Revelation 9
| Revelation 9 | |
|---|---|
.JPG) Revelation 1:13-2:1 on the verso side of Papyrus 98 from the second century. | |
| Book | Book of Revelation |
| Category | Apocalypse |
| Christian Bible part | New Testament |
| Order in the Christian part | 27 |
Revelation 9 is the ninth chapter of the Book of Revelation or the Apocalypse of John in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. The book is traditionally attributed to John the Apostle,[1][2] but the precise identity of the author remains a point of academic debate.[3] In this chapter, the next two angels' trumpets are sounded, following the sounding of the first four trumpets in chapter 8.[4] These two trumpets and the final trumpet, sounded in chapter 11, are sometimes called the "woe trumpets".[5]
Text
[edit]The original text was written in Koine Greek. This chapter is divided into 21 verses.
Textual witnesses
[edit]Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter are among others:[6][a]
- Papyrus 115 (ca. AD 275; extant verses 1–5, 7–16, 18–21)
- Papyrus 47 (3rd century)
- Papyrus 85 (4th century; extant verses 19–21)
- Codex Sinaiticus (330-360)
- Codex Alexandrinus (400-440)
- Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus (ca. 450; extant verses 17–21)
Old Testament references
[edit]The Fifth Trumpet (9:1–11)
[edit]
Verse 1
[edit]- Then the fifth angel sounded: And I saw a star fallen from heaven to the earth. To him was given the key to the bottomless pit.[9]
English nonconformist Moses Lowman explains that "stars, in the language of prophecy, signify angels.[10]
"The key to the bottomless pit" (Biblical Greek: ἡ κλεὶς τοῦ φρέατος τῆς ἀβύσσου, romanized: hē kleis tou phreatos tēs abyssou) is translated as "the key to the shaft of the Abyss" in the New International Version.
Verse 3
[edit]- Then out of the smoke locusts came upon the earth. And to them was given power, as the scorpions of the earth have power.[11]
These locusts are 'a demonized version of the army of locusts in Joel 2:1–11'.[12]
Verse 4
[edit]- They were commanded not to harm the grass of the earth, or any green thing, or any tree [13]
Early Methodist theologian Joseph Benson says that this instruction "demonstrates that they were not natural but symbolical locusts."[14]
Verse 11
[edit]- And they had as king over them the angel of the bottomless pit, whose name in Hebrew is Abaddon, but in Greek he has the name Apollyon.[15][16]
The Vulgate adds a Latin equivalent, latine habens nomen Exterminans, which the Wycliffe Bible explains as "Destroyer". The latter also describes the angel as "the angel of deepness".[17]
The Sixth Trumpet (9:12–21)
[edit]Verse 16
[edit]- Now the number of the army of the horsemen was two hundred million; I heard the number of them.[18]
See also
[edit]- Abaddon/Apollyon
- Euphrates
- Jesus Christ
- John's vision of the Son of Man
- Names and titles of Jesus in the New Testament
- Seven trumpets
- Related Bible parts: Joel 2, Revelation 8, Revelation 10, Revelation 11
Notes
[edit]- ^ The Book of Revelation is missing from Codex Vaticanus.[7]
References
[edit]- ^ Davids, Peter H (1982). I Howard Marshall and W Ward Gasque (ed.). New International Greek Testament Commentary: The Epistle of James (Repr. ed.). Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans. ISBN 0802823882.
- ^ Evans, Craig A (2005). Craig A Evans (ed.). Bible Knowledge Background Commentary: John, Hebrews-Revelation. Colorado Springs, Colo.: Victor. ISBN 0781442281.
- ^ F. L. Cross, The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, (New York: Oxford University Press, 1997), 45
- ^ Bauckham 2007, p. 1289.
- ^ Barnes, A., Barnes' Notes on Revelation 9, accessed 29 October 2018
- ^ Elliott, J. K. "Revelations from the apparatus criticus of the Book of Revelation: How Textual Criticism Can Help Historians." Union Seminary Quarterly Review 63, no. 3-4 (2012): 1-23.
- ^ Claremont Coptic Encyclopaedia, Codex Vaticanus, accessed 29 September 2018
- ^ "Biblical concordances of REvelation 9 in the 1611 King James Bible".
- ^ Revelation 9:1 NKJV
- ^ Lowman, M., Paraphrase and Notes upon the Revelation of St. John (1737, 1745; 1791, 1807), quoted by Joseph Benson in Benson Commentary on Revelation 9, accessed 31 October 2018
- ^ Revelation 9:3 KJV
- ^ Bauckham 2007, p. 1295.
- ^ Revelation 9:4 KJV
- ^ Benson, J., Benson Commentary on Revelation 9, accessed 31 October 2018
- ^ Revelation 9:11 NKJV
- ^ John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible - Revelation 9:11
- ^ Revelation 9:11: Wycliffe Bible
- ^ Revelation 9:16 NKJV
Bibliography
[edit]- Bauckham, Richard (2007). "81. Revelation". In Barton, John; Muddiman, John (eds.). The Oxford Bible Commentary (first (paperback) ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 1287–1306. ISBN 978-0199277186. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: Gill, John. Exposition of the Entire Bible (1746-1763).
External links
[edit]- Revelation 9 King James Bible - Wikisource
- English Translation with Parallel Latin Vulgate Archived 2019-06-17 at the Wayback Machine
- Online Bible at GospelHall.org (ESV, KJV, Darby, American Standard Version, Bible in Basic English)
- Multiple bible versions at Bible Gateway (NKJV, NIV, NRSV etc.)