Jump to content

Rurouni Kenshin (1996 TV series)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Rurouni Kenshin
Cover of the 18th DVD volume, featuring Himura Kenshin (front) and Kamiya Kaoru (back)
るろうに剣心 -明治剣客浪漫譚-
(Rurōni Kenshin -Meiji Kenkaku Roman Tan-)
Genre
Anime television series
Directed byKazuhiro Furuhashi
Produced by
  • Koji Kaneda
  • Mitsuhisa Hida
  • Akio Wakana (1–66)
  • Hiroshi Hasegawa (67–95)
Music byNoriyuki Asakura
Studio
Licensed by
Original networkFNS (Fuji TV)
English network
Original run January 10, 1996 – September 8, 1998
Episodes95 (List of episodes)
Film and OVAs
icon Anime and manga portal

Rurouni Kenshin (るろうに剣心 -明治剣客浪漫譚-, Rurōni Kenshin -Meiji Kenkaku Roman Tan-),[a] sometimes called Samurai X, is a Japanese anime television series, based on the manga series of the same name by Nobuhiro Watsuki. It was directed by Kazuhiro Furuhashi, produced by SPE Visual Works and Fuji Television, and animated by Studio Gallop (episodes 1–66) and Studio Deen (episodes 67–95). It was broadcast on Fuji TV from January 1996 to September 1998. Besides an animated feature film, three series of original video animations (OVAs) were also produced; the first adapts stories from the manga that were not featured in the anime series; the second is both a retelling and a sequel to the anime series; and the third was a reimagining of the second story arc of the series.

Sony Pictures Television International produced its own English dub of the series, releasing it as Samurai X in Southeast Asia. Media Blasters later licensed the series in North America and released it on home video from 2000 to 2002. The series was aired in the United States on Cartoon Network's Toonami programming block in 2003, only broadcasting the first 62 episodes.

Rurouni Kenshin has ranked among the 100 most-watched series in Japan multiple times.

A second anime television series adaptation by Liden Films premiered in 2023 on Fuji TV's Noitamina programming block.

Plot

[edit]
See also: List of Rurouni Kenshin characters

When arriving in Tokyo in the 11th year of Meiji era (1878), the former Ishin Shishi Himura Kenshin wanders around Japan until reaching Tokyo. There, he is attacked by a young woman named Kamiya Kaoru, who believes him to be the Hitokiri Battōsai but ends up forgetting about him upon the appearance of a man claiming to be the Hitokiri Battōsai–tarnishing the name of the swordsmanship school that she teaches. Kenshin decides to help her and defeats the fake Battōsai, revealing himself as the actual former manslayer who has become a pacifist.

Kaoru invites Kenshin to stay at her dojo, claiming she is not interested in his past. Although Kenshin accepts the invitation, his fame causes him to accidentally attract other warriors who wish him dead. However, Kenshin also meets new friends including the young Myōjin Yahiko who wishes to reach his strength but ends up becoming Kaoru's student, the fighter-for-hire Sagara Sanosuke from the Sekihō Army who realizes the current Kenshin is different from the Ishin Shishi he detested for killing his leader Sagara Sōzō, and the doctor Takani Megumi who wishes to atone for her sins as a drug dealer, inspired by Kenshin's devotion to his past.

Production

[edit]
Kazuhiro Furuhashi at Anime Expo 2013

In a manga volume prior to the release of the anime, Watsuki said that while some fans might object to the adaptation of the series into anime, Watsuki looked forward to the adaptation and felt it would work since the manga was already "anime-esque." He had some worries about the series since he felt since the creation of the series was sudden and the series had a "tight" production schedule.[4] In another note in the same volume Watsuki added that he had little input in the series, as he was too busy with the publishing.[5] In addition his schedule did not match the schedule of the anime production staff.[6] Watsuki said that it would be impossible to make the anime and manga exactly the same, so he would feel fine with the anime adaptation as long as it took advantage of the strengths of an anime format.[5]

After the anime began production, Watsuki said that the final product was "better than imagined" and that it was created with the "pride and soul of professionals." Watsuki criticized the timing, the "off-the-wall, embarrassing subtitles," and the condensing of the stories; for instance, he felt the Jin-e storyline would not sufficiently fit two episodes. Watsuki said that he consulted a director and that he felt the anime would improve after that point.[7] The fact that the CD book voice actors, especially Megumi Ogata and Tomokazu Seki, who portrayed Kenshin and Sanosuke in the CD books, respectively, did not get their corresponding roles in the anime disappointed Watsuki. Watsuki reported receiving some letters of protest against the voice actor change and letters requesting that Ogata portray Seta Sōjirō; Watsuki said that he wanted Ogata to play Misao and that Ogata would likely find "stubborn girl" roles more challenging than the "pretty boy" roles she usually gets, though Watsuki felt Ogata would have "no problem" portraying a "stubborn girl." Watsuki said that the new voice actor arrangement "works out" and that he hoped that the CD book voice actors would find roles in the anime.[8] Watsuki said that the reason why the CD book voice actors did not get the corresponding roles in the anime was due to the fact that many more companies were involved in the production of the anime than the production of the CD books, and therefore the "industry power-structure" affected the series.[6]

The second season of the anime television series had some original stories, not in the manga. Watsuki said that some people disliked "TV originals," but to him, the concept was "exciting." Watsuki said that because the first half of the original storyline that existed by the time of the production of the tenth volume was "jammed" into the first season, he looked forward to a "more entertaining" second season. Watsuki added that it was obvious that the staff of the first season "put their hearts and souls" into the work, but that the second series will be "a much better stage for their talents."[6]

In producing the English dub version of the series, Media Blasters considered following suit, with Mona Marshall considered a finalist to voice Kenshin. Richard Hayworth was eventually selected for the role, giving Kenshin's character a more masculine voice in the English adaptation. Marshall was also selected to voice the younger Kenshin during flashback scenes. Clark Cheng, Media Blasters dub script writer, said that localizing Kenshin's unusual speech was a difficult process. His use of de gozaru and oro were not only character trademarks that indicated his state of mind, but important elements to the story. However, neither is directly translatable into English, and in the end the company chose to replace de gozaru with "that I did," "that I am," or "that I do." Kenshin's signature oro was replaced with "huah" to simulate a "funny sound" that had no real meaning.[9] Lex Lang is Sanosuke's voice actor. When writing Sanosuke's dialogue, Clark Cheng, the writer of the English dub script, noted that the character was smarter than he would have liked in the first few episodes, so Cheng tried slowly to change the character's dialogue to make Sanosuke seem less intelligent so he would be more similar to the equivalent in the Japanese version of the series.[9]

Release

[edit]
See also: List of Rurouni Kenshin episodes

Directed by Kazuhiro Furuhashi, Rurouni Kenshin was broadcast for 94 episodes on Fuji TV from January 10, 1996, to September 8, 1998.[10][11] It was produced by SPE Visual Works and Fuji TV, and animated by Studio Gallop (episodes 1–66)[12] and Studio Deen (episode 67 onwards).[13] The anime only adapts the manga up until the fight with Shishio, from then on it features original material not included in the manga.[14] The unaired final episode was released on VHS on December 2, 1998.[15][16] The episodes were collected on 26 VHS sets, released from September 21, 1997,[17] to June 2, 1999;[18] they were later collected on 26 DVD sets, released from June 19, 1999,[19] to March 23, 2000.[20] Three DVD box sets were released from September 5, 2001, to March 20, 2002.[21][22]

Sony Pictures Television International produced its own English dub of the series, and released it under the name Samurai X in Southeast Asia.[23][24][25][26][27] Sony attempted and failed to market Samurai X via an existing company in the United States.[28][29][30][31] In October 1999, Media Blasters announced that it had licensed the series, later confirming that it would be released on home video.[32][33] Media Blasters produced an English dub at Bang Zoom!, and 22 DVDs were released from July 25, 2000, to September 24, 2002.[34][16] The series later aired in the United States on Cartoon Network, as a part of the Toonami programming block, starting on March 17, 2003, but ended with the 62nd episode, aired on October 18 of that same year.[35][36][37] The series was heavily edited for content during its broadcast on Toonami.[38][39][40][41][42] Media Blasters later split the series in three seasons and released each one as three premium DVD box sets from November 18, 2003, to July 27, 2004;[43][44][45] they were re-released as "Economy" box sets from November 15, 2005, to February 15, 2006.[46][47] The 95 episodes, with both the original Japanese audio and the Media Blasters dub, were available on Netflix from 2016 to 2020.[48][49]

Soundtracks

[edit]
See also: List of Rurouni Kenshin soundtracks
Cover of the first soundtrack album

The music for the series was composed by Noriyuki Asakura. The first soundtrack album was released on April 1, 1996, containing 23 tracks.[50] The second one, Rurouni Kenshin OST 2 – Departure was released on October 21, 1996, containing 15 tracks.[51] The third one, Rurouni Kenshin OST 3 – Journey to Kyoto, was released on April 21, 1997, containing 13 tracks.[52] The fourth one, Rurouni Kenshin OST 4 – Let it Burn was released on February 1, 1998, containing 12 tracks.[53][54]

Several compilations of the songs were also released in collection CDs. 30 were selected and joined in a CD called Rurouni Kenshin – The Director's Collection,[55] released on July 21, 1997.[56] Rurouni Kenshin: Best Theme Collection, containing ten tracks, was released on March 21, 1998.[57] All opening and ending themes were also collected in a CD, titled Rurouni Kenshin – Theme Song Collection, on December 6, 2000.[58] Two Songs albums, containing tracks performed by the Japanese voice actors, were released on July 21, 1996,[59] and July 18, 1998.[60] All soundtrack albums, including OVAs and films, tracks were collected in Rurouni Kenshin Complete CD-Box, released on September 19, 2002. It contains the four TV OSTs, the two OVA OSTs, the movie OST, the two game OSTs, an opening and closing theme collection, and the two Character Songs albums.[61] On July 27, 2011, Rurouni Kenshin Complete Collection, which includes all the opening and ending themes and the theme song of the animated film, was released.[62][63]

[edit]

Anime film

[edit]
Main article: Rurouni Kenshin: The Motion Picture

An anime film, Rurouni Kenshin: The Motion Picture, premiered on December 20, 1997.[64]

Original video animations

[edit]
Main articles: Rurouni Kenshin: Trust & Betrayal, Rurouni Kenshin: Reflection, and Rurouni Kenshin: New Kyoto Arc

A four-episode original video animation (OVA), titled Rurouni Kenshin: Trust & Betrayal, which served as a prequel to the series, was released in 1999.[65]

A two-episode OVA, titled Rurouni Kenshin: Reflection, which served as a sequel to the series, was released from 2001 to 2002.[66][67]

A two-episode OVA, Rurouni Kenshin: New Kyoto Arc, which remade the series' Kyoto arc, was released from 2011 to 2012.[68][69]

Reception

[edit]

On TV Asahi's top 100 most popular anime television series poll, Rurouni Kenshin ranked 66th.[70] They also conducted an online web poll, in which the series ranked 62nd.[71] Nearly a year later, TV Asahi once again conducted an online poll for the top one hundred anime, and Rurouni Kenshin anime advanced in rank and came in twenty-sixth place.[72] It also ranked at tenth place in the Web's Most Wanted 2005, ranking in the animation category.[73] The fourth DVD of the anime was also Anime Castle's best selling DVD in October 2001.[74] Rurouni Kenshin was also a finalist in the American Anime Awards in the category "Long Series" but lost against Fullmetal Alchemist.[75][76] In 2010, Mania.com's Briana Lawrence listed Rurouni Kenshin at number three of the website's "10 Anime Series That Need a Reboot".[77]

The anime has also been commented by Chris Shepard from Anime News Network (ANN), noting a well-crafted plot and good action scenes. However, he also criticized that during the first episodes the fights never get quite interesting as it becomes a bit predictable that Kenshin is going to win as the music of moments of victory is repeated many times.[78] Lynzee Loveridge from ANN highlighted as the most known series to use the Meiji period and saw the Kyoto arc as one of the best ones.[79]

However, Mark A. Grey from the same site mentioned that all those negatives points disappear during the Kyoto arc due to amazing fights and a great soundtrack.[80] Tasha Robinson from SciFi.com remarked "Kenshin's schizoid personal conflict between his ruthless-killer side and his country-bumpkin" side was a perfect way to develop good stories which was one of the factors that made the series popular.[81] Anime News Network acclaimed both Shishio's characterization in regards to what he represents to Kenshin's past: "a merciless killer who believes his sword to be the only justice in the land."[82] Similarly, Chris Beveridge Mania Entertainment praised the build up the anime's Kyoto arc has had as after fighting so much build up, Shishio fights and delivers skills that would amaze viewers despite suffering major wounds in the process. Beveridge reflected that while Shishio's death caused by his old wounds rather than an attack by Kenshin, the series' protagonist was also pushed down to his limits in the story arc due to fighting Sojiro and Shinomori before Shishio. Nevertheless, the writer concluded that it was still way paid off despite assumptions that Shishio's death might initially come across as a copout.[83]

Although Carlos Ross from THEM Anime Reviews also liked the action scenes and storyline, he added that the number of childish and violent scenes make the show a bit unbalanced, saying it is not recommended for younger children.[84] Daryl Surat of Otaku USA approved of the anime series, stating that while half of the first-season episodes consisted of filler, the situation "clicks" upon the introduction of Saitō Hajime and that he disagreed with people who disliked the television series compared to the OVAs. Surat said that while the Media Blasters anime dub is "well-cast," the English dub does not sound natural since the producers were too preoccupied with making the voice performances mimic the Japanese performances. Surat said that while he "didn't mind" the first filler arc with the Christianity sect, he could not stomach the final two filler arcs, and Japanese audiences disapproved of the final two filler arcs.[37] Robin Brenner from Library Journal noted that despite its pacifist messages, Rurouni Kenshin was too violent, recommending it to older audiences.[85]

In the making of the 2019 anime series Dororo, Kazuhiro Furuhashi was selected as its director mainly due to his experience directing Rurouni Kenshin.[86]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ "The Epic Tale of a Meiji Swordsman: Kenshin the Wanderer". The word Rurōni (るろうに) is the author's altered reading of the word Rurōnin (流浪人), which means 'wanderer'.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Yegulalp, Serdar. "Rurouni Kenshin: Series Profile". About.com. Archived from the original on November 24, 2012. Retrieved June 2, 2021.
  2. ^ Kovalsky, Justin. "Rurouni Kenshin". Animerica. Archived from the original on February 11, 2001. Retrieved June 4, 2021.
  3. ^ Yegulalp, Serdar. "Best Anime Romances". About.com. Archived from the original on November 11, 2011. Retrieved June 2, 2021.
  4. ^ Watsuki, Nobuhiro (2004). Rurouni Kenshin, Volume 8. Viz Media. p. 113. ISBN 978-1-59116-563-7.
  5. ^ a b Watsuki, Nobuhiro (2004). Rurouni Kenshin, Volume 8. Viz Media. p. 157. ISBN 978-1-59116-563-7.
  6. ^ a b c Watsuki, Nobuhiro (2005). Rurouni Kenshin, Volume 10. Viz Media. p. 57. ISBN 978-1-59116-703-7.
  7. ^ Watsuki, Nobuhiro (2005). Rurouni Kenshin, Volume 10. Viz Media. p. 21. ISBN 978-1-59116-703-7.
  8. ^ Watsuki, Nobuhiro (2005). Rurouni Kenshin, Volume 10. Viz Media. p. 99. ISBN 978-1-59116-703-7.
  9. ^ a b "Interview with Clark Cheng". Dub Review. November 2003. Archived from the original on May 1, 2008. Retrieved May 7, 2008.
  10. ^ "Episode list" (in Japanese). Sony. Archived from the original on September 18, 2009. Retrieved May 23, 2009.
  11. ^ るろうに剣心―明治剣客浪漫譚―. Media Arts Database (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs. Archived from the original on September 16, 2023. Retrieved September 16, 2023.
  12. ^ ぎゃろっぷ作品履歴1999 (in Japanese). Gallop. Archived from the original on November 4, 2013. Retrieved February 2, 2019.
  13. ^ "Staff" (in Japanese). Sony. Archived from the original on January 31, 2009. Retrieved May 23, 2009.
  14. ^ Bertschy, Zac (October 2, 2005). "Rurouni Kenshin G.novel 18". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on April 26, 2009. Retrieved May 26, 2009.
  15. ^ るろうに剣心ー明治剣客浪漫譚ー未放映秘蔵ビデオ「流浪の最果て・緋と瑠璃の絆は潮騒の中（うち）に」 (in Japanese). Sony Music Entertainment. Archived from the original on June 21, 2004. Retrieved September 16, 2023.
  16. ^ a b Beveridge, Chris (October 3, 2002). "Rurouni Kenshin Vol. #22: End Song". AnimeOnDVD.com. Archived from the original on October 25, 2002. Retrieved September 16, 2024.
  17. ^ TVアニメーション「るろうに剣心」 巻之一 (in Japanese). Sony Music Entertainment. Archived from the original on June 21, 2004. Retrieved September 16, 2023.
  18. ^ TVアニメーション「るろうに剣心」 巻之一 (in Japanese). Sony Music Entertainment. Archived from the original on June 21, 2004. Retrieved September 16, 2023.
  19. ^ 「るろうに剣心-明治剣客浪漫譚-」 TVシリーズ巻之一 通常版 (in Japanese). Sony Music Entertainment. Archived from the original on April 29, 2004. Retrieved September 15, 2023.
  20. ^ 「るろうに剣心-明治剣客浪漫譚-」 TVシリーズ巻之二十六 通常版 (in Japanese). Sony Music Entertainment. Archived from the original on April 29, 2004. Retrieved September 15, 2023.
  21. ^ TVアニメーション「るろうに剣心-明治剣客浪漫譚-」DVD･BOX vol.1 ～東京編～ (in Japanese). Sony Music Entertainment. Archived from the original on January 31, 2005. Retrieved September 15, 2023.
  22. ^ TVアニメーション「るろうに剣心-明治剣客浪漫譚-」DVD･BOX vol.3 ～TVオリジナル編～ (in Japanese). Sony Music Entertainment. Archived from the original on February 11, 2005. Retrieved September 15, 2023.
  23. ^ McCarter, Charles. "Rurouni Kenshin". Ex.org. Archived from the original on October 12, 2000. Retrieved September 17, 2024.
  24. ^ Hanson, Brian (April 12, 2013). "Hey, Answerman! – Samurai Ecks vs. Sever". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on February 6, 2023. Retrieved September 16, 2023.
  25. ^ "Samurai X". Animax Asia. Archived from the original on July 21, 2009. Retrieved July 21, 2009.
  26. ^ Pineda, Rafael (December 22, 2016). "Hero TV to Air Samurai X: Trust & Betrayal OVA in 2017". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on July 7, 2022. Retrieved September 16, 2023.
  27. ^ Toole, Mike (February 12, 2012). "A Tale of Two Dubs – The Mike Toole Show". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on June 20, 2017. Retrieved September 17, 2024.
  28. ^ "Sony speaks about Ruroni Kenshin plans". Anime News Network. February 8, 1999. Retrieved September 17, 2024.
  29. ^ "Japan News Briefs". Anime News Network. May 29, 1999. Archived from the original on August 3, 2009. Retrieved July 20, 2009.
  30. ^ Oppliger, John (October 9, 2000). "Ask John: What's the difference between Rurouni Kenshin and Samurai X?". AnimeNation. Archived from the original on December 13, 2000. Retrieved September 17, 2024.
  31. ^ Loo, Egan (September 22, 2009). "Crackle Posts Rurouni Kenshin's English Samurai X Dub". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on April 17, 2024. Retrieved September 17, 2024.
  32. ^ "AWA 99 Wrap-up". Anime News Network. October 13, 1999. Archived from the original on September 16, 2024. Retrieved September 16, 2024.
  33. ^ "Kenshin Details". Anime News Network. February 15, 2000. Archived from the original on January 1, 2024. Retrieved September 16, 2024.
  34. ^ Beveridge, Chris (July 25, 2000). "Rurouni Kenshin Vol. #01: Legendary Swordsman". AnimeOnDVD.com. Archived from the original on November 1, 2006. Retrieved September 16, 2024.
  35. ^ Berryhill, Garry (March 3, 2003). "Toonami to Receive Facelift". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on December 16, 2008. Retrieved October 16, 2008.
  36. ^ "Rurouni Kenshin (TV Schedule)". Cartoon Network. Archived from the original on October 4, 2003. Retrieved September 16, 2023.
  37. ^ a b Surat, Daryl (March 4, 2015). "Rurouni Kenshin and the "Neo-Shonen" Movement". Otaku USA. Archived from the original on April 12, 2024. Retrieved September 16, 2024.
  38. ^ Pope, Kyle (February 21, 2003). "Rurouni Kenshin: Introduction – The Edit List". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on February 16, 2023. Retrieved September 16, 2023.
  39. ^ Pope, Kyle (July 17, 2003). "Rurouni Kenshin 49 – The Edit List". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on July 7, 2022. Retrieved September 16, 2023.
  40. ^ Pope, Kyle (November 8, 2003). "Rurouni Kenshin 62 – The Edit List". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on February 16, 2023. Retrieved September 16, 2023.
  41. ^ Bundy, Rebecca (July 6, 2004). "I, Ms. Answerman". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on December 1, 2022. Retrieved September 16, 2023.
  42. ^ "Viz Gets Rights To Rurouni Kenshin Manga". ICv2. April 30, 2003. Archived from the original on September 16, 2023. Retrieved September 16, 2023.
  43. ^ Koulikov, Mikhail (July 21, 2003). "Media Blasters – Anime Expo 2003". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on September 29, 2023. Retrieved September 16, 2024.
  44. ^ "Rurouni Kenshin Wandering Samurai Premium Box Set". Mania.com. Archived from the original on April 16, 2009. Retrieved September 15, 2023.
  45. ^ Dong, Bamboo (August 23, 2004). "Platinum Gilding – Shelf Life". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on June 8, 2023. Retrieved September 15, 2023.
  46. ^ "Rurouni Kenshin Economy Box TV Season 1 (of 3)". AnimeOnDVD. Archived from the original on November 1, 2006. Retrieved September 15, 2023.
  47. ^ "Rurouni Kenshin Economy Box TV Season 3 (of 3)". AnimeOnDVD. Archived from the original on November 1, 2006. Retrieved September 15, 2023.
  48. ^ Beveridge, Chris (February 16, 2016). "More 'Ruruoni [sic] Kenshin' Anime Now Streaming on Netflix". The Fandom Post. Archived from the original on September 16, 2024. Retrieved September 16, 2024.
  49. ^ Beveridge, Chris (February 17, 2020). "Final Batch Of 'Ruruoni [sic] Kenshin' Anime Episodes Get Netflix Expiration". The Fandom Post. Archived from the original on September 16, 2024. Retrieved September 16, 2024.
  50. ^ オリジナルサウンドトラック「るろうに剣心」 [Rurouni Kenshin – Original Soundtrack] (in Japanese). Sony Music Shop. Archived from the original on September 15, 2023. Retrieved September 15, 2023.
  51. ^ るろうに剣心-明治剣客浪漫譚-オリジナル・サウンドトラックII-DEPARTURE [Rurouni Kenshin: Meiji Swordsman Romantic Story – Original Soundtrack II: Departure] (in Japanese). Sony Music Shop. Archived from the original on September 15, 2023. Retrieved September 15, 2023.
  52. ^ るろうに剣心-明治剣客浪漫譚- オリジナル・サウンドトラック III —京都決戦— [Rurouni Kenshin: Meiji Swordsman Romantic Story – Original Soundtrack III: Journey to Kyoto] (in Japanese). Sony Music Shop. Archived from the original on September 15, 2023. Retrieved September 15, 2023.
  53. ^ 「るろうに剣心 -明治剣客浪漫譚-」オリジナル・サウンドトラックIV -Let It Burn- [Rurouni Kenshin: Meiji Swordsman Romantic Story – Original Soundtrack IV: Let It Burn] (in Japanese). Sony Music Entertainment. Archived from the original on February 8, 1998. Retrieved September 15, 2023.
  54. ^ 「るろうに剣心 -明治剣客浪漫譚-」オリジナル・サウンドトラックIV -Let It Burn- [Rurouni Kenshin: Meiji Swordsman Romantic Story – Original Soundtrack IV: Let It Burn] (in Japanese). Sony Music Entertainment. Archived from the original on May 5, 2004. Retrieved September 15, 2023.
  55. ^ 「るろうに剣心 -明治剣客浪漫譚-」 オリジナル・サウンドトラック未収録集 ディレクターズ・コレクション (in Japanese). Sony Music Entertainment. Archived from the original on January 31, 2005. Retrieved September 15, 2023.
  56. ^ 「オリジナル・サウンドトラック未収録集「るろうに剣心 -明治剣客浪漫」 (in Japanese). Sony Music Entertainment. Archived from the original on August 12, 1997. Retrieved September 15, 2023.
  57. ^ るろうに剣心 -明治剣客浪漫譚- ベスト・テーマ・コレクション [Rurouni Kenshin: Meiji Swordsman Romantic Story – Best Theme Collection] (in Japanese). Sony Music Shop. Archived from the original on January 7, 2018. Retrieved September 15, 2023.
  58. ^ TVアニメーション「るろうに剣心－明治剣客浪漫譚－」主題歌 音楽絵巻 [TV Animation Rurouni Kenshin: Meiji Swordsman Romantic Story – Theme Song Collection] (in Japanese). Sony Music Shop. Archived from the original on January 7, 2018. Retrieved September 15, 2023.
  59. ^ 「るろうに剣心-明治剣客浪漫譚-」ソングス [2CD] [限定] (in Japanese). CDJournal. Archived from the original on September 16, 2023. Retrieved September 16, 2023.
  60. ^ イメージソングアルバム 「るろうに剣心－明治剣客浪漫譚－SONGS2」 (in Japanese). Sony Music Shop. Archived from the original on September 16, 2023. Retrieved September 16, 2023.
  61. ^ 「るろうに剣心-明治剣客浪漫譚-」COMPLETE CD・BOX [12CD] [限定] (in Japanese). CDJournal. Archived from the original on August 17, 2015. Retrieved September 16, 2023.
  62. ^ 名曲多数！「るろうに剣心」歴代主題歌コンプリートベスト. Ongaku Natalie (in Japanese). April 27, 2011. Archived from the original on May 14, 2023. Retrieved September 16, 2023.
  63. ^ るろうに剣心Complete Collection (in Japanese). Sony Music Shop. Archived from the original on September 24, 2022. Retrieved September 16, 2023.
  64. ^ るろうに剣心 ―明治剣客浪漫譚― 維新志士への鎮魂歌. Media Arts Database (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs. Archived from the original on June 2, 2021. Retrieved June 1, 2021.
  65. ^ るろうに剣心 (in Japanese). Studio Deen. Archived from the original on April 17, 1999. Retrieved June 2, 2021.
  66. ^ オリジナル･ビデオ･アニメーション『るろうに剣心－明治剣客浪漫譚－』星霜編 ～上巻～ [Original video animation – Rurouni Kenshin: Meiji Swordsman Romantic Story – Time, Volume 1]. Sony Music Shop (in Japanese). Archived from the original on June 2, 2021. Retrieved June 2, 2021.
  67. ^ オリジナル･ビデオ･アニメーション『るろうに剣心－明治剣客浪漫譚－』星霜編 ～上巻～ [Original video animation – Rurouni Kenshin: Meiji Swordsman Romantic Story – Time, Volume 2]. Sony Music Shop (in Japanese). Archived from the original on June 2, 2021. Retrieved June 2, 2021.
  68. ^ Loo, Egan. "New Rurouni Kenshin Anime's Part I Promo Video Streamed". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on November 29, 2011. Retrieved November 28, 2011.
  69. ^ Hodgkins, Crystalyn. "New Rurouni Kenshin Anime's Part II Promo Streamed". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on June 6, 2012. Retrieved June 5, 2012.
  70. ^ "TV Asahi Top 100 Anime Part 2". Anime News Network. September 23, 2005. Archived from the original on July 30, 2014. Retrieved February 13, 2008.
  71. ^ "TV Asahi Top 100 Anime". Anime News Network. September 23, 2005. Archived from the original on June 21, 2014. Retrieved February 13, 2008.
  72. ^ "Japan's Favorite TV Anime". Anime News Network. October 13, 2006. Archived from the original on July 24, 2014. Retrieved February 13, 2008.
  73. ^ "Anime Top Searches". Anime News Network. November 22, 2005. Archived from the original on March 5, 2008. Retrieved February 13, 2008.
  74. ^ "Best selling Anime in America". Anime News Network. October 3, 2001. Archived from the original on January 18, 2008. Retrieved February 13, 2008.
  75. ^ "Finalists for the American Anime Awards". ICv2. February 8, 2007. Archived from the original on July 7, 2009. Retrieved May 30, 2009.
  76. ^ "American Anime Award Winners". ICv2. February 26, 2007. Archived from the original on March 12, 2008. Retrieved February 13, 2008.
  77. ^ Lawrence, Briana (February 16, 2010). "10 Anime Series That Need a Reboot". Mania.com. Archived from the original on August 10, 2011. Retrieved May 1, 2020.
  78. ^ Shephard, Chris. "Rurouni Kenshin Vol. 2 - Battle in the Moonlight". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on February 8, 2008. Retrieved February 13, 2008.
  79. ^ Loveridge, Lynzee. "7 Eras of Japanese History as Told Through Anime". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on April 29, 2017. Retrieved April 29, 2017.
  80. ^ Grey, Mark A. "Rurouni Kenshin DVD 7: Shadow of the Wolf". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on July 22, 2012. Retrieved February 13, 2008.
  81. ^ Robinson, Tasha. "Rurouni Kenshin TV The first steps down a very popular road". SciFi.com. Archived from the original on April 18, 2008. Retrieved May 1, 2008.
  82. ^ Crandol, Mike (January 21, 2021). "Rurouni Kenshin: Legend of Kyoto DVD Vol. 14: Fire Requiem". Archived from the original on October 30, 2020. Retrieved October 26, 2020.
  83. ^ Beveridge, Chris. "Rurouni Kenshin Vol. #14: Fire Requiem". Mania Entertainment. Archived from the original on October 25, 2012. Retrieved October 26, 2020.
  84. ^ Ross, Carlos. "Rurouni Kenshin review". THEM Anime Reviews. Archived from the original on October 16, 2007. Retrieved January 25, 2008.
  85. ^ Brenner, Robin (July 1, 2007). "Anime's brave new world.(Collection Development / Anime)". Library Journal. 132 (12). Library Journals, LLC: 46(4). ISSN 0363-0277.
  86. ^ アニメ質問状：「どろろ」 50年ぶりテレビアニメ化で半端なものは絶対作りたくない オリジナル要素も. Mantan Web. March 9, 2019. Archived from the original on November 5, 2021. Retrieved November 5, 2021.

Further reading

[edit]
[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rurouni_Kenshin_(1996_TV_series)&oldid=1258895970"