Alice Springs town camps
Alice Springs town camps, officially called Alice Springs Community Living Areas, are Aboriginal communities within Alice Springs in the Northern Territory of Australia. Their origins vary. Many were originally designed to accommodate people visiting Alice Springs from remote communities but, for many, they have become a permanent and often generational home.[1][2]
Background
[edit]Alice Springs town camps began as early as the 1880s when Europeans first came to Central Australia following John McDouall Stuart's expedition, which was soon followed by pastoralists and, from 1872, the telegraph line and the establishment of the Alice Springs Telegraph Station.[3] As a direct result this Aboriginal people were forced from their lands and their camps, then called fringe camps, initially served as convenient ration distribution points and labour camps.[4]
By the 1900s opposition to the camps grew and various measures were attempted to remove them, including forced "evacuations" to surrounding missions, like the Sacred Heart Mission at Arltunga, 1929 and 1960. The township of Alice Springs was also declared a prohibited area for Aboriginal people from 1929 to 1960.[4][5]
However, things changed in the 1970s when town campers began demanding land tender, shelter and services and, in 1977, when they established the town camp governing body Tangentyere Council. Tangentyere is an Arrernte word meaning "all speaking together".[4]
As of 2019[update] there were between 1600 and 2000 people living in town camps permanently, many of whom receive many visitors from remote communities. The number of people living in the camps can almost double during major events in Alice Springs like the football carnival and the Alice Springs Show.[6]
Each camp is a distinct Aboriginal community, based on language and kinship groups.[6]
There is a high rate of domestic violence in the NT in general, including in the camps. Prominent anti-domestic violence campaigner and founding member of the Tangentyere Women’s Family Safety Group, 46-year-old R. Rubuntja, was murdered by her partner, who had a history of violent offences, in January 2021.[7][8] She had been known for her advocacy: in 2017, she spoke to politicians in Parliament House, Canberra, about domestic violence in Central Australia, and helped to organise a large women's march against violence in Alice Springs. She was elected Town Camp President of her community at Anthepe Camp in 2019.[9]
Existing town camps
[edit]The following aims to be a comprehensive list of town camps:
| Town camp Name | Alternative Name | Pronunciation | Meaning | Language | Tenure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mpwetyerre | Abbotts, BP | UM-BUTCHER-RAH | Place name | Arrernte, Warlpiri, Luritja, Pitjantjatjara | Special purpose lease |
| Basso's Farm | Place name | Arrernte, Kaytetye, Anmatyerre, Alywarre | Special purpose lease | ||
| Anthelk Ewlpaye | Charles Creek, Kunoth | UN-DERLK OOL-PIE | Gum leaf | Arrernte, Anmatyerre | Special purpose lease |
| Ilperle Tyathe | Warlpiri | ILP-ERL-A-CHATA | Ta Away/Ti Tree | Warlpiri | Special purpose lease |
| Karnte | KARNTA | Women's head dress | Luritja, Pitjantatjara | Crown lease | |
| Hoppy's | Warlpiri | Special purpose lease | |||
| Akngwertnarre | Morris Soak | UK-NOORT-NARA | Place Name | Arrernte, Warlpiri | Special purpose lease |
| Anthepe | Drive In | UN-DUPPA | Dreamtime dance, women's dancing | Arrernte, Warlipiri, Luritja, Pitjantatjara | Special purpose lease |
| Aper-Alwerrknge | Palmer's | UPPER AL-OORK-NA | Sinewy gum | Arrernte | Special purpose lease |
| Ewyenper Atwatya | Hidden Valley | OO-YEN-PER-A TWAH-JA | Spearbush gap | Arrernte, Warlpiri | Special purpose lease |
| Ilperenye | Old Timers | ILL-PA-RINYA | Green beetle | Arrernte, Warlpiri, Luritja, Pitjantatjara | Special purpose lease |
| Inarlenge | Little Sisters | INN-ARLUNG-AH | Porcupine, Echidna | Arrernte, Warlpiri, Luritja, Pitjantatjara | Crown lease |
| Mount Nancy | Place name | Arrernte, Kaytetye, Amatyerre, Alywarre | Special purpose lease | ||
| Yarrenyty-Arltere | Larapinta | YARR-WRENCH ARL-DER-AH | White devil dog | Arrernte, Pertame, Luritja | Special purpose lease |
| Nyewente | Trucking Yards | NEW-OONDA | Place name | Arrernte, Luritja | Special purpose lease |
| Ilparpa | IL-PAR-PA | Yam, Bush tucker | Arrernte, Pertame, Luritja | Special purpose lease | |
| Ilpiye Ilpiye | Golder's | ILP-EE ILP-EE | Needlewood bush, Women's head dress | Arrernte, Kaytetye | Special purpose lease |
| Lhenpe Artnwe | Anmatyerre | LUN-PA ART-NWE | Emu feathers, decoration in arm pit | Arrernte, Warlpiri, Anmatyerre | Special purpose lease |
| Anhelke | Namatjira's/Driffen's | UN-EARL-KA | Full of corkwood honey | Arrernte | Unofficial town camp |
| Irrkerlantye | White Gate | EAR-KER-LUNGE | Kitehawk | Arrernte | Unofficial town camp |
Notable people
[edit]- Shirleen Campbell, activist against family and domestic violence[10][11]
- Sally M. Nangala Mulda, artist, lives at Mpwetyerre (Abbotts)[12][13]
- Albert Namatjira, artist, lived at Akngwertnarre (Morris Soak)[14][15]
- Geoff Shaw, Aboriginal leader, lives at Mount Nancy[16][17]
References
[edit]- ^ "Alice Springs Town Camps". Office of Township Leasing. 11 July 2017. Retrieved 13 November 2019.
- ^ Government, Northern Territory (13 April 2018). "Frequently asked questions". dlghcd.nt.gov.au. Retrieved 13 November 2019.
- ^ "Heritage & History Of The Alice Springs Telegraph Station". Alice Springs Telegraph Station. Retrieved 13 November 2019.
- ^ a b c Coughlan, Frances Mary (1991). Aboriginal town camps and Tangentyere Council : the battle for self-determination in Alice Springs (Thesis thesis).
- ^ "A colonial chronology of Alice Springs | Central Land Council, Australia". www.clc.org.au. Retrieved 13 November 2019.
- ^ a b "About Us". Tangentyere Council. Retrieved 13 November 2019.
- ^ Jonscher, Samantha (14 May 2022). "Malcolm Abbott's domestic violence past shows 'urgent action' required to support First Nations". ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 17 May 2022.
- ^ Mabin, Saskia (1 April 2022). "Malcolm Abbott pleads guilty to murdering his partner who was a prominent anti-domestic violence campaigner". ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 17 May 2022.
- ^ Burns, Brielle (5 April 2022). "DV advocate R Rubuntja found to be murdered by partner". Mamamia. Retrieved 17 May 2022.
- ^ "Shirleen Campbell". Australian of the Year Awards. Archived from the original on 17 March 2021. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
- ^ "Capricornia Film Awards Announce Award Winners". FilmInk. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
- ^ "Artists | The National". www.the-national.com.au. Retrieved 6 January 2021.
- ^ "Artist Profile: Sally M Nangala Mulda". Art Edit Magazine. 30 May 2019. Retrieved 6 January 2021.
- ^ Kleinert, Sylvia, "Cultural Advice", Australian Dictionary of Biography, Canberra: National Centre of Biography, Australian National University, retrieved 6 January 2021
- ^ admin. "Resurgence in the 1960s and 1970s". The Hermannsburg School of Modern Art. Retrieved 6 January 2021.
- ^ "Tangentyere Council, Alice Springs". www.tangentyere.org.au. Retrieved 6 January 2021.
- ^ "'When will they listen to us?' Town camps on the fringe of Alice, but at the heart of Indigenous debate". the Guardian. 22 September 2015. Retrieved 6 January 2021.
Sources
[edit]- "Alice Springs Town Camps". Australian Government. Office of Township Leasing.
- "Welcome to the Tangentyere Council". Tangentyere Council.
Further reading
[edit]- Coughlan, Frances (1991). Aboriginal town camps and Tangentyere Council: the battle for self-determination in Alice Springs (PDF) (Thesis).
- Heppell, M; Wigley, J.J. (1981). Black out in Alice: A history of the establishment and development of town camps in Alice Springs (PDF). The Development Studies Centre Monograph no. 26. Australian National University. ISBN 0 909150 41 9.
External links
[edit]- "Township leasing map (search)". Australian Government. Office of Township Leasing.