View source for circular

==English==

===Etymology===
From {{inh|en|enm|circuler}}, {{m|enm|circuleer}}, {{m|enm|circulere}}, from {{der|en|fro|circulier}}, from {{der|en|LL.|circularis}}, from {{der|en|la|circulus}}, diminutive of {{m|la|circus|t=ring}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{a|RP}} {{IPA|en|/ˈsɜːk.jə.lə(ɹ)/}}
* {{a|GA}} {{IPA|en|/ˈsɝk.jə.lɚ/}}
* {{audio|en|en-us-circular.ogg|Audio (US)}}
* {{hyph|en|cir|cu|lar}}

===Adjective===
{{en-adj}}

# Of or relating to a [[circle]].
# In the [[shape]] of, or [[moving]] in a circle.
#* {{RQ:Maxwell Mirror and the Lamp|chapter=5|passage=Here, in the transept and choir, where the service was being held, one was conscious every moment of an increasing brightness; colours glowing vividly beneath the '''circular''' chandeliers, and the rows of small lights on the choristers' desks flashed and sparkled in front of the boys' faces, deep linen collars, and red neckbands.}}
# [[circuitous|Circuitous]] or [[roundabout]].
# Referring back to itself, so as to prevent computation or comprehension; [[infinitely]] [[recursive]].
#: '''''circular''' reasoning''
#: ''Your dictionary defines "brave" as "courageous", and "courageous" as "brave". That's a '''circular''' definition.''
#: ''a '''circular''' formula in a spreadsheet''
#: ''I changed the definition of "sex" from "to have sex" to "to have sexual intercourse";  a dictionary definition must never be '''circular'''; using the word being defined to define itself.''
# [[distribute|Distributed]] to a large number of persons.
#* {{RQ:Hallam England|passage=a proclamation of Henry III., {{...}} doubtless '''circular''' throughout England}}
# {{lb|en|obsolete}} Perfect; complete.
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1632|author=Philip Massinger|title=Maid of Honour|section=act I, scene 2
|passage=A man so absolute and '''circular''' / In all those wished-for rarities that may take / A virgin captive.}}
# {{lb|en|archaic}} Adhering to a fixed [[circle]] of [[legend]]s; [[cyclic]]; hence, [[mean]]; [[inferior]].
#* '''February 1, 1711''', {{w|John Dennis (dramatist)|John Dennis}}, ''on the Genius and Writings of Shakespeare''
#*: Had Virgil been a '''circular''' poet, and closely adhered to history, how could the Romans have had Dido?

====Synonyms====
* {{l|en|ringlike}}
* {{l|en|ring-shaped}}
* {{l|en|round-like}}

====Hyponyms====
* {{l|en|semicircular}}

====Derived terms====
{{der4|en
|circular angle|circular arc|circular argument|circular breathing|circular cone|circular dichroism|circular economy|circular function|circular knitting|circular mil|circular note|circular parry|circular polarized light|circular queue|circular reference|circular sector|circular segment|court circular|semi-circular
|meta-circular
|near-circular
|circularise
|circularity
|microcircular}}

====Related terms====
{{rel4|en
|circle
|circular file
|circular firing squad
|circular saw}}

====Translations====
{{trans-top|of or relating to a circle}}
* Arabic: {{t|ar|دَائِرِيّ}}
* Armenian: {{t+|hy|շրջանագծային}}
* Asturian: {{t|ast|circular}}
* Belarusian: {{t|be|кругавы́}}
* Bengali: {{t+|bn|বৃত্তাকার}}, {{t|bn|গোলাকার}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|кръго́в}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|circular}}
* Esperanto: {{t|eo|cirkla}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|ympyrä|alt=ympyrä-}}
* French: {{t+|fr|circulaire}}
* Galician: {{t+|gl|circular|m|f}}
* German: {{t+|de|Kreis|alt=Kreis-}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|κυκλικός|m}}
*: Ancient: {{t|grc|κυκλικός}}
* Ido: {{t+|io|cirkla}}, {{t+|io|cirklala}}, {{t+|io|cirklatra}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|circolare}}
* Kurdish:
*: Northern Kurdish: {{t+|kmr|bazinî}}
* Macedonian: {{t|mk|кружен|sc=Cyrl}}
* Maori: {{t|mi|porohita}}, {{t|mi|porowhita}}
* Pashto: {{t|ps|ګرد|tr=gërd}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|circular}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|circular}}, {{t|ro|de cerc}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|кругово́й}}
* Scottish Gaelic: {{t|gd|cearcaill}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|circular}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|cirkulär}}, compounds with {{t+|sv|cirkel|c}} or {{t+|sv|ring|c}}
* Turkish: {{t+|tr|dairesel}}
* Ukrainian: {{t|uk|кругови́й}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|in the shape of, or moving in a circle}}
* Arabic: {{t|ar|دَائِرِيّ}}
* Armenian: {{t+|hy|շրջանաձև}}, {{t+|hy|բոլորաձև}}, {{t+|hy|շրջանագծային}}
* Asturian: {{t|ast|circular}}
* Belarusian: {{t|be|кру́глы}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|кръ́гъл}}
* Burmese: {{t+|my|ဝိုင်း|sc=Mymr}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|circular}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|圓|tr=yuán}}
* Czech: {{t+|cs|kulatý}}
* Danish: {{t+|da|rund}}, {{t+|da|cirkulær}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|rond}}
* Finnish: {{t|fi|[[ympyrä|ympyrän]] [[muotoinen]]}}, {{t+|fi|pyöreä}} {{q|in the shape of circle}}; {{t+|fi|pyörivä}} {{q|moving in a circle}}
* French: {{t+|fr|rond}}
* Galician: {{t+|gl|circular}}
* Georgian: {{t|ka|წრიული|sc=Geor}}
* German: {{t+|de|rund}}, {{t+|de|Kreis|alt=Kreis-}}, {{t|de|kreisartig}}, {{t+|de|kreisförmig}}, {{t+|de|kreisend}} {{qualifier|moving in a circle}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|κυκλικός}}
*: Ancient: {{t|grc|κυκλικός}}
* Hindi: {{t|hi|वृत्तीय}}, {{t+|hi|वर्तुल}}, {{t+|hi|गोल}}, {{t|hi|वृत्ताकार}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|körkörös}}
* Indonesian: {{t+|id|bundar}}
* Irish: {{t|ga|ciorclach}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|circolare}}
* Japanese: {{t+|ja|丸い|tr=まるい, marui|sc=Jpan}}
* Kurdish:
*: Northern Kurdish: {{t|kmr|bazineyî}}
* Macedonian: {{t|mk|кружен|sc=Cyrl}}
* Pashto: {{t|ps|ګرد|tr=gërd}}
* Persian: {{t+|fa|دایره|sc=fa-Arab}}
* Plautdietsch: {{t|pdt|runt}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|okrągły}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|circular}}, {{t+|pt|redondo}}, {{t+|pt|arredondado}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|circular}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|кру́глый}}, {{t+|ru|окру́глый}}
* Sanskrit: {{t+|sa|मण्डल}}
* Scottish Gaelic: {{t|gd|cearclach}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|circular}}
* Sundanese: {{t|su|bunder}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|rund}}, {{t+|sv|cirkulär}}, {{t+|sv|cirkelformad}}, {{t+|sv|ringformad}}
* Ukrainian: {{t+|uk|кру́глий}}
* Volapük: {{t+|vo|sirkafomik}}, {{t+|vo|klöpik}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top-also|circuitous or roundabout|circuitous|roundabout}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|обиколен}}
* Finnish: {{t|fi|[[kierto]]-}}, {{t+|fi|kiertelevä}}, {{t+|fi|epäsuora}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|περιστροφικός|m}}
* Macedonian: {{t|mk|обиколен|sc=Cyrl}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|circular}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|око́льный}}, {{t+|ru|кружно́й}}, {{t+|ru|окружно́й}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top-also|referring back to itself|circular definition}}
* Finnish: {{t|fi|kehämäinen}}, {{t+|fi|kehä|alt=kehä-}}
* German: {{t|de|zirkelhaft}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|distributed to a large number of persons}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|циркуля́рен}}
* Finnish: {{t|fi|laajalevikkinen}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|εγκύκλιος|m}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|циркуля́рный}}
{{trans-bottom}}

===Noun===
{{en-noun}}

# {{syn of|en|flyer|nodot=a}}: a [[printed]] [[advertisement]], [[directive]], or [[notice]] intended for [[mass]] [[circulation]].
#* {{RQ:Fry Liar|page=55|passage=The [[pigeon-hole]] was also stuffed with '''circulars''' and [[hand-bill]]s.}}
# {{short for|en|circular letter}}
# {{short for|en|circular file}}
# {{lb|en|dated}} A [[sleeveless]] [[cloak]] [[cut]] from a [[#Adjective|circular]] [[pattern]].
# A [[shuttle bus]] with a [[#Adjective|circular]] [[route]].

====See also====
* {{l|en|advertisement}}
* {{l|en|booklet}}
* {{l|en|brochure}}
* {{l|en|catalogue}}, {{l|en|catalog}}
* {{l|en|flier}}, {{l|en|flyer}}
* {{l|en|handbill}}, {{l|en|hand bill}}
* {{l|en|junk mail}}
* {{l|en|leaflet}}
* {{l|en|pamphlet}}

===Verb===
{{en-verb}}

# To [[distribute]] circulars to or at.
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1851  |title=Report on the State of Engine and Other Furnaces|author=G. W. Muir |page=19 |ISBN=|passage=The result of the sending of these notices confirms me in the opinion, that it will be necessary to adopt legal means with the great majority of these parties. The circulars have had little effect. In fact, the parties have been “'''circulared'''" into the notion that nothing more formidable will ever be sent to them.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1873  |title=Old and new - Volume 8 |author=|page=101 |ISBN=|passage=It is true, that, to obtain these, some six hundred or more institutions were '''circulared''', and a good many of these a second time.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1909  |title=Report of the Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Life Convention|author=American Life Convention |page=42 |ISBN=|passage=I do not mean to say we have never employed some of them who come to us—but we have never '''circulared''' agents or gone after them.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1962 |title=Medical Economics - Volume 39 |author=Harrie Sheridan Baketel |page=141 |ISBN=|passage=If you've ever been '''circulared''' by drug repackaging houses, you know they usually offer to trade a selection of office supplies for your unused drug samples. }}
# To extend in a circular direction.
#* {{quote-book|en|year=2008  |title=Dying in the Land of Promise|author=Donald E. Wagner, Kenneth Cragg |page=116 |ISBN=|passage=The theme can be expressed in an architectural analogy. For, of all contriving to encover space, the arch — alone or ''''circulared'''' into the dome — is the most ingenious.}}

{{C|en|Geometry|Circle}}

==Asturian==

===Etymology===
Borrowed from {{bor|ast|LL.|circularis}}, from {{der|ast|la|circulus}}.

===Adjective===
{{ast-adj-mf|pl=circulares}}

# {{l|en|circular}}

====Related terms====
* {{l|ast|círculu}}

===Verb===
{{ast-verb-ar|circul}}

# to [[circle]]

====Conjugation====
{{ast-conj-ar|circul}}

====Related terms====
* {{l|ast|círculu}}

==Catalan==

===Pronunciation===
* {{ca-IPA}}

===Etymology 1===
{{bor+|ca|LL.|circulāris}}, from {{der|ca|la|circulus}}.

====Adjective====
{{ca-adj|mf}}

# {{l|en|circular}}

====Noun====
{{ca-noun|f}}

# {{l|en|circular}}

===Etymology 2===
{{bor+|ca|LL.|circulo|circulāre}}, post-Augustan form of {{der|ca|la|circulor|circulārī}}.

====Verb====
{{ca-verb}}

# to [[circulate]]
# to [[move]], to [[travel]]

=====Conjugation=====
{{ca-conj-ar|circul}}

===Related terms===
* {{l|ca|cercle}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:IEC2}}
* {{R:GDLC}}
* {{R:DNV}}
* {{R:DCVB}}

==Galician==

===Etymology===
Borrowed from {{bor|gl|LL.|circularis}}, from {{der|gl|la|circulus}}.

===Adjective===
{{gl-adj|f=circular|pl=circulares}}

# {{lb|gl|geometry}} {{l|en|circular}}

====Related terms====
* {{l|gl|círculo}}

==Portuguese==

===Etymology 1===
Borrowed from {{bor|pt|LL.|circulāris||circular round}}, from {{der|pt|la|circulus}}, corresponding to {{affix|pt|círculo|-ar}}.

====Pronunciation====
{{pt-IPA|circularh}}
* {{hyph|pt|cir|cu|lar}}

====Adjective====
{{pt-adj}}

# {{l|en|circular}}; [[round]]
#: {{ux|pt|Vimos um objeto '''circular''' sobrevoando a cidade.|We saw a '''round''' object flying over the city.}}
#: {{syn|pt|redondo|rotundo}}
# {{lb|pt|Brazil}} running in a [[loop]]
#: {{ux|pt|Ônibus '''circular'''.|Shuttle bus.}}
# {{lb|pt|rhetoric|lexicography}} {{l|en|circular}} {{gloss|referring back to itself}}
#: {{ux|pt|Definição '''circular'''.|'''Circular''' definition.}}
# {{l|en|circular}} {{gloss|distributed to a large number of people}}
#: {{ux|pt|Carta '''circular'''.|'''Circular''' letter.}}

====Noun====
{{pt-noun|f}}

# [[circular letter]] {{gloss|official communication distributed to interested parties}}
# {{lb|pt|Portugal}} [[ring road]]
#: {{syn|pt|circunvalação|q1=Portugal|anel rodoviário|q2=Brazil|rodoanel|q3=Brazil}}

====Noun====
{{pt-noun|m}}

# {{lb|pt|Brazil}} {{l|en|circular}} {{gloss|shuttle bus that runs in a loop}}

===Etymology 2===
Borrowed from {{bor|pt|la|circulo|circulāre|to make round}}, post-Augustan form of {{der|pt|la|circulor|circulārī}}.

====Pronunciation====
{{pt-IPA}}
* {{hyph|pt|cir|cu|lar}}

====Verb====
{{pt-verb}}

# {{lb|pt|transitive}} to [[circle]] {{gloss|to place a circle around}}
#: {{uxi|pt|'''Circulem''' a resposta correta.|'''Circle''' the correct answer.}}
#: {{syn|pt|circundar}}
# {{lb|pt|intransitive}} to [[circle]] {{gloss|to move around an axis}}
#: {{uxi|pt|Nosso planeta '''circula''' ao redor do Sol.|Our planet '''circles''' the Sun.}}
#: {{syn|pt|girar|rodar}}
# {{lb|pt|intransitive}} to [[circulate]] {{gloss|to move through a circuit}}
#: {{uxi|pt|O sangue parou de '''circular''' em suas veias.|Blood stopped '''flowing''' in his veins.}}
# {{lb|pt|intransitive}} to [[flow]] freely
#: {{uxi|pt|Abri as janelas para o ar '''circular'''.|I opened the windows to get a better airflow.}}
# {{indtr|pt|por|intr=1}} to [[move about]]; to walk around
#: {{uxi|pt|Depois que a neve derreteu, as pessoas começaram a '''circular''' pelo parque.|After the snow melted, people started '''walking around''' the park.}}
#: {{uxi|pt|'''Circulem'''!|'''Get going'''! [''used to disperse a crowd'']}}
# {{lb|pt|transitive}} to [[circulate]]; to [[disseminate]]; to [[spread]]
#: {{uxi|pt|Os alunos '''circularam''' um rumor muito maldoso.|The students '''spread''' a nasty rumour.}}
# {{lb|pt|intransitive}} to [[circulate]]; to be disseminated; to be spread; to [[go around]]
#: {{uxi|pt|'''Circulava''' uma notícia sobre o acidente.|News about the accident '''had been going around'''.}}
## {{lb|pt|economics}} to [[circulate]] {{gloss|to be valid as currency}}
##: {{uxi|pt|O '''euro''' deixará de circular no Reino Unido.|The euro will no longer '''circulate''' in the United Kingdom.}}
## {{lb|pt|media}} to [[circulate]] {{gloss|to be published and distributed}}
##: {{uxi|pt|Este é o único jornal que ainda '''circula'''.|This is the only newspaper still in circulation.}}

=====Conjugation=====
{{pt-conj}}

==Romanian==

===Etymology===
From {{bor|ro|fr|circulaire}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|ro|/t͡ʃirkuˈlar/}}

===Adjective===
{{ro-adj}}

# {{l|en|circular}}

====Declension====
{{ro-decl-adj}}

====Related terms====
* {{l|ro|cerc}}

==Spanish==

===Pronunciation===
{{es-pr}}

===Etymology 1===
{{bor+|es|LL.|circulāris}}, from {{der|es|la|circulus}}.

====Adjective====
{{es-adj}}

# {{l|en|circular}}

=====Derived terms=====
{{col-auto|es|circularmente|sierra circular}}

====Noun====
{{es-noun|f}}

#  [[flyer]], {{l|en|circular}} {{gloss|advertisement}}

===Etymology 2===
{{bor+|es|LL.|circulō|circulāre}}, post-Augustan form of {{der|es|la|circulor|circulārī}}. Doublet of the inherited {{doublet|es|cerchar|notext=1}}<ref>{{R:es:DRAE|entry=cerchar|id=8JvYB4v}}</ref>.

====Verb====
{{es-verb}}

# to [[circulate]]
# to [[go round]], move around
# to [[scram]], [[clear off]]

=====Conjugation=====
{{es-conj}}

===Related terms===
{{col-auto|es|círculo}}

===References===
<references/>

===Further reading===
* {{R:es:DRAE}}