View source for 怎

{{also|咋}}
{{character info}}
==Translingual==
{{stroke order|strokes=9}}

===Han character===
{{Han char|rn=61|rad=心|as=05|sn=9|four=80331|canj=HSP|ids=⿱乍心}}

====Derived characters====
* {{l|mul|[[𠷿]]}}

====References====
{{Han ref|kx=0379.170|dkj=10431|dj=0708.010|hdz=42280.100|uh=600E}}

==Chinese==
{{zh-forms}}

===Glyph origin===
{{Han compound|乍|心|ls=psc|c1=p|c2=s|t2=heart}}.

===Etymology===
First attested in the word {{zh-l|*怎生}} {{defdate|10th c.}} ({{zh-ref|Yuan et al., 1996}}).

Contraction of {{ltc-l|作|id=3}} + some variant of {{ltc-l|物|thing; what}}, literally “to do what” ({{zh-ref|Norman, 1988}}). This is evidenced in forms found in the {{w|Tang dynasty|Tang}} and {{w|Song dynasty|Song}} dynasties ({{zh-ref|Yuan et al., 1996}}): {{ltc-l|作勿生|id=3,y,1}} {{defdate|8th c.}}, {{ltc-l|作沒生|id=3,y,1}} {{defdate|8th c.}}, {{ltc-l|作摩|id=3,1}} {{defdate|10th c.}}, {{ltc-l|作麼|id=3,y}} {{defdate|10th c.}}.

===Pronunciation===
{{zh-pron
|m=zěn
|ma=Zh-zen.ogg
|c=zam2,zaam2,dim2
|c_note=zam2 - literary; zaam2 - literary (rare); dim2 - vernacular (most likely unrelated), more commonly written as {{zh-l|*點}}
|h=pfs=
|md=ciōng/cīng
|md_note=ciōng - vernacular (also written as {{zh-l|*蔣}}); cīng - literary
|mn=xm,zz,tw:chóaⁿ/qz:chài/xm,twv:cháiⁿ/twv:chá/twv:chóa/twv:chái/xm,zz,tw:chím/qz:chérm
|mn_note=chóaⁿ/chài/cháiⁿ/chá/chóa/chái - vernacular; chím/chérm - literary
|mn-t=za2
|w=sh:5tsen
|mc=
|oc=
|cat=adv,pron
}}

===Definitions===
{{head|zh|hanzi}}

# [[how]]; [[why]]
# [[what]]

====Synonyms====
{{zh-dial|怎麼}}

===Compounds===
{{col3|zh|怎地|怎的|怎敢|怎好|怎麼|怎麼得了|怎麼樣|怎麼著//怎麼着//怎么着|怎奈|怎生|怎樣|怎不|怎麼辦|怎麼會|怎知|不知怎的|不怎麼樣|怎麼搞的|不毬的怎|多怎|怎價|怎向|怎奈向|怎得|怎樣着|怎生向|怎當|怎當得|怎見得|怎許|怎說|nan:按怎<tr:àn-chóaⁿ>}}

===References===
* {{R:twedu|A01333}}
* {{R:yue:Hanzi}}

==Japanese==

===Kanji===
{{ja-kanji|grade=|rs=心05}}

# [[why]]
# [[how]]

====Readings====
{{ja-readings
|on=しん, そ, そう
|kun=いか-で, ど-う, ど-うで, なんぞ-, いかで-, どう-}}

===Etymology 1===
{{ja-kanjitab|いかで|yomi=kun}}
{{ja-see|争で}}

===Etymology 2===
{{ja-kanjitab|どう|yomi=kun|alt=如何}}
{{ja-see|どう}}

===Etymology 3===
{{ja-kanjitab|なんぞ|yomi=kun}}
{{ja-see|なんぞ}}

==Vietnamese==

===Han character===
{{vi-readings|rs=心05|reading=chẩm, chẩn, tẩn, trẫm}}

# {{rfdef|vi|sort=心05}}

====References====
* [http://nomfoundation.org/common/nom_details.php?codepoint=600E Nom Foundation]