Avtovaz OAO: Directors & Officers – Carlos Ghosn]. ''[[Financial Times]]''. Retrieved November 11, 2014.</ref><ref name=cedes/><ref name=nissannews/> Renault had begun a strategic partnership with AvtoVAZ in 2008 by acquiring a 25% stake in the company;<ref>[http://www.info-financiere.fr/upload/NDF/2009/04/FCNDFMAN20090411_152018.pdf RENAULT AND AVTOVAZ CONFIRM THEIR STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP]. [[Renault]] (press release). February 29, 2008.</ref> this led to increasingly deeper partnerships between Renault-Nissan and AvtoVAZ,<ref>[http://www.bbc.com/news/business-17929039 "Renault-Nissan to take control of Lada-owner Avtovaz"]. ''[[BBC News]]''. May 3, 2012.</ref> ending in Renault-Nissan Alliance control of the Russian automaker in 2014.<ref>Ostrouk, Andrey. [http://online.wsj.com/articles/renault-nissan-acquire-control-of-avtovaz-1403883463 "Renault, Nissan Buy Majority Stake in Russia's Avtovaz"]. ''[[Wall Street Journal]]''. June 27, 2014.</ref> |
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===Mitsubishi=== |
===Mitsubishi=== |
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===Advisorships=== |
===Advisorships=== |
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Ghosn served on the International Advisory Board of Brazilian bank [[Banco Itaú]] until 2015.<ref>[http://ww13.itau.com.br/PortalRI/HTML/ing/download/CCI.pdf "Itaú Unibanco forms International Advisory Board"]. [[Banco Itaú]]. Retrieved November 24, 2014.</ref><ref name="Itaú board">{{cite web|title=Organizational Structure|url=https://www.itau.com.br/itaubba-en/about-itau-bba/who-we-are/organizational-structure|website=Itaú|publisher=Itaú|accessdate=6 October 2015}}</ref> He is also a member of the Advisory Board of [[Tsinghua University]] School of Economics and Management in Beijing.<ref>[http://www.sem.tsinghua.edu.cn/portalweb/appmanager/portal/MBAen;SEMPORTALJSESSIONID=zv8nQGhH00BXngTT1t1FdLpBVGSQxG1YFp6CfCyGTCYYmyM1ww0k!578764396?_nfpb=true&_windowLabel=T25803926801270713397649&u=NEWS%2F53941.htm%3Ftarget%3Dno&_pageLabel=P7800326801270713368685 "First Nissan-Tsinghua Lecture on Renault-Nissan Alliance"]. [[Tsinghua University]]. June 4, 2012.</ref> He has received an honorary doctorate from [[American University of Beirut]];<ref>[http://www.aub.edu.lb/news/pages/74360.aspx "Carlos Ghosn tells students to embrace diversity"]. [[American University of Beirut]] News. August 28, 2007.</ref> and he is a member of the Strategic Council, [[Saint Joseph University]] of Beirut.<ref>[http://www.un.org/wcm/content/site/sustainableenergyforall/home/members/Ghosn The Secretary General's High-Level Group on Sustainable Engery for All: Carlos Ghosn]. [[United Nations]]. ''UN.org''. Retrieved November 24, 2014.</ref> In May 2014, he was elected president of the [[European Automobile Manufacturers Association]]; he serves as Governor of the [[World Economic Forum]].<ref name="Renault bio">{{cite web|title=CARLOS GHOSN - Chairman and Chief Executive Officer|url=https://group.renault.com/en/our-company/leadership/board-of-directors/carlos-ghosn-2/|website=Renault|publisher=Renault|accessdate=6 October 2015}}</ref> |
Ghosn served on the International Advisory Board of Brazilian bank [[Banco Itaú]] until 2015.<ref>[http://ww13.itau.com.br/PortalRI/HTML/ing/download/CCI.pdf "Itaú Unibanco forms International Advisory Board"]. [[Banco Itaú]]. Retrieved November 24, 2014.</ref><ref name="Itaú board">{{cite web|title=Organizational Structure|url=https://www.itau.com.br/itaubba-en/about-itau-bba/who-we-are/organizational-structure|website=Itaú|publisher=Itaú|accessdate=6 October 2015}}</ref> He is also a member of the Advisory Board of [[Tsinghua University]] School of Economics and Management in Beijing.<ref>[http://www.sem.tsinghua.edu.cn/portalweb/appmanager/portal/MBAen;SEMPORTALJSESSIONID=zv8nQGhH00BXngTT1t1FdLpBVGSQxG1YFp6CfCyGTCYYmyM1ww0k!578764396?_nfpb=true&_windowLabel=T25803926801270713397649&u=NEWS%2F53941.htm%3Ftarget%3Dno&_pageLabel=P7800326801270713368685 "First Nissan-Tsinghua Lecture on Renault-Nissan Alliance"]. [[Tsinghua University]]. June 4, 2012.</ref> He has received an honorary doctorate from [[American University of Beirut]];<ref>[http://www.aub.edu.lb/news/pages/74360.aspx "Carlos Ghosn tells students to embrace diversity"]. [[American University of Beirut]] News. August 28, 2007.</ref> and he is a member of the Strategic Council, [[Saint Joseph University]] of Beirut.<ref>[http://www.un.org/wcm/content/site/sustainableenergyforall/home/members/Ghosn The Secretary General's High-Level Group on Sustainable Engery for All: Carlos Ghosn] {{wayback|url=http://www.un.org/wcm/content/site/sustainableenergyforall/home/members/Ghosn |date=20130927104628 }}. [[United Nations]]. ''UN.org''. Retrieved November 24, 2014.</ref> In May 2014, he was elected president of the [[European Automobile Manufacturers Association]]; he serves as Governor of the [[World Economic Forum]].<ref name="Renault bio">{{cite web|title=CARLOS GHOSN - Chairman and Chief Executive Officer|url=https://group.renault.com/en/our-company/leadership/board-of-directors/carlos-ghosn-2/|website=Renault|publisher=Renault|accessdate=6 October 2015}}</ref> |
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==Personal life== |
==Personal life== |
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Ghosn, whom ''[[Forbes]]'' magazine called "the hardest-working man in the brutally competitive global car business",<ref name=impatient /> splits his time between Paris and Tokyo and logs roughly 150,000 miles in airplanes per year.<ref name=impatient /> Japanese media have called him "Seven-Eleven" ("work very hard from early in the morning till late at night").<ref name=mit>Nakae, Koji. [http://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/32114/63201635.pdf ''Cultural Change: A Comparative Study of the Change Efforts of Douglas MacArthur and Carlos Ghosn in Japan'']. [[MIT Sloan School of Management]] ([[MBA]] thesis). June 2005.</ref> He holds both [[Brazil]]ian and [[France|French]] citizenships.<ref>[http://edition.cnn.com/2006/BUSINESS/04/12/revealed.ghosn.biog "The Gaijin with two jobs"]. ''[[CNN]]''. December 7, 2006.</ref> He has been noted for his direct, no-nonsense, results-oriented and execution-oriented style in business strategy meetings,<ref name=impatient /> but also for his interest in resolving problems from within a company by listening to workers and by cross-functional and cross-cultural team groupings.<ref name=execution /> |
Ghosn, whom ''[[Forbes]]'' magazine called "the hardest-working man in the brutally competitive global car business",<ref name=impatient /> splits his time between Paris and Tokyo and logs roughly 150,000 miles in airplanes per year.<ref name=impatient /> Japanese media have called him "Seven-Eleven" ("work very hard from early in the morning till late at night").<ref name=mit>Nakae, Koji. [http://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/32114/63201635.pdf ''Cultural Change: A Comparative Study of the Change Efforts of Douglas MacArthur and Carlos Ghosn in Japan''] {{wayback|url=http://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/32114/63201635.pdf |date=20120907193158 }}. [[MIT Sloan School of Management]] ([[MBA]] thesis). June 2005.</ref> He holds both [[Brazil]]ian and [[France|French]] citizenships.<ref>[http://edition.cnn.com/2006/BUSINESS/04/12/revealed.ghosn.biog "The Gaijin with two jobs"]. ''[[CNN]]''. December 7, 2006.</ref> He has been noted for his direct, no-nonsense, results-oriented and execution-oriented style in business strategy meetings,<ref name=impatient /> but also for his interest in resolving problems from within a company by listening to workers and by cross-functional and cross-cultural team groupings.<ref name=execution /> |
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Ghosn is [[multilingualism|multilingual]] and speaks four languages fluently: French, Portuguese, English, and Arabic, and he has also studied Japanese.<ref name=encyclopedia /><ref>[http://edition.cnn.com/2008/BUSINESS/06/11/ghosn.profile/#cnnSTCText "The True Story of Carlos Ghosn"]. ''[[CNN]]''. June 16, 2008.</ref> He also maintains ties to Lebanon, where he lived for 10 years and where he completed his primary and secondary education. He is a partner in [[Ixsir]], a winery in the northern coastal town of [[Batroun]], Lebanon.<ref>Karam, Michael. [http://www.thenational.ae/thenationalconversation/industry-insights/retail/lebanon-reluctant-to-recognise-a-big-local-success-story "Lebanon reluctant to recognise a big local success story"]. ''[[The National (Abu Dhabi)|The National]]''. October 20, 2011.</ref> In 2012 he was named to the Honorary Board of the American Foundation of [[Saint George Hospital University Medical Center|Saint George Hospital]] in Beirut.<ref>[http://www.stgeorgefoundation.org/18-content-about-us.html Saint George Hospital – Our Mission]. [[Saint George Hospital]]. ''StGeorgeFoundation.org''. Retrieved November 24, 2014.</ref><ref>Mosalli, Irène. [http://www.lorientlejour.com/category/Liban/article/788295/Pour_sa_capacite_a_%3C%3C+faire_la_difference+%3E%3E%2C_Carlos_Ghosn_honore__par_la_Fondation_americaine_de_l%27Hopital_Saint-Georges.html "Pour sa capacité à « faire la différence », Carlos Ghosn honoré par la Fondation américaine de l’Hôpital Saint-Georges"]. ''[[L'Orient-Le Jour]]''. November 19, 2012.</ref> |
Ghosn is [[multilingualism|multilingual]] and speaks four languages fluently: French, Portuguese, English, and Arabic, and he has also studied Japanese.<ref name=encyclopedia /><ref>[http://edition.cnn.com/2008/BUSINESS/06/11/ghosn.profile/#cnnSTCText "The True Story of Carlos Ghosn"]. ''[[CNN]]''. June 16, 2008.</ref> He also maintains ties to Lebanon, where he lived for 10 years and where he completed his primary and secondary education. He is a partner in [[Ixsir]], a winery in the northern coastal town of [[Batroun]], Lebanon.<ref>Karam, Michael. [http://www.thenational.ae/thenationalconversation/industry-insights/retail/lebanon-reluctant-to-recognise-a-big-local-success-story "Lebanon reluctant to recognise a big local success story"]. ''[[The National (Abu Dhabi)|The National]]''. October 20, 2011.</ref> In 2012 he was named to the Honorary Board of the American Foundation of [[Saint George Hospital University Medical Center|Saint George Hospital]] in Beirut.<ref>[http://www.stgeorgefoundation.org/18-content-about-us.html Saint George Hospital – Our Mission]. [[Saint George Hospital]]. ''StGeorgeFoundation.org''. Retrieved November 24, 2014.</ref><ref>Mosalli, Irène. [http://www.lorientlejour.com/category/Liban/article/788295/Pour_sa_capacite_a_%3C%3C+faire_la_difference+%3E%3E%2C_Carlos_Ghosn_honore__par_la_Fondation_americaine_de_l%27Hopital_Saint-Georges.html "Pour sa capacité à « faire la différence », Carlos Ghosn honoré par la Fondation américaine de l’Hôpital Saint-Georges"]. ''[[L'Orient-Le Jour]]''. November 19, 2012.</ref> |
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Ghosn has been hailed as a potential presidential candidate in Lebanon.<ref name=forward /><ref>[http://news.yahoo.com/nissan-chief-ghosn-shrugs-off-lebanon-politics-career-105054099.html "Nissan chief Ghosn shrugs off Lebanon politics career"]. [[Agence France-Presse]]. July 17, 2014.</ref> In a June 2011 survey by life-insurance company [[AXA]], Ghosn was ranked No. 7 in a random poll asking Japanese people, "Which celebrity do you want to run Japan?" (Barack Obama was No. 9, and Prime Minister [[Naoto Kan]] was No. 19.)<ref>[http://www.47news.jp/CN/201106/CN2011062701000925.html "Japan chooses Kitano Takeshi in AXA Life Survey"]. ''[[Kyodo News]]''. ''47news.jp''. June 27, 2011.</ref><ref>Schmitt, Bertel. [http://www.thetruthaboutcars.com/2011/07/with-carlos-ghosn-down-by-the-waterfront/ "With Carlos Ghosn Down By The Waterfront"]. ''TheTruthAboutCars.com''. July 16, 2011.</ref><ref>[http://www2.axa.co.jp/info/news/2011/pdf/110627.pdf "Survey after the earthquake": 10,000-person survey]. (Japanese) [[AXA|AXA Life]]. ''AXA.co.jp''. June 27, 2011. p. 9.</ref><ref>[http://sharltons.blogspot.com/2011/06/survey-later-earthquake-maximum.html "Survey later the earthquake, maximum Japanese meditation entrusted Takeshi Kitano"]. June 28, 2011.</ref> He has so far declined such overtures, saying he has "no political ambitions".<ref name=forward>{{cite web|url=http://www.forwardsyria.com/story/337/Man%20behind%20the%20wheel |title=Man behind the wheel |author=Sami Moubayed |publisher=Forward Syria |date=July 1, 2009 |accessdate=2011-09-27 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110711021234/http://www.forwardsyria.com/story/337/Man%20behind%20the%20wheel |archivedate=July 11, 2011 }}</ref> |
Ghosn has been hailed as a potential presidential candidate in Lebanon.<ref name=forward /><ref>[http://news.yahoo.com/nissan-chief-ghosn-shrugs-off-lebanon-politics-career-105054099.html "Nissan chief Ghosn shrugs off Lebanon politics career"]. [[Agence France-Presse]]. July 17, 2014.</ref> In a June 2011 survey by life-insurance company [[AXA]], Ghosn was ranked No. 7 in a random poll asking Japanese people, "Which celebrity do you want to run Japan?" (Barack Obama was No. 9, and Prime Minister [[Naoto Kan]] was No. 19.)<ref>[http://www.47news.jp/CN/201106/CN2011062701000925.html "Japan chooses Kitano Takeshi in AXA Life Survey"] {{wayback|url=http://www.47news.jp/CN/201106/CN2011062701000925.html |date=20121028134447 }}. ''[[Kyodo News]]''. ''47news.jp''. June 27, 2011.</ref><ref>Schmitt, Bertel. [http://www.thetruthaboutcars.com/2011/07/with-carlos-ghosn-down-by-the-waterfront/ "With Carlos Ghosn Down By The Waterfront"]. ''TheTruthAboutCars.com''. July 16, 2011.</ref><ref>[http://www2.axa.co.jp/info/news/2011/pdf/110627.pdf "Survey after the earthquake": 10,000-person survey]. (Japanese) [[AXA|AXA Life]]. ''AXA.co.jp''. June 27, 2011. p. 9.</ref><ref>[http://sharltons.blogspot.com/2011/06/survey-later-earthquake-maximum.html "Survey later the earthquake, maximum Japanese meditation entrusted Takeshi Kitano"]. June 28, 2011.</ref> He has so far declined such overtures, saying he has "no political ambitions".<ref name=forward>{{cite web|url=http://www.forwardsyria.com/story/337/Man%20behind%20the%20wheel |title=Man behind the wheel |author=Sami Moubayed |publisher=Forward Syria |date=July 1, 2009 |accessdate=2011-09-27 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110711021234/http://www.forwardsyria.com/story/337/Man%20behind%20the%20wheel |archivedate=July 11, 2011 }}</ref> |
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Ghosn is the divorced father of four grown children.<ref name=dumaine>Dumaine, Brian. [http://fortune.com/2014/12/29/renault-nissan-carlos-ghosn/ "Renault-Nissan: Can anyone succeed Carlos Ghosn?"]. ''[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]]''. December 29, 2014.</ref> He has residences in France, Japan, and Brazil.<ref name=dumaine /> |
Ghosn is the divorced father of four grown children.<ref name=dumaine>Dumaine, Brian. [http://fortune.com/2014/12/29/renault-nissan-carlos-ghosn/ "Renault-Nissan: Can anyone succeed Carlos Ghosn?"]. ''[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]]''. December 29, 2014.</ref> He has residences in France, Japan, and Brazil.<ref name=dumaine /> |
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===In the media=== |
===In the media=== |
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Beginning in November 2001, Ghosn's life story was turned into a superhero comic book series in Japan, titled ''The True Story of Carlos Ghosn'', in the [[manga]] comic book ''[[Big Comic Superior]]''.<ref name=unlikely>Zaun, Todd. |
Beginning in November 2001, Ghosn's life story was turned into a superhero comic book series in Japan, titled ''The True Story of Carlos Ghosn'', in the [[manga]] comic book ''[[Big Comic Superior]]''.<ref name=unlikely>Zaun, Todd.{{cite web |
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|url=http://www.tomcoyner.com/nissan_ghosn_star_of_japanese_comic.htm |
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|title="Nissan's Carlos Ghosn Becomes Unlikely Star of Japanese Comic" |
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|accessdate=2007-10-16 |
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|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071228234014/http://www.tomcoyner.com/nissan_ghosn_star_of_japanese_comic.htm |
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}} . ''[[Wall Street Journal]]''. |
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⚫ | December 27, 2001.</ref> The series was published as a book in 2002.<ref name=mit /><ref>[http://bc-superior.net/history/034/index.html "Winding up 2002"] {{wayback|url=http://bc-superior.net/history/034/index.html |date=20080214184648 }}. ''[[Big Comic Superior]] Newsletter''. January 18, 2003.</ref> |
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Ghosn also has a Japanese [[bento box]] named after him on the menus at some Tokyo restaurants.<ref name=bosses /> Bento boxes are popular with businessmen, students, and others who want a quick lunch. The ''[[Financial Times]]'' called the "Carlos Ghosn Bento" a "measure of the extraordinary rise of Mr. Ghosn in Japan that he should be deemed worthy enough to eat. The Japanese take their food seriously and do not welcome foreign intrusions. As such, the 'Ghosn bento' could be seen as a Japanese way of bestowing acceptance upon him."<ref name=bosses>Ibison, David and James Mackintosh. [http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/1/530603e4-0de3-11db-a385-0000779e2340.html#axzz3E6B9Dej4 "The boss among bosses"]. ''[[Financial Times]]''. 7 July 2006.</ref> |
Ghosn also has a Japanese [[bento box]] named after him on the menus at some Tokyo restaurants.<ref name=bosses /> Bento boxes are popular with businessmen, students, and others who want a quick lunch. The ''[[Financial Times]]'' called the "Carlos Ghosn Bento" a "measure of the extraordinary rise of Mr. Ghosn in Japan that he should be deemed worthy enough to eat. The Japanese take their food seriously and do not welcome foreign intrusions. As such, the 'Ghosn bento' could be seen as a Japanese way of bestowing acceptance upon him."<ref name=bosses>Ibison, David and James Mackintosh. [http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/1/530603e4-0de3-11db-a385-0000779e2340.html#axzz3E6B9Dej4 "The boss among bosses"]. ''[[Financial Times]]''. 7 July 2006.</ref> |
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Ghosn is the subject of a number of books in English, Japanese, and French. In English, he wrote a best-selling business book called ''Shift: Inside Nissan's Historic Revival''.<ref>Ghosn, Carlos. [http://www.amazon.com/dp/0385512910 ''Shift: Inside Nissan's Historic Revival'']. Crown Business, 2006.</ref> He was the subject of another business book called ''Turnaround: How Carlos Ghosn Rescued Nissan'' by David Magee.<ref>Magee, David. [http://www.amazon.com/dp/006051485X ''Turnaround: How Carlos Ghosn Rescued Nissan'']. HarperBusiness, 2003.</ref> He also provided strategic business commentary and on-the-job lessons to aspiring managers in a book called ''The Ghosn Factor: 24 Inspiring Lessons From Carlos Ghosn, the Most Successful Transnational CEO'' by Miguel Rivas-Micoud.<ref>Rivas-Micoud, Miguel. [http://www.amazon.com/dp/0071485953 ''The Ghosn Factor: 24 Lessons the World's Most Dynamic CEO'']. McGraw-Hill, 2006.</ref> |
Ghosn is the subject of a number of books in English, Japanese, and French. In English, he wrote a best-selling business book called ''Shift: Inside Nissan's Historic Revival''.<ref>Ghosn, Carlos. [http://www.amazon.com/dp/0385512910 ''Shift: Inside Nissan's Historic Revival'']. Crown Business, 2006.</ref> He was the subject of another business book called ''Turnaround: How Carlos Ghosn Rescued Nissan'' by David Magee.<ref>Magee, David. [http://www.amazon.com/dp/006051485X ''Turnaround: How Carlos Ghosn Rescued Nissan'']. HarperBusiness, 2003.</ref> He also provided strategic business commentary and on-the-job lessons to aspiring managers in a book called ''The Ghosn Factor: 24 Inspiring Lessons From Carlos Ghosn, the Most Successful Transnational CEO'' by Miguel Rivas-Micoud.<ref>Rivas-Micoud, Miguel. [http://www.amazon.com/dp/0071485953 ''The Ghosn Factor: 24 Lessons the World's Most Dynamic CEO'']. McGraw-Hill, 2006.</ref> |
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Ghosn's quest to develop Nissan's line of zero-emission electric cars is one of the four subjects of the 2011 documentary ''[[Revenge of the Electric Car]]''.<ref name=trailer /> The zero-emission [[Nissan Leaf]], which Nissan began delivering in late 2010 in the United States and Japan, is the world's first mass-produced zero-emission electric vehicle.<ref name=unveils /><ref name=delivers /> Ghosn authorized more than $5 billion to bring the Leaf, and numerous derivative electric cars based on the Leaf's architecture, to market—a gamble that prompted ''[[BusinessWeek]]'' to ask whether he was "crazy".<ref name=gambles>{{cite web|url=http://www.businessweek.com/autos/autobeat/archives/2010/05/nissans_ghosn_gambles_big_on_electric_cars.html |author=David Welch |title=Nissan's Ghosn gambles big on electric cars |publisher=''[[BusinessWeek]]'' |date=May 26, 2010 |accessdate=2011-09-27}}</ref> |
Ghosn's quest to develop Nissan's line of zero-emission electric cars is one of the four subjects of the 2011 documentary ''[[Revenge of the Electric Car]]''.<ref name=trailer /> The zero-emission [[Nissan Leaf]], which Nissan began delivering in late 2010 in the United States and Japan, is the world's first mass-produced zero-emission electric vehicle.<ref name=unveils /><ref name=delivers /> Ghosn authorized more than $5 billion to bring the Leaf, and numerous derivative electric cars based on the Leaf's architecture, to market—a gamble that prompted ''[[BusinessWeek]]'' to ask whether he was "crazy".<ref name=gambles>{{cite web|url=http://www.businessweek.com/autos/autobeat/archives/2010/05/nissans_ghosn_gambles_big_on_electric_cars.html |author=David Welch |title=Nissan's Ghosn gambles big on electric cars |publisher=''[[BusinessWeek]]'' |date=May 26, 2010 |accessdate=2011-09-27 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110417041457/http://www.businessweek.com/autos/autobeat/archives/2010/05/nissans_ghosn_gambles_big_on_electric_cars.html |archivedate=2011-04-17 |df= }}</ref> |
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Ghosn is a frequent subject of university thesis papers and essays among business students. ''CyberEssays'' has a section dedicated to papers about Ghosn's corporate leadership.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cyberessays.com/lists/carlos-ghosn-as-a-leader/page0.html |title=Free Essays on Carlos Ghosn As a Leader 1 - 30 |publisher=Cyberessays.com |date= |accessdate=2011-09-27}}</ref> One of the more commonly cited thesis papers is the June 2005 [[MBA]] thesis written by Koji Nakae of the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]] [[MIT Sloan School of Management|Sloan School of Management]], which compares Ghosn to U.S. General [[Douglas MacArthur]], who restructured Japanese society after World War II.<ref name=mit /> |
Ghosn is a frequent subject of university thesis papers and essays among business students. ''CyberEssays'' has a section dedicated to papers about Ghosn's corporate leadership.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cyberessays.com/lists/carlos-ghosn-as-a-leader/page0.html |title=Free Essays on Carlos Ghosn As a Leader 1 - 30 |publisher=Cyberessays.com |date= |accessdate=2011-09-27}}</ref> One of the more commonly cited thesis papers is the June 2005 [[MBA]] thesis written by Koji Nakae of the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]] [[MIT Sloan School of Management|Sloan School of Management]], which compares Ghosn to U.S. General [[Douglas MacArthur]], who restructured Japanese society after World War II.<ref name=mit /> |
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In October 2006, Ghosn was made an [[List of honorary British knights and dames|Honorary Knight Commander]] of the [[Order of the British Empire]].<ref>[http://uk.reuters.com/article/2006/10/24/autos-ghosn-knight-idUKNOA42749020061024 "Car maker turnaround king Ghosn now a knight"]. ''[[Reuters]]''. October 24, 2006.</ref> |
In October 2006, Ghosn was made an [[List of honorary British knights and dames|Honorary Knight Commander]] of the [[Order of the British Empire]].<ref>[http://uk.reuters.com/article/2006/10/24/autos-ghosn-knight-idUKNOA42749020061024 "Car maker turnaround king Ghosn now a knight"]. ''[[Reuters]]''. October 24, 2006.</ref> |
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In 2010, ''CEO Quarterly'' magazine listed Ghosn as one of the "Most Respected CEOs"<ref>[http://www.ceoqmagazine.com/mostrespectedceos/ceo_nissan_carlosghosn.htm Most Respected CEOs]. ''CEO Quarterly''. 2010.</ref> |
In 2010, ''CEO Quarterly'' magazine listed Ghosn as one of the "Most Respected CEOs"<ref>[http://www.ceoqmagazine.com/mostrespectedceos/ceo_nissan_carlosghosn.htm Most Respected CEOs] {{wayback|url=http://www.ceoqmagazine.com/mostrespectedceos/ceo_nissan_carlosghosn.htm |date=20110823071344 }}. ''CEO Quarterly''. 2010.</ref> |
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In November 2011, CNBC listed Ghosn as Asia Business Leader of the Year.<ref>Bagchee, Deepanshu. [http://www.cnbc.com/id/45430973/Carlos_Ghosn_Named_Asia_Business_Leader_of_the_Year "Carlos Ghosn Named Asia Business Leader of the Year"]. ''[[CNBC]]''. November 24, 2011.</ref> |
In November 2011, CNBC listed Ghosn as Asia Business Leader of the Year.<ref>Bagchee, Deepanshu. [http://www.cnbc.com/id/45430973/Carlos_Ghosn_Named_Asia_Business_Leader_of_the_Year "Carlos Ghosn Named Asia Business Leader of the Year"] {{wayback|url=http://www.cnbc.com/id/45430973/Carlos_Ghosn_Named_Asia_Business_Leader_of_the_Year |date=20111127190134 }}. ''[[CNBC]]''. November 24, 2011.</ref> |
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In June 2012, Ghosn received the Japan Society Award.<ref>[http://www.japansociety.org/event/japan-society-2012-annual-dinner Japan Society 2012 Annual Dinner]. Japan Society. June 7, 2012.</ref> |
In June 2012, Ghosn received the Japan Society Award.<ref>[http://www.japansociety.org/event/japan-society-2012-annual-dinner Japan Society 2012 Annual Dinner] {{wayback|url=http://www.japansociety.org/event/japan-society-2012-annual-dinner |date=20120519225412 }}. Japan Society. June 7, 2012.</ref> |
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In October 2012, Ghosn became the first person in the auto industry, and the fourth overall, to win a Lifetime Achievement Award from the [[Strategic Management Society]], a non-profit group that promotes ethical and strategic business stewardship.<ref>[http://blog.alliance-renault-nissan.com/content/ghosn-wins-lifetime-achievement-award-strategic-management-society "Ghosn wins 'lifetime achievement' award from Strategic Management Society"]. [[Renault-Nissan Alliance]]. October 8, 2012.</ref> |
In October 2012, Ghosn became the first person in the auto industry, and the fourth overall, to win a Lifetime Achievement Award from the [[Strategic Management Society]], a non-profit group that promotes ethical and strategic business stewardship.<ref>[http://blog.alliance-renault-nissan.com/content/ghosn-wins-lifetime-achievement-award-strategic-management-society "Ghosn wins 'lifetime achievement' award from Strategic Management Society"]. [[Renault-Nissan Alliance]]. October 8, 2012.</ref> |
Revision as of 15:27, 15 November 2016
Carlos Ghosn | |
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Born | Porto Velho, Brazil | March 9, 1954
Nationality | Brazilian; Lebanese; French |
Alma mater | École Polytechnique (1974) École des Mines (1978) |
Occupation(s) | Chairman and CEO of Renault, Nissan, and Renault-Nissan Alliance; Chairman of Mitsubishi Motors |
Carlos Ghosn, KBE (born March 9, 1954) is a Brazilian-Lebanese-French[1] businessman born in Porto Velho, Brazil, who is currently the Chairman and CEO of France-based Renault, Chairman and CEO of Japan-based Nissan, and Chairman of Mitsubishi Motors. From June 2013 to June 2016, Ghosn was Chairman of Russia-based automobile manufacturer AvtoVAZ.[2][3][4] Ghosn is also Chairman and CEO of the Renault-Nissan Alliance, the strategic partnership overseeing Nissan and Renault through a unique cross-shareholding agreement. The Alliance, which includes AvtoVAZ and Mitsubishi, has held approximately 10% of the global market share since 2010, and as of 2016 is the fourth largest automobile group worldwide.[5][6][7][8][9]
After his radical restructuring of Renault that returned the company to profitability in the late 1990s Ghosn became known as "Le Cost Killer".[10] In the early 2000s, for orchestrating one of the auto industry's most aggressive downsizing campaigns and spearheading the turnaround of Nissan from its near bankruptcy in 1999, he earned the nickname "Mr. Fix It".[11]
Following the Nissan financial turnaround, in 2002 Fortune awarded him Asia Businessman of the Year.[12][13] In 2003 Fortune identified him as one of the 10 most powerful people in business outside the U.S.,[14] and its Asian edition voted him Man of the Year.[15] Surveys jointly published by the Financial Times and PricewaterhouseCoopers named him the fourth most respected business leader in 2003,[16] and the third most respected business leader in 2004 and in 2005.[17][18][19] He quickly achieved celebrity status in Japan and in the business world,[20][21] and his life has been chronicled in a Japanese manga comic book.[22] Ghosn has been asked to run at least two other automakers, General Motors and Ford.[23] His decision to spend €4 billion (more than $5 billion)[24] so Renault and Nissan could jointly develop an entire lineup of electric cars including the Nissan Leaf, billed as "the world's first affordable zero-emission car",[25][26] is one of the four subjects of the 2011 documentary Revenge of the Electric Car.[27]
Early life and education
Ghosn's grandfather Bichara Ghosn emigrated from Lebanon to Brazil at the age of 13, eventually settling in remote Guaporé, Rondônia, near the border between Brazil and Bolivia.[28] Bichara Ghosn was an entrepreneur and eventually headed several companies, in fields including the rubber trade, the sale and purchase of agricultural products, and aviation.[29] His son Jorge Ghosn married a Nigerian-born woman whose family also came from Lebanon,[30] and they settled in Porto Velho, the state capital of Rondônia.[31]
Carlos Ghosn was born on March 9, 1954 in Porto Velho.[31][32][33] When he was about two years old he became sick after drinking unsanitary water, and his mother moved with him to Rio de Janeiro.[31] He did not fully recover there, and in 1960, when Ghosn was six years old, he and his mother and sister moved to Beirut, Lebanon, where his grandmother lived.[31]
Ghosn completed his secondary school studies in Lebanon, at the Jesuit school Collège Notre-Dame de Jamhour. He then completed his classes préparatoires in Paris, at the Collège Stanislas and the Lycée Saint-Louis.[34] He graduated with university engineering degrees from the École Polytechnique in 1974 and the École des Mines de Paris in 1978.[32][35][36]
Career
From Michelin to Renault
After graduation in 1978, Ghosn spent 18 years at Michelin, Europe's largest tire maker, initially training and working in several plants in France and Germany.[32][37] In 1981, he became plant manager in Le Puy-en-Velay, France.[32][38] In 1984 he was named head of research and development for the company's industrial tire division.[32][39]
In 1985, when Ghosn was 30 years old, he was appointed Chief Operating Officer (COO) of Michelin’s South American operations.[32][40] He returned to Rio de Janeiro, reporting directly to François Michelin, who tasked Ghosn with turning around the operation, which was unprofitable and struggling under Brazil's hyperinflation.[40][41] Ghosn formed cross-functional management teams to determine best practices among the French, Brazilian, and other nationalities working in the South American division.[42] The multicultural experience in Brazil formed the basis of his cross-cultural management style and emphasis on diversity as a core business asset.[42][43] "You learn from diversity ... but you're comforted by commonality", Ghosn has said.[44] The division returned to profitability in two years.[42][45][46]
After turning around Michelin's South American operations, Ghosn was appointed President and COO of Michelin North America in 1989, and moved to Greenville, South Carolina with his family.[47] He was promoted to CEO of Michelin North America in 1990.[42][47] He presided over the restructuring of the company after its acquisition of the Uniroyal Goodrich Tire Company.[32][48]
In 1996, the ailing French auto manufacturer Renault recruited Ghosn as Executive Vice President in charge of purchasing, advanced research, engineering and development, powertrain operations, and manufacturing; and he was also in charge of Renault’s South American division, located in the Mercosur.[32][49] Ghosn's radical restructuring of Renault successfully returned the company to profitability in 1997.[10][50]
Nissan and the Renault-Nissan Alliance
In March 1999, Renault and Nissan formed the Renault-Nissan Alliance, and in May 1999 Renault purchased a 36.8% stake in Nissan.[51] While maintaining his roles at Renault, Ghosn joined Nissan as its Chief Operating Officer (COO) in June 1999, became its President in June 2000, and was named Chief Executive Officer (CEO) in June 2001.[32] When he joined the company, Nissan had a consolidated interest-bearing net automotive debt of more than $20 billion (more than 2 trillion yen),[41][52] and only three of its 46 models sold in Japan were generating a profit.[53] Reversing the company's sinking fortunes was considered nearly impossible.[54][55][56][57]
Ghosn's "Nissan Revival Plan", announced in October 1999, called for a return to profitability in fiscal year 2000, a profit margin in excess of 4.5% of sales by the end of fiscal year 2002, and a 50% reduction in the current level of debt by the end of fiscal year 2002.[58][59][60] Ghosn promised to resign if these goals were not met.[61] Ghosn's Nissan Revival Plan called for cutting 21,000 Nissan jobs (14% of total workforce), mostly in Japan; shutting five Japanese plants; reducing the number of suppliers and shareholdings; and auctioning off prized assets such as Nissan's aerospace unit.[58][62][63]
Ghosn was the fourth non-Japanese person to lead a Japanese automaker, after Mark Fields, Henry Wallace, and James Miller were appointed by Ford to run Mazda in the late 1990s.[64] In addition to cutting jobs, plants, and suppliers, Ghosn spearheaded major and dramatic structural and corporate-culture changes at Nissan. He defied Japanese business etiquette in various ways, including by eliminating seniority-based and age-based promotion, by changing lifetime employment from a guarantee to a desired goal for when the company achieved high performance, and by dismantling Nissan's keiretsu system – an interwoven web of parts suppliers with cross-holdings in Nissan.[65][66][67] When the Nissan Revival Plan was announced, the proposed dismantling of keiretsu earned Ghosn the nickname "keiretsu killer",[68] and the Wall Street Journal quoted a Dresdner Kleinwort Benson analyst in Tokyo as saying Ghosn might become a "target of public outrage" if Nissan threw former affiliates out of its supply chain.[69][70] Ghosn changed Nissan's official company language from Japanese to English, and included executives from Europe and North America in key global strategy sessions for the first time.[71][72]
In the first year of the Nissan Revival Plan, Nissan's consolidated net profit after tax climbed to $2.7 billion for fiscal year 2000,[73] from a consolidated net loss of $6.46 billion in the previous year.[74] Twelve months into his three-year turnaround plan, Nissan had returned to profitability, and within three years it was one of the industry's most profitable auto makers, with operating margins consistently above 9%—more than twice the industry average.[75] The goals of the Nissan Revival Plan were all reached before March 31, 2002.[76]
In May 2002 Ghosn announced his next set of goals for the company, "Nissan 180", a three-year plan for growth based on the numbers 1, 8, and 0: By the end of September 2005 Nissan planned to increase its global sales by one million vehicles; and by the spring of 2005 it was committed to achieving an operating margin of at least 8% and reducing its net automotive debt to zero.[77][78] These goals were all reached:[79] In the spring of 2003 Nissan announced that its net automotive debt was eliminated in fiscal year 2002.[80][81] Nissan's operating profit margin climbed to 11.1% in fiscal year 2003;[82] it had been 1.4% in fiscal year 1999.[83] In October 2005 Nissan announced that its annual sales from September 30, 2004 to September 30, 2005 were more than 3.67 million, up from the 2.6 million vehicles sold in the fiscal year ended March 2002.[84][85]
In May 2005, Ghosn was named President and Chief Executive Officer of Renault. When he assumed the CEO roles at both Renault and Nissan, Ghosn became the world's first person to run two companies on the Fortune Global 500 simultaneously.[86]
In 2005, billionaire investor Kirk Kerkorian acquired a 9.9% stake in General Motors (GM) and seated one of his representatives on the company's board, then urged GM to investigate a merger with Renault and Nissan with Ghosn as the new Chairman of GM. In 2006, GM's embattled management rebuffed the takeover attempt, and by the end of the year, Kerkorian's Tracinda Corp. sold most of its GM stock.[87]
In 2006, Ford Motor Co. made Ghosn a formal offer to lead the company, according to the book American Icon: Alan Mulally and the Fight to Save Ford Motor Company by Bryce Hoffman.[88] Ghosn refused, reportedly saying the only way he would come to the struggling company was if he was named both the CEO and Chairman of the board. Bill Ford Jr. refused to give up his chairmanship.[89]
In 2007, Ghosn led the Renault-Nissan Alliance into the mass-market zero-emission electric car market in a major way, and committed €4 billion (more than $5 billion) to the effort.[24][90][91][92] In 2008 he confirmed that Nissan-Renault would bring an "entire lineup" of zero-emission electric cars to the worldwide market by 2012.[93][94] In 2009, he told the University of Pennsylvania's Wharton School of Business, "If you're going to let developing countries have as many cars as they want—and they're going to have as many cars as they want one way or another—there is no absolutely alternative but to go for zero emissions. And the only zero-emissions vehicle available today is electric.... So we decided to go for it."[95] The Nissan Leaf, an electric car billed as "the world's first affordable zero-emission car",[25][26] debuted in December 2010.[90][96]
In 2008, Ghosn was named Chairman, President, and CEO of Nissan. In 2009 he was named Chairman and CEO of Renault.[32]
Ghosn was a visible leader in recovery efforts after the Japanese earthquake and tsunami on March 11, 2011, one of the worst natural disasters in modern history.[97] On March 29, 2011, he made the first of several visits to the hard-hit Iwaki engine plant in Fukushima prefecture, 50 km (31 miles) from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant,[98][99][100] and at his direction Nissan restored full operations at the Iwaki factory well ahead of expectations.[101][102][103] He appeared on television in Japan to encourage optimism.[100][104][105][106] In May 2011 Ghosn remained committed to building at least 1 million of Nissan's cars and trucks in Japan annually.[107]
In June 2012, Ghosn was named Deputy Chairman of the Board of Directors of Russian automobile manufacturer AvtoVAZ.[108] In June 2013 he was appointed Chairman of the Russian company, a position he retained through June 2016.[109][2][110][3][4] Renault had begun a strategic partnership with AvtoVAZ in 2008 by acquiring a 25% stake in the company;[111] this led to increasingly deeper partnerships between Renault-Nissan and AvtoVAZ,[112] ending in Renault-Nissan Alliance control of the Russian automaker in 2014.[113]
Mitsubishi
In October 2016, Nissan completed the acquisition of a controlling 34% stake in Mitsubishi Motors. Ghosn became, in addition to his Renault-Nissan posts, Chairman of Mitsubishi, with an aim to rehabilitate the automaker after a months-long scandal involving fuel-economy misrepresentation and consequent falling revenues. The Nissan-Mitsubishi partnership includes partnership in developing electric automobiles for Mitsubishi, and the Renault-Nissan-Mitsubishi alliance creates the world’s fourth-largest auto group, after Toyota, Volkswagen AG, and General Motors Co.[5][114][115]
Advisorships
Ghosn served on the International Advisory Board of Brazilian bank Banco Itaú until 2015.[116][117] He is also a member of the Advisory Board of Tsinghua University School of Economics and Management in Beijing.[118] He has received an honorary doctorate from American University of Beirut;[119] and he is a member of the Strategic Council, Saint Joseph University of Beirut.[120] In May 2014, he was elected president of the European Automobile Manufacturers Association; he serves as Governor of the World Economic Forum.[121]
Personal life
Ghosn, whom Forbes magazine called "the hardest-working man in the brutally competitive global car business",[42] splits his time between Paris and Tokyo and logs roughly 150,000 miles in airplanes per year.[42] Japanese media have called him "Seven-Eleven" ("work very hard from early in the morning till late at night").[70] He holds both Brazilian and French citizenships.[122] He has been noted for his direct, no-nonsense, results-oriented and execution-oriented style in business strategy meetings,[42] but also for his interest in resolving problems from within a company by listening to workers and by cross-functional and cross-cultural team groupings.[67]
Ghosn is multilingual and speaks four languages fluently: French, Portuguese, English, and Arabic, and he has also studied Japanese.[45][123] He also maintains ties to Lebanon, where he lived for 10 years and where he completed his primary and secondary education. He is a partner in Ixsir, a winery in the northern coastal town of Batroun, Lebanon.[124] In 2012 he was named to the Honorary Board of the American Foundation of Saint George Hospital in Beirut.[125][126]
Ghosn has been hailed as a potential presidential candidate in Lebanon.[127][128] In a June 2011 survey by life-insurance company AXA, Ghosn was ranked No. 7 in a random poll asking Japanese people, "Which celebrity do you want to run Japan?" (Barack Obama was No. 9, and Prime Minister Naoto Kan was No. 19.)[129][130][131][132] He has so far declined such overtures, saying he has "no political ambitions".[127]
Ghosn is the divorced father of four grown children.[133] He has residences in France, Japan, and Brazil.[133]
In the media
Beginning in November 2001, Ghosn's life story was turned into a superhero comic book series in Japan, titled The True Story of Carlos Ghosn, in the manga comic book Big Comic Superior.[134] The series was published as a book in 2002.[70][135]
Ghosn also has a Japanese bento box named after him on the menus at some Tokyo restaurants.[136] Bento boxes are popular with businessmen, students, and others who want a quick lunch. The Financial Times called the "Carlos Ghosn Bento" a "measure of the extraordinary rise of Mr. Ghosn in Japan that he should be deemed worthy enough to eat. The Japanese take their food seriously and do not welcome foreign intrusions. As such, the 'Ghosn bento' could be seen as a Japanese way of bestowing acceptance upon him."[136]
Ghosn is the subject of a number of books in English, Japanese, and French. In English, he wrote a best-selling business book called Shift: Inside Nissan's Historic Revival.[137] He was the subject of another business book called Turnaround: How Carlos Ghosn Rescued Nissan by David Magee.[138] He also provided strategic business commentary and on-the-job lessons to aspiring managers in a book called The Ghosn Factor: 24 Inspiring Lessons From Carlos Ghosn, the Most Successful Transnational CEO by Miguel Rivas-Micoud.[139]
Ghosn's quest to develop Nissan's line of zero-emission electric cars is one of the four subjects of the 2011 documentary Revenge of the Electric Car.[27] The zero-emission Nissan Leaf, which Nissan began delivering in late 2010 in the United States and Japan, is the world's first mass-produced zero-emission electric vehicle.[25][96] Ghosn authorized more than $5 billion to bring the Leaf, and numerous derivative electric cars based on the Leaf's architecture, to market—a gamble that prompted BusinessWeek to ask whether he was "crazy".[91]
Ghosn is a frequent subject of university thesis papers and essays among business students. CyberEssays has a section dedicated to papers about Ghosn's corporate leadership.[140] One of the more commonly cited thesis papers is the June 2005 MBA thesis written by Koji Nakae of the MIT Sloan School of Management, which compares Ghosn to U.S. General Douglas MacArthur, who restructured Japanese society after World War II.[70]
Awards and recognition
As a result of his achievements, Ghosn has had numerous awards and honors bestowed upon him. Some of these include:
In 2002 Fortune awarded him Asia Businessman of the Year.[12][13]
In 2003, he was named Man of the Year by Fortune magazine's Asian edition.[15]
In 2003 Fortune listed him as one of the 10 most powerful business leaders outside the U.S.[14]
In 2004, he was added to the Automotive Hall of Fame.[141]
In 2004, he was also added to the Japan Automotive Hall of Fame.[142]
In October 2006, Ghosn was made an Honorary Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire.[143]
In 2010, CEO Quarterly magazine listed Ghosn as one of the "Most Respected CEOs"[144]
In November 2011, CNBC listed Ghosn as Asia Business Leader of the Year.[145]
In June 2012, Ghosn received the Japan Society Award.[146]
In October 2012, Ghosn became the first person in the auto industry, and the fourth overall, to win a Lifetime Achievement Award from the Strategic Management Society, a non-profit group that promotes ethical and strategic business stewardship.[147]
In October 2012, Ghosn was awarded the Grand Cross of the Order of Isabella the Catholic, an honorific designation to civilians in recognition of services that benefit Spain.[148]
In 2013, he was appointed an International Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering.[149]
Sources
- Ghosn, Carlos. SHIFT: Inside Nissan's Historic Revival. Crown Publishing Group, 2007.
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{{cite web}}
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{{cite news}}
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- ^ March 29, 2011 broadcast 23:00 to 23:58 (broadcast notes). TV Tokyo.
- ^ "Ghosn visits affected Nissan factory to encourage employees". News24.jp. May 17, 2011.
- ^ Kitamura, Makiko and Yuki Hagiwara. "Ghosn Says Suppliers Recovering From Quake". Bloomberg. May 12, 2011.
- ^ "The composition of the Board of Directors of AVTOVAZ since June 28, 2012". Archived from the original on 2012-08-20. Retrieved 2014-09-21.
{{cite web}}
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- ^ Avtovaz OAO: Directors & Officers – Carlos Ghosn. Financial Times. Retrieved November 11, 2014.
- ^ RENAULT AND AVTOVAZ CONFIRM THEIR STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP. Renault (press release). February 29, 2008.
- ^ "Renault-Nissan to take control of Lada-owner Avtovaz". BBC News. May 3, 2012.
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- ^ List of Fellows. Royal Academy of Engineering. Retrieved November 24, 2014.
- 1954 births
- Brazilian chief executives
- Brazilian people of Arab descent
- Brazilian people of Lebanese descent
- French chairmen of corporations
- Chief executives in the automobile industry
- Collège Stanislas de Paris alumni
- École Polytechnique alumni
- French chief executives
- French people of Lebanese descent
- Honorary Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire
- Japanese chief executives
- Lebanese chief executives
- Living people
- Middle Eastern Christians
- Mines ParisTech alumni
- Nissan people
- People from Rondônia
- People in the automobile industry
- Renault people
- Chief operating officers
- Brazilian chairmen of corporations
- Lebanese chairmen of corporations