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'{{short description|Indonesian traditional food}} {{Infobox food | name = Lemang | image = lemang cooking.jpg | image_size = 250px | caption = Lemang being cooked in hollow bamboo pieces | alternate_name = ''Lamang'' | country = [[Indonesia]]<ref>{{citation|url=https://www.tasteatlas.com/lemang|title=Lemang|work=Taste Atlas}}</ref><ref name="Tradisi Malamang">{{Cite news|url= https://m.merdeka.com/peristiwa/cerita-tradisi-malamang-dari-sumatera-barat.html|title=Lemang, Cerita Tradisi Malamang Dari Sumatera Barat|last=Eda Erwina|date=2014-05-08|website=Merdeka.com|language=id|access-date=2020-05-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url= https://www.idntimes.com/food/dining-guide/dhiya-azzahra/fakta-unik-lemang-khas-sumatra/2|title=5 Fakta Unik Lemang, Makanan Khas Sumatra Saat Puasa dan Lebaran|last=Azzahra|first=Dhiya Awlia|date=2020-05-20|website=idntimes.com|language=id|access-date=2020-09-22}}</ref> | region = [[West Sumatra]] | national_cuisine = [[Indonesia]], [[Singapore]], [[Malaysia]],<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?lr=&id=j-slAAAAMAAJ&dq=lemang+bamboo Vol. 3, pt. 2 comprises a monograph entitled: British Malaya, 1864-1867, by L.A. Mills, with appendix by C. O. Blagden, 1925.]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=qWCbS-Zjof4C&dq=lemang+malays Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, Issues 1-6, Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Malaysian Branch. 1878 - History]</ref> [[Brunei]]<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.bt.com.bn/checkout/2009/09/08/lemang-stalls-are-found-everywhere|title='Lemang' stalls are found everywhere|author1=Bahrum Ali|author2=Bandar Seri Begwan|date=September 8, 2009|work=The Brunei Times|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151210185511/http://www.bt.com.bn/checkout/2009/09/08/lemang-stalls-are-found-everywhere|archive-date=December 10, 2015}}</ref> | creator = | course = | type = Rice dish | served = | main_ingredient = [[Glutinous rice]], [[coconut milk]] | variations = | calories = | other = | similar_dish = [[Sticky rice in bamboo]], [[Daetong-bap]] }} '''Lemang''' ([[Minangkabau language|Minangkabau]]: '''''lamang''''') is a [[Padang cuisine|Minangkabau]]<ref name="Lamang and Lamangan">{{Cite web|url= http://jurnalbpnbsumbar.kemdikbud.go.id/index.php/penelitian/article/download/2/2|title=Lamang dan Tradisi Malamang pada Masyarakat Minangkabau|work=Kemdikbud}}</ref> traditional food made from [[glutinous rice]], [[coconut milk]] and salt, cooked in a hollowed [[bamboo]] tube coated with [[banana leaves]] in order to prevent the rice from sticking to the bamboo. Originating in [[Indonesia]], it is also found in [[Singapore]], [[Malaysia]], and [[Brunei]], as similar dishes made from [[sticky rice in bamboo]] are common throughout [[Mainland Southeast Asia]]. Lemang is traditionally eaten to mark the end of daily [[fasting]] during the annual [[Muslim]] holidays of [[Eid-ul-Fitr]] and [[Eid-ul-Adha]].<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.travelfeeder.com/travel_tips/travel-snapshot-celebrate-hari-raya-aidilfitri-with-lemang|title=Travel Snapshot – Celebrate Hari Raya Aidilfitri With Lemang|author=Cecil Lee|date=September 22, 2009 |work=Travel Feeder}}</ref> ==History== [[Sticky rice in bamboo]] is known as a ubiquitous traditional food in many traditional [[Southeast Asia]]n communities. In [[Minangkabau people|Minangkabau]] culture, lemang or ''lamang'' is a traditional food which consists of glutinous rice or [[tapai]] that are used in various traditional ceremonies, mainly in [[West Sumatra]], [[Indonesia]]. According to Minangkabau tradition, the cooking technique of lemang was first introduced by Sheikh Burhanuddin. However, lemang are also known as traditional foods of other tribes in Southeast Asian region, and their cooking method is still very ancient and depends on the natural materials and ingredients, including bamboo tubes.<ref name="Tradisi Malamang"/><ref name=Yovani2019>{{cite journal |last1=Yovani |first1=Tania |title=Lamang tapai: the ancient Malay food in Minangkabau tradition |journal=Journal of Ethnic Foods |date=December 2019 |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=22 |doi=10.1186/s42779-019-0029-z |s2cid=209325826 |doi-access=free }}</ref> In early [[Indonesian literature]], lemang was mentioned in [[Marah Rusli]]'s 1922 novel ''[[Siti Nurbaya]]'', in which Nurbaya unwittingly eating a poisonous lemang due to Meringgih's evil scheme.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kaya|first=Indonesia|title=Warisan Sastra Indonesia Dalam Lantunan Lagu Dan Tarian Di Drama Musikal 'Siti Nurbaya (Kasih Tak Sampai)' {{!}} Liputan Budaya - Situs Budaya Indonesia|url=https://www.indonesiakaya.com/liputan-budaya/detail/warisan-sastra-indonesia-dalam-lantunan-lagu-dan-tarian-di-drama-musikal-siti-nurbaya-kasih-tak-sampai|access-date=2020-09-20|website=IndonesiaKaya|language=id}}</ref> ==Cooking method== [[File:Bakar lemang.jpg|upright|thumb|Burning the lemang bamboo tubes.]] The bamboo contains glutinous rice, salt and coconut milk that is placed onto a slanted position besides a small fire with the opening facing upwards. It should be turned regularly in order to ensure the rice inside the bamboo is cooked evenly. The cooking process takes about 4–5 hours. Lemang is often served with [[rendang]] or [[serundeng]]. ==Distribution and traditions== In Indonesia, lemang is associated with [[Minangkabau people|Minangkabau]] tradition of [[West Sumatra]].<ref name="Tradisi Malamang">{{Cite news|url= https://m.merdeka.com/peristiwa/cerita-tradisi-malamang-dari-sumatera-barat.html|title=Lemang, Cerita Tradisi Malamang Dari Sumatera Barat|last=Eda Erwina|date=2014-05-08|website=Merdeka.com|language=id|access-date=2020-05-21}}</ref><ref name="Tribun Lemang">{{Cite news|url= https://www.tribunnewswiki.com/2019/07/18/lemang|title=Lemang|date=2019-07-18|website=Tribunnewswiki.com|language=id|access-date=2020-05-26}}</ref> Nevertheless, rice cooking method using bamboo tubes is widespread in the region, including [[Brunei]],<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.bt.com.bn/checkout/2009/09/08/lemang-stalls-are-found-everywhere|title='Lemang' stalls are found everywhere|author1=Bahrum Ali|author2=Bandar Seri Begwan|date=September 8, 2009|work=The Brunei Times|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151210185511/http://www.bt.com.bn/checkout/2009/09/08/lemang-stalls-are-found-everywhere|archive-date=December 10, 2015}}</ref> [[Minahasa]], [[Dayak people|Dayak]] and [[Orang Asli]] tribes.{{cn|date=September 2020}} The [[Minahasa]]n version of this dish is known as Nasi Jaha, which is cooked in the same method.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-11-19|title=Jika Sumbar Punya Lamang, Minahasa Punya Nasi Jaha|url=https://republika.co.id/berita/gaya-hidup/kuliner/16/11/19/ogwdu0280-jika-sumbar-punya-lamang-minahasa-punya-nasi-jaha|access-date=2020-09-20|website=Republika Online|language=id}}</ref> In Minangkabau tradition, lemang making is called ''Malamang''. Lemang is incomplete if it is not eaten together with [[tapai]], so they are likened to a man and a woman by Minang people. Lemang itself describes the togetherness of Minang people because its making process is always done together. There are several taboos that must be obeyed in making lemang and tapai. Lemang are also used as gifts when visiting other people’s homes, for example, when visiting in-laws or ''manjapuik marapulai'' ceremony.<ref name="Tradisi Malamang"/> However, there is no symbolic meaning behind the obligatory existence of lemang at traditional ceremonies. On the other hand, lemang and tapai are famous for their unique taste produced by the chemical components in their ingredients. In this article, the origin of lemang and tapai, the philosophy and presentation of lemang in the traditions of the Minangkabau people, and the flavor features of lemang and tapai from a scientific perspective are discussed.<ref name="Tradisi Malamang"/> [[Iban people]] usually prepare lemang for celebrations such as the [[harvest festival]] of [[Gawai Dayak|Hari Gawai]], lemang is usually eaten with meat dishes such as [[chicken curry]]. The cooking process used in making lemang for many different meats, also known as pansoh or pansuh by indigenous Dayak communities.<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.themalaymailonline.com/eat-drink/article/ayam-pansuh-a-sarawak-exotic-delicacy-loved-by-many-video|title='Ayam pansuh' — A Sarawak exotic delicacy loved by many|date=June 28, 2015|work=Malay Mail Online|access-date=July 14, 2016}}</ref> ==Gallery== <gallery class="center" caption="" widths="200px" heights="200px"> File:Cara belah buluh lemang.jpg|Cutting the hollowed bamboo to retrieve the lemang inside File:Piece of Lemang.jpg|A piece of lemang File:YosriLemangHidang.jpg|Serving lemang slices </gallery> ==See also== * [[Ketupat]] * [[Lemper]] * [[Lontong]] * [[Sticky rice in bamboo]] ==References== {{reflist}} ==External links== * {{Commons category-inline|Lemang}} {{Glutinous rice dishes}} {{Indonesian cuisine}} {{Bruneian cuisine}} {{Malaysian cuisine}} {{Singaporean cuisine}} {{Portal bar|Food|Indonesia|Malaysia|Singapore}} [[Category:Glutinous rice dishes]] [[Category:Padang cuisine]] [[Category:Malay cuisine]] [[Category:Indonesian cuisine]] [[Category:Indonesian snack foods]] [[Category:Indonesian rice dishes]] [[Category:Malaysian cuisine]] [[Category:Islamic cuisine]]'