Marcel Gaumont
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Marcel Gaumont | |
|---|---|
| Born | Armand Marcel Gaumont 27 January 1880 Tours |
| Died | 20 November 1962 Paris |
| Nationality | French |
| Education | École nationale supérieure des beaux-arts |
| Occupation | Sculptor |
Marcel Gaumont was a French sculptor born on 27 January 1880 in Tours. He died in Paris on 20 November 1962.
Biography
[edit]Gaumont was a pupil at the École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts in Paris and studied under Louis-Ernest Barrias, François-Léon Sicard and Jules Coutan. He was the joint winner of the 1908 "Prix de Rome" along with Camille Crenier and this took him to Rome's Villa Médicis from 1909 to 1912. He exhibited regularly at the Salon de la Société des artistes français and in 1935 won their gold medal. In 1937 his four Metopes won the major prize at the Exposition internationale de Paris. These works had decorated the western façade of the Palais de Tokyo at that exhibition. In 1938 he was made an officer of the "Légion d'honneur". In 1939 he became professor at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris and in 1944 he was elected to the French Académie des Beaux-Arts taking the chair vacated by Paul Gasq.
Works from Gaumont's time studying at the Beaux-arts de Paris, l'école nationale supérieure
[edit]Figure modelée d'après l'antique
[edit]This was Gaumont's submission to the school's 1900 competition for a "figure modelée" in the classical mode.[1]
Psyché
[edit]This was Gaumont's marble Ronde-bosse executed whilst a pupil at the school.[2]
Le jeune Sophocle après la victoire de Salamine
[edit]This was the plaster composition with which Gaumont shared the "Prix de Rome". The work is kept in the archives of the École nationale supérieure des beaux-arts in Paris.[3]
Other works
[edit]The tomb of Albert Roussel
[edit]The composer is buried in the cemetery of the Sainte-Valérie church in Varengeville-sur-mer.[4]
Daphnis et Chloé
[edit]This composition in Bourgogne stone dates to 1926 and is held by the Musée des Beaux-Arts de Tours.
Reliefs on the entrance to the Fondation Biermans-Lapôtre building in the Cité Internationale Universitaire de Paris
[edit]This university in Paris' 14th arrondissement and near the Porte d'Orléans includes a series of ēresidences for the students built in the style of various countries, The Fondation Biermans-Lapôtre building is that built in the Flemish style mainly to house students from Belgium, Gaumont created reliefs on the building's entrance.[5]
Le Printemps
[edit]This statuette in plaster was commissioned from Gaumont by the architect Albert Laprade for the bathroom of the "Studium" pavilion at the 1925 Paris internationale des Arts décoratifs exhibition. It is held in the collection of the Musee Antoine Lecuyer in Saint-Quentin.[6][7]
Statue of Pierre Belain d'Esnambuc
[edit]This work can be seen at Fort-de-France in Martinique. The inauguration took place on 15 September 1935. Another work designed by Pierre Leprince Ringuet, the statue can be seen in the "Parc de la Savane".[8][9]
Reliefs for the 1937 Exposition internationale des arts et des techniques
[edit]Gaumont executed four bas- reliefs "Triton", "Trois Nymphes", "Centaure" and "Eros" for the exhibition. They now decorate the exterior wall of the Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris.[10]
The belfry was the only part of the church of Saint-Martin to survive the French Revolution when the church was destroyed and in 1922 Gaumont was commissioned to add four sculptures to the corners of the belfry tower. These depicted four figures from Cambrai history; a Frankish warrior, a soldier of the militia, Louise de Savoie, the mother of François 1st who signed the 1529 "Paix des Dames" and the Marquis de Cézen, the first governor after Cambrai was reunited with France in 1667.[11]
Cambrai Chamber of Commerce
[edit]The whole of the centre of Cambrai was destroyed by the Germans in 1918 and the Chamber of Commerce building emerged from the reconstruction with decoration by Gaumont and Paul Simon.[12]
Works in conjunction with the Manufacture nationale de Sèvres
[edit]From 1920 onwards Gaumont often collaborated with Sèvres. One such work in "biscuit de porcelaine" was called "Petit coursier".[13] Other Sèvres works include "Joueuses de Boules",[14] "La mort de Narcisse", "Samson et Dalila", "Le sommeil", "Enfants a la flèche" and "L'amour Endormi".
Works in churches and cathedrals
[edit]Flesquières. Eglise St Géry
[edit]The village of Flesquières was razed to the ground by the Germans in 1918 and Pierre Leprince Ringuet was commissioned to plan the reconstruction. The rebuilding of the church was started in 1923 and the building consecrated in 1926. Gaumont carried out sculptural work both inside and outside the church.[15][Note 1]
Église Saint-Joseph de la Vacquerie
[edit]This church in Villers-Plouich replaced a chapel which was destroyed on the eve of the battle of Cambrai in 1917. It was built between 1923 and 1930 and the designing architect was Pierre Leprince-Ringuet. On the front of the church there is some sculpture around the church's rose window by Gaumont, executed in 1928, and depicting a " Christ in majesty" surrounded by angels.[16]
During the 1914–1918 war, Arras cathedral was almost totally destroyed and had to be restored in 1920 but further damage was sustained when in 1944 the building was hit by a bomb. There is much to be seen inside the church including the "Stations of the Cross" by Descatoires, several marble statues in the nave given by the église Sainte Geneviève of Paris (the Panthéon) and a pulpit with sculptural decoration by Gaumont who depicts Christ amongst his disciples and the four evangelists; the winged Matthew, Mark with a lion, Luke with a winged bull and John with eagle. Gaumont also added the sculptures on the baptismal font. He depicts Jesus being baptized by John the Baptist and St Vaast blessing a group of the faithful.[17]
Église Saint-Martin d'Abancourt, Nord
[edit]This church designed by Pierre Leprince Ringuet was decorated in the arts déco style and Gaumont executed sculpture in moulded cement ("béton moulé") for the church façade.[18]
Église Saint-Quentin de Villers-Plouich
[edit]Another church designed between 1924 and 1930 by Pierre Leprince Ringuet to replace the building destroyed in 1917. In June 1928 Gaumont added a depiction of the Crucifixion to the front of the church.[19]
This is one of the five churches restored by Pierre Leprince-Ringuet and Gaumont created several sculptural works including the pediment depicting St Martin handing his cloak to a beggar.[20]
War memorials
[edit]Le Monument de la rue Conté
[edit]The École centrale des arts et manufactures lost many of her pupils in the 1914–1918 war and Gaumont carried out the sculpture on the school's entrance, carried out in 1923 to honour those 550 "Centraliens" killed.[21]
The Lycée Saint-Louis War Memorial
[edit]Gaumont carried out sculptural work for this memorial to the pupils of the Lycée killed in the 1914–1918 war.
Fontainebleau War Memorial
[edit]This 1925 memorial dedicated to
"aux morts de l’artillerie et des trains des équipages"
was designed by Pierre Leprince Ringuet with sculpture by Gaumont. Originally located in the Fontainebleau school of artillery it is now held in the Musée de l’école d’Artillerie in Draguignan.[22]
- "Museum & Collections - What's on - Royal Academy of Music". apollo.ram.ac.uk. Retrieved 29 October 2014.
- "Moulin de malaunay | Tous les projets | Limousin | Fondation du Patrimoine | Préservons aujourd'hui l'avenir". fondation-patrimoine.org. Archived from the original on 2014-10-29. Retrieved 29 October 2014.
This memorial is located in the Hôtel de Ville, Tours. It stands at the side of the "Escalier d'honneur".[23][24]
Another cooperation of Gaumont with the architect Pierre Leprince Ringuet.[25][26]
The Laon war memorial lies at the intersection of the rue du Mont de Vaux, the Avenue Gambetta and the avenue Aristide Briand. The monument is 17 metres high and made from reinforced concrete and Lavoux stone. It was inaugurated in 1926 and Gaumont has sculpted an image of Minerva, daughter of Jupiter and the goddess of war, wisdom, strategy and intelligence. She carries a shield and a sword which she points downwards.[27][28]
Le Perreux-sur-Marne War Memorial
[edit]Inaugurated 19 June 1921, this limestone statue was a work by Gaumont but based on a maquette by Gausset, Bertand et Cie.[29]
Dating to 1923, Gaumont's sculpture for this memorial, given by Gaumont as a gift to a commune where he had spent much of his infant life, depicts an angel of victory with wings spread wide supporting the body of a dead soldier. The architect of the memorial was Maurice Boille.
Memorial to the 88th Regiment Indre-et-Loire
[edit]This monument in Tours is dedicated to the 88th "régiment de mobiles" and their role in the 1870–1871 Franco-Prussian war and was inaugurated 12 July 1914. Gaumont sculpted in limestone a soldier protecting a woman who in turn guards the coat of arms of Tours. Behind them another soldier lies either dying or wounded. The monument is positioned just before the Saint-Symphorien bridge. Originally the monument stood in Tours' Place du Chardonnet. The architect was Bernard Chaussemiche.[30][31]
References
[edit]- ^ "Figure modelée d'après l'antique". Retrieved 27 October 2014.
- ^ "Cat'zArts - Affichage d'une notice". ensba.fr. Retrieved 29 October 2014.
- ^ "Le jeune Sophocle après la victoire de Salamine". Retrieved 27 October 2014.
- ^ "Albert Roussel". Archived from the original on 29 October 2014. Retrieved 28 October 2014.
- ^ "Reliefs on entrance to the Fondation Biermans-Lapôtre building in Paris' Cité internationale Universitaire". Retrieved 6 January 2021.
- ^ Base Joconde: Le Printemps, French Ministry of Culture. (in French)
- ^ "Exhibition at Lecuyer museum including work by Gaumont". Archived from the original on 16 January 2014. Retrieved 28 October 2014.
- ^ See F-H. Fortuné : "Les iles françaises d’Amérique" chap. 12. Published in Paris by L'Harmattan in 2000.
- ^ "Pierre Belain d'Esnambuc". Retrieved 27 October 2014.
- ^ "Reliefs for the 1937 Exposition internationale des arts et des techniques". Archived from the original on 11 April 2013. Retrieved 28 October 2014.
- ^ "The Cambrai Belfry". Retrieved 27 October 2014.
- ^ "Cambrai Chamber of Commerce". Retrieved 28 October 2014.
- ^ "Petit coursier". Musée des Arts décoratifs, Paris. Retrieved 15 July 2022.
- ^ "Joueuses de boules". Musée des Arts décoratifs, Paris. Retrieved 15 July 2022.
- ^ "Eglise St Géry". Retrieved 28 October 2014.
- ^ "Église Saint-Joseph de la Vacquerie". Retrieved 27 October 2014.
- ^ "Guide to Arras cathedral". Retrieved 27 October 2014.
- ^ "Église Saint-Martin d'Abancourt". Retrieved 27 October 2014.
- ^ "Église Saint-Quentin de Villers-Plouich". Retrieved 27 October 2014.
- ^ "Masnières". Retrieved 28 October 2014.
- ^ "Le Monumentde la rue Conté" (PDF). Retrieved 28 October 2014.
- ^ "CorexDoc/RMN/Media/TR1/TGZXAM/06-504651". photo.rmn.fr. Retrieved 29 October 2014.
- ^ Base Palissy: Monument aux morts, Tours, Ministère français de la Culture. (in French)
- ^ "Tours (37), à l'intérieur de l'hôtel de ville, partie du monument aux morts. | Flickr - Photo Sharing!". flickr.com. 30 May 2009. Retrieved 29 October 2014.
- ^ "Le Blanc war memorial". Retrieved 27 October 2014.
- ^ Base Palissy: Monument aux morts, Le Blanc, Ministère français de la Culture. (in French)
- ^ "Laon war memorial". Retrieved 27 October 2014.
- ^ Base Mérimée: Monument aux morts, Laon, Ministère français de la Culture. (in French)
- ^ "Le Perreux-sur-Marne war memorial". Retrieved 27 October 2014.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Franco-Prussian war memorial in Tours". Retrieved 26 October 2014.
- ^ Base Mérimée: Franco-Prussian war memorial in Tours, Ministère français de la Culture. (in French)
Note
[edit]- ^ Pierre Leprince-Ringuet was born in Paris on 27 December 1874 and died in Paris on 4 April 1954. He was a French architect who played a leading role in the reconstruction of Cambrai. He had studied at the École centrale des Arts et Manufactures and the École nationale supérieure des beaux-arts between 1899 and 1902, and was a pupil of Victor Laloux. He won second prize in the 1904 "Prix de Rome" and was awarded his diploma in architecture in 1905. He married Marie-Louise Vatry in 1908. Worked as a practicing architect and was a professor at the école centrale. His commissions include the "Maison des élèves de l'École Centrale de Paris Ateliers Michelin" in London, the Le Blanc war memorial, work on the Église de Abancourt, the churches at Masnières, Flesquières, Villers-Plouich and La Vacquerie, the United States building in the Cite internationale universitaire in Paris and the Lebanese National Museum in Beirut. See http://monumentsmorts.univ-lille3.fr/auteur/468/leprince-ringuetpierre/
External links
[edit]- "BnF catalogue général - Notice d'autorité personne". catalogue.bnf.fr. Retrieved 30 October 2014.
- "Gaumont, Marcel (1880-1962) - Notice documentaire IdRef". idref.fr. Retrieved 30 October 2014.
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