TPSG1

TPSG1
Identifiers
Aliases	TPSG1, PRSS31, TMT, trpA, tryptase gamma 1
External IDs	OMIM: 609341; MGI: 1349391; HomoloGene: 74994; GeneCards: TPSG1; OMA:TPSG1 - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 16 (human)
End	1,225,268 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 17 (mouse)
End	25,593,416 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	mucosa of transverse colon; ; jejunal mucosa; ; mucosa of sigmoid colon; ; muscle layer of sigmoid colon; ; duodenum; ; Pituitary Gland; ; testicle; ; anterior pituitary; ; left ovary; ; rectum;
	Top expressed in
	intestinal villus; ; ileum; ; jejunum; ; morula; ; left colon; ; duodenum; ; lip; ; dentate gyrus of hippocampal formation granule cell; ; dermis; ; precursor cell;
	More reference expression data
	n/a
Gene ontology
Molecular function	peptidase activity; serine-type peptidase activity; hydrolase activity; serine-type endopeptidase activity;
Cellular component	integral component of membrane; integral component of plasma membrane; membrane; extracellular space;
Biological process	proteolysis;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	25823
	26945
	ENSG00000116176
	ENSMUSG00000033200
	Q9NRR2
	Q9QUL7
	NM_012467
	NM_012034; NM_001357726
	NP_036599
	n/a
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Tryptase gamma, also known as serine protease 31 or transmembrane tryptase, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the TPSG1 gene.^[5]

Function

Tryptases comprise a family of trypsin-like serine proteases, the peptidase family S1. Tryptases are enzymatically active only as heparin-stabilized tetramers, and they are resistant to all known endogenous proteinase inhibitors. Several tryptase genes are clustered on chromosome 16p13.3. There is uncertainty regarding the number of genes in this cluster. Currently four functional genes - alpha I, beta I, beta II and gamma I - have been identified. And beta I has an allelic variant named alpha II, beta II has an allelic variant beta III, also gamma I has an allelic variant gamma II. Beta tryptases appear to be the main isoenzymes expressed in mast cells; whereas in basophils, alpha-tryptases predominant. This gene differs from other members of the tryptase gene family in that it has C-terminal hydrophobic domain, which may serve as a membrane anchor. Tryptases have been implicated as mediators in the pathogenesis of asthma and other allergic and inflammatory disorders.^[5]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000116176 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000033200 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ ^a ^b "Entrez Gene: tryptase gamma 1".

Caughey GH (2002). "New developments in the genetics and activation of mast cell proteases". Mol. Immunol. 38 (16–18): 1353–7. doi:10.1016/S0161-5890(02)00087-1. PMID 12217407.
Caughey GH, Raymond WW, Blount JL, et al. (2000). "Characterization of human gamma-tryptases, novel members of the chromosome 16p mast cell tryptase and prostasin gene families". J. Immunol. 164 (12): 6566–75. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.164.12.6566. PMID 10843716.
Wong GW, Foster PS, Yasuda S, et al. (2002). "Biochemical and functional characterization of human transmembrane tryptase (TMT)/tryptase gamma. TMT is an exocytosed mast cell protease that induces airway hyperresponsiveness in vivo via an interleukin-13/interleukin-4 receptor alpha/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 6-dependent pathway". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (44): 41906–15. doi:10.1074/jbc.M205868200. PMID 12194977.
Daniels RJ, Peden JF, Lloyd C, et al. (2001). "Sequence, structure and pathology of the fully annotated terminal 2 Mb of the short arm of human chromosome 16". Hum. Mol. Genet. 10 (4): 339–52. doi:10.1093/hmg/10.4.339. PMID 11157797.
Wong GW, Tang Y, Feyfant E, et al. (1999). "Identification of a new member of the tryptase family of mouse and human mast cell proteases which possesses a novel COOH-terminal hydrophobic extension". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (43): 30784–93. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.43.30784. PMID 10521469.
Xiang M, Gu Y, Zhao F, et al. (2010). "Mast cell tryptase promotes breast cancer migration and invasion". Oncol. Rep. 23 (3): 615–9. doi:10.3892/or_00000676. PMID 20126998.

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.

This article on a gene on human chromosome 16 is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000116176 – Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000033200 – Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[entrez-5] "Entrez Gene: tryptase gamma 1".

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v t e Endopeptidases: serine proteases/serine endopeptidases (EC 3.4.21)
Digestive enzymes	Enteropeptidase Trypsin Chymotrypsin Elastase Neutrophil Pancreatic
Coagulation	factors: Thrombin Factor VIIa Factor IXa Factor Xa Factor XIa Factor XIIa Kallikrein PSA KLK1 KLK2 KLK3 KLK4 KLK5 KLK6 KLK7 KLK8 KLK9 KLK10 KLK11 KLK12 KLK13 KLK14 KLK15 fibrinolysis: Plasmin Plasminogen activator Tissue plasminogen activator Urinary plasminogen activator
Complement system	Factor B Factor D Factor I MASP MASP1 MASP2 C3-convertase
Other immune system	Chymase Granzyme Tryptase Proteinase 3/Myeloblastin
Venombin	Ancrod Batroxobin
Other	Acrosin Prolyl endopeptidase Pronase Proprotein convertases 1 2 Prostasin Reelin Subtilisin/Furin/S1P4 Sedolisin/TPP1 Streptokinase Cathepsin A G

v t e Enzymes
Activity	Active site Binding site Catalytic triad Oxyanion hole Enzyme promiscuity Diffusion-limited enzyme Cofactor Enzyme catalysis
Regulation	Allosteric regulation Cooperativity Enzyme inhibitor Enzyme activator
Classification	EC number Enzyme superfamily Enzyme family List of enzymes
Kinetics	Enzyme kinetics Eadie–Hofstee diagram Hanes–Woolf plot Lineweaver–Burk plot Michaelis–Menten kinetics
Types	EC1 Oxidoreductases (list) EC2 Transferases (list) EC3 Hydrolases (list) EC4 Lyases (list) EC5 Isomerases (list) EC6 Ligases (list) EC7 Translocases (list)

Function

References

Further reading