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Revelation 8

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Revelation 8
Revelation 1:13-2:1 on the verso side of Papyrus 98 from the second century.
BookBook of Revelation
CategoryApocalypse
Christian Bible partNew Testament
Order in the Christian part27

Revelation 8 is the eighth chapter of the Book of Revelation or the Apocalypse of John in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. The book is traditionally attributed to John the Apostle,[1][2] but the precise identity of the author remains a point of academic debate.[3]

In verse 1, the opening of the seventh seal concludes a section beginning in chapter 6 which records the opening of the "Seven Seals". Verses 2-13 and chapters 9 to 11 contain an account relating to the sounding of the "Seven Trumpets".[4][5] In chapter 8, the first four angels' trumpets are sounded.

Text

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The original text was written in Koine Greek. This chapter is divided into 13 verses.

Textual witnesses

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Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter are among others:[6][a]

The seven angels with seven trumpets, and the angel with a censer, from the Bamberg Apocalypse.

The Seventh Seal (8:1–5)

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Verse 1

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When He (the Lamb) opened the seventh seal, there was silence in heaven for about half an hour.[8]

"The silence in heaven, lasting about a half-hour, begins at the place where the songs of praise still resound (Revelation 7:10–12)."[9] The Expanded Bible describes the silence as "a dramatic pause induced by awe".[10] Silence in the presence of God is evoked by several of the minor prophets: Habakkuk 2:20, Zephaniah 1:7 and Zechariah 2:13.[11]

Verse 2

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And I saw the seven angels who stand before God, and to them were given seven trumpets.[12]
  • "The seven angels who stand before God": Heinrich Meyer notes that these are "seven particular angels, not called 'archangels', who, with a certain precedency above all the rest, stand before God".[9] In the deuterocanonical Book of Tobit, Raphael introduces himself as "the angel Raphael, one of the seven, who stand before the Lord".[13] W. H. Simcox, in the Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges commentary, suggests that the passage in Tobit bears reference to "a popular Jewish belief as to these Angels" and that "St John’s vision is expressed in terms of that belief and, it may fairly be thought, sanctions it with his prophetic authority".[4]

Verse 3

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And another angel came and stood at the altar, having a golden censer; and there was given unto him much incense, that he should offer it with the prayers of all saints upon the golden altar which was before the throne.[14]

The First Four Trumpets (8:6–12)

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Similar to the first four seals, 'the first four trumpet-blasts' form a quartet', each affecting a third of the four regions of God's creation: earth, sea, fresh water, and heavens (cf. Revelation 14:7).[15]

Verse 6

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And the seven angels which had the seven trumpets prepared themselves to sound.[16]

Mayer points out that "this includes the grasping of the trumpets in such a way that they could bring them to their mouths".[9]

Verse 7

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And the first blew the trumpet, and there was hail and fire mixed with blood, and it was thrown to the earth, and a third of the earth was burned up, and a third of the trees were burned up, and all the green grass was burned up.[17]


Verse 8

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Then the second angel blew his trumpet, and a great mountain of fire was thrown into the sea. One-third of the water in the sea became blood,[18]


Verse 11

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And the name of the star is called Wormwood: and the third part of the waters became wormwood; and many men died of the waters, because they were made bitter.[19][20]

Before the Last Three Trumpets (8:13)

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This part serves as a marker (similar to the others in Revelation 9:12; Revelation 11:14) to indicate the sequence of the woes and to make aware the '(slow) progress' of the terrifying plagues.[15]

Verse 13

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And I looked, and I heard an angel flying through the midst of heaven, saying with a loud voice, "Woe, woe, woe to the inhabitants of the earth, because of the remaining blasts of the trumpet of the three angels who are about to sound!"[21]

See also

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Note

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  1. ^ The Book of Revelation is missing from Codex Vaticanus.[7]
  2. ^ NU: 'the 27th edition of the Nestle-Aland Greek New Testament' and 'the 4th edition United Bible Societies'; M:'the Greek New Testament According to the Majority Text'.

References

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  1. ^ Davids, Peter H (1982). I Howard Marshall and W Ward Gasque (ed.). New International Greek Testament Commentary: The Epistle of James (Repr. ed.). Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans. ISBN 0802823882.
  2. ^ Evans, Craig A (2005). Craig A Evans (ed.). Bible Knowledge Background Commentary: John, Hebrews-Revelation. Colorado Springs, Colo.: Victor. ISBN 0781442281.
  3. ^ F. L. Cross, The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, (New York: Oxford University Press, 1997), 45
  4. ^ a b Simcox, W. H., Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges on Revelation 8, accessed 27 October 2018
  5. ^ Bauckham 2007, p. 1289.
  6. ^ Elliott, J. K. "Revelations from the apparatus criticus of the Book of Revelation: How Textual Criticism Can Help Historians." Union Seminary Quarterly Review 63, no. 3-4 (2012): 1-23.
  7. ^ Claremont Coptic Encyclopaedia, Codex Vaticanus, accessed 29 September 2018
  8. ^ Revelation 8:1 NKJV; "the Lamb" is added in the English Standard Version and the Revised Standard Version
  9. ^ a b c Meyer, H. A. W., Meyer's NT Commentary on Revelation 8, accessed 26 October 2018
  10. ^ Revelation 8:1: Expanded Bible
  11. ^ Jerusalem Bible (1966), footnote at Revelation 8:1
  12. ^ Revelation 8:2 NKJV
  13. ^ Tobit 12:7 Douai-Rheims Bible
  14. ^ Revelation 8:3 KJV
  15. ^ a b Bauckham 2007, p. 1294.
  16. ^ Revelation 8:6 NKJV
  17. ^ Revelation 8:7 LEB
  18. ^ Revelation 8:8 NLT
  19. ^ Revelation 8:11 NKJV
  20. ^ John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible - Revelation 8:11
  21. ^ Revelation 8:13 NKJV
  22. ^ a b Revelation 8:13 Greek Text Analysis. Biblehub.com
  23. ^ Note [c] on Revelation 8:13 in NKJV
  24. ^ N-A28

Bibliography

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Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: Gill, John. Exposition of the Entire Bible (1746-1763).

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