View source for deus

{{also|déus|Deus}}
==Catalan==

===Etymology 1===

====Pronunciation====
* {{ca-IPA|è}}

====Noun====
{{head|ca|noun form|g=m-p}}

# {{plural of|ca|deu|t=tens}}

===Etymology 2===

====Pronunciation====
* {{ca-IPA|è}}

====Noun====
{{head|ca|noun form|g=f-p}}

# {{plural of|ca|deu|t=springs {{q|of water}}}}

===Etymology 3===

====Pronunciation====
* {{ca-IPA|ê}}

====Verb====
{{head|ca|verb form}}

# {{ca-verb form of|deure}}

==Galician==

===Etymology===
From {{inh|gl|roa-opt|deus}}, from {{inh|gl|la|deus}}.

===Pronunciation===
{{gl-pr|dêus}}
* {{hyph|gl|deus}}

===Noun===
{{gl-noun|m|f=#a}}

# [[god]], [[deity]]

====Related terms====
* {{l|gl|adeus}}
* {{l|gl|Deus}}

===References===
* {{R:gl:DDGM}}
* {{R:gl:CX}}
* {{R:gl:DDLG}}
* {{R:gl:TILG}}

{{C|gl|Religion}}

==Latin==
{{wikipedia|lang=la}}

===Alternative forms===
* {{alt|la|Deus||letter case, God in Abrahamic faiths}}
* {{alt|la|dius||used in the phrase "me dius fidius"}}

===Etymology===
{{root|la|ine-pro|*dyew-}}
From {{der|la|itc-ola|deivos}}, from {{inh|la|itc-pro|*deiwos}}, from {{der|la|ine-pro|*deywós}}. An o-stem derivative from {{m|ine-pro|*dyew-||sky, heaven}}, from which also {{m|la|diēs}} and {{m|la|Iuppiter}}.

{{rel-top|Details}}
{{doublet|la|dīvus}}: ''dẹ̄vos, -om, -ōs > dẹ̄os, -om, -ōs'' with regular loss of ''-v-'' before a rounded vowel; it was also lost between identical vowels, followed by contraction: ''*dẹ̄vẹ̄(s)'' > {{m|la|dī|dī(s)}}. As a result, the close ''-ẹ̄-'' escaped the regular raising to /ī/ of urban (but not dialectal) Latin, instead merging with /ē/, which itself underwent raising. The remaining genitive singular ''*dī'' was regularised to {{m|la|deī}}, while the vocative became part of the paradigm of the newly-reshaped {{m|la|dīvus}}.<ref>{{R:la:OHCGL|225}}</ref><ref>{{R:itc:EDL}}</ref> ''de-'' was later analogicaly introduced into the plural; the form {{m|la|diī|diī(s)}} is absent from Plautus, and might have been reincorporated from a contraction of {{m|la|dīvī}} (with the same condition as before), or even be purely orthographic.

Cognates with {{cog|grc|Ζεύς}}, {{cog|grc|Διεύς}}, {{cog|sa|देव|tr=devá}}, {{cog|ae|𐬛𐬀𐬉𐬎𐬎𐬀}}, {{cog|cy|duw}}, {{cog|lt|dievas}}, {{cog|lv|dievs}}, {{cog|fa|دیو||tr=div|t=demon}}.
{{rel-bottom}}

Despite its superficial similarity in form and meaning, not related to {{cog|grc|θεός}} — the Latin cognate of the latter is {{cog|la|fānum}}.<ref>{{R:ine:IELC|II|1}}</ref>

===Pronunciation===
* {{la-IPA|deus}}

===Noun===
{{la-noun|deus<irreg>|g=m|f=dea}}

# [[god]], [[deity]]
#* {{Q|la|Plautus|Captivi|138|thru=140|quote=''HEGIO'' Ergasile, salvē. ''ERGASILUS'' '''Dī''' tē bene ament, Hēgiō.|t=''HE.'' How are you, Ergasilus? ''ER.'' May '''the gods''' be kind to you, Hegio.}}
#* {{Q|la|Cicero|De Haruspicum Responso|42|quote=Hic vērō, dē quō ego ipse tam multa nunc dīcō. Prō, '''dī''' immortālēs! Quid est? Quid valet?|t=And as for him, the man that I myself have now spent so many words on. Good '''gods'''! What is he? What power does he exert?}}
#* {{Q|la|Scribonius Largus|Compositiones|84|6–7, 17–19|year=47 CE|quote=Sī nōn vīderant medicī, meritō essent culpandī{{...}}Et, ō bone '''deus''', hī sunt ipsī, quī imputant suam culpam medicāmentīs quasi nihil proficientibus!|t=If physicians didn't see this, they deserved to be blamed{{...}}And, my '''god''', these are the very people who blame their failure on medications, saying that they don't work!}}
#* {{Q|la|Velleius Paterculus|Historia Romana|2|126|year=ca. 19 BCE – ca. 31 CE|quote=Sacrāvit parentem suum Caesar nōn imperiō, sed religiōne. Nōn appellāvit eum, sed fēcit '''deum'''.|t=Augustus deified his father [Julius] not by the exercise of power, but by creating an attitude of reverence. He did not just call him '''a god''', but ''made'' him be one.}}
#* {{Q|la|Jerome|Vulgate|John|1|1|quote=In prīncipiō erat Verbum, et Verbum erat apud '''Deum''', et '''Deus''' erat Verbum.|t=In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with '''God''', and '''God''' was the Word.}}
# the ancient Roman “Dī Penātēs,” personal or family gods of hearth and home, embodied as small statues or icons
#* {{Q|la|Virgil|Aeneid|1|5|thru=6|quote=multa quoque et bellō passūs, dum conderet urbem, īnferretque '''deōs''' Latiō.|trans=''And [Aeneas] also suffered much in war, until he could found a city, and could carry his '''gods''' into Latium.''<br/>(Within the context of ancient Roman religious beliefs, the safe transfer of Aeneas’s family gods from Troy to Italy was symbolically as meaningful as the arrival of the man himself. See: {{w|Di Penates}}.)}}
# [[epithet]] of high [[distinction]]
#* {{Q|la|Cicero|Epistulae ad Atticum|4|16|quote=fēcī idem quod in Πολιτείᾳ '''deus''' ille noster Platō.|t=I did the same thing as our good old '''everything''', Plato, had done in his ''Republic.''}}
#* {{Q|la|Vergil|Aeneid|5|392|thru=393|quote="Entelle, hērōum quondam fortissime frūstrā{{...}}Ubi nunc nōbīs '''deus''' ille, magister nēquīquam memorātus, Eryx?{{...}}"|t="Entellus, once bravest of heroes, though in vain{{...}}Where now is that '''divine''' Eryx [the Sicilian king], whom you have vaunted to be your teacher?}}

====Usage notes====
*The regularly constructed vocative singular form would be '''*dee''', but this inflection is not attested in [[Classical Latin]]; [[polytheistic]] Romans had no formal use for vocally addressing one of the many [[w:List_of_Roman_deities|Roman deities]] by a generic term for god rather than address a deity by proper name. In [[Late Latin]], following Rome's conversion to [[monotheistic]] [[w:Christianity|Christianity]], '''Dee''' and '''Deus''' were adopted as the vocative singular form to address the Christian God, attested to throughout the 4th century AD [[Biblical Latin]] [[w:Vulgate|Vulgate]] Bible of [[w:St. Jerome|St. Jerome]]. Some scholars suggest '''{{l|la|dive}}''' was used as the classical vocative singular, while others believe the form simply did not exist prior to [[w:Christian Latin literature|Christian Latin]]. However the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae and Oxford Latin Dictionary assert that the classical vocative singular was in fact '''deus''', citing its rhetorical usage by Roman physician [[w:Scribonius Largus|Scribonius Largus]] in the 1st century AD.<ref>{{cite-journal |author=John Rauk |date=April 1997 |title=The Vocative of Deus and Its Problems |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/270330 |journal=Classical Philology |volume=92 |issue=2 |pages=138-149 }}</ref>

====Declension====
{{la-ndecl|deus<irreg>}}

====Coordinate terms====
* {{l|la|dea}} (goddess)

====Derived terms====
{{der3|la
|deitās
|Di Manes
|deus ex māchinā
|DM
}}

====Related terms====
* {{l|la|deifer}}
* {{l|la|deificō}}
* {{l|la|deificus}}
* {{l|la|Deus}}

====Descendants====
{{hcol}}
* Eastern Romance
** {{desc|ro|zeu|zău}}
* {{desc|frp|diô}}
* Italo-Dalmatian
** {{desc|co|diu|dio}}
** {{desc|dlm|di|dai}}
** {{desc|ist|deo}}
** {{desc|it|dio|deh}}
** {{desc|nap|ddìo}}
** {{desc|scn|deu|diu}}
* Occitano-Romance
** {{desc|ca|déu}}
** {{desc|pro|deu}}
*** {{desc|oc|dieu}}
* {{desc|fro|deu}}
** {{desctree|frm|dieu}}
** {{desc|roa-brg|dei}}
** {{desc|nrf|dùu|dgieu}}
* Rhaeto-Romance
** {{desc|fur|diu}}
** {{desc|rm|dieu}}
* {{desc|sc|déu}}
* {{desc|vec|dio}}
* West Iberian
** {{desc|an|dios}}
** {{desc|ext|dios}}
** {{desc|roa-ole}}
*** {{desc|ast|dios}}
*** {{desc|roa-leo|dius|dious}}
*** {{desc|mwl|dius}}
** {{desctree|roa-opt|deus}}
** {{desctree|osp|dio|dios}}

===References===
<references/>

===Further reading===
* {{R:L&S}}
* {{R:Elementary Lewis}}
* {{R:du Cange}}
* {{R:Gaffiot}}
* {{R:M&A}}

{{cln|la|noun forms}}
{{C|la|Gods}}

==Old French==

===Alternative forms===
* {{alt|fro|deuz}}

===Etymology===
From {{inh|fro|la|duos}}, {{m|la|duas}}, the masculine and feminine accusative singulars of {{m|la|duō}}. The nominative form {{m|fro|dui}} come from plural {{cog|VL.||*duī}}, altered from {{m|la|duō}} under analogy with forms like {{m|la|duae}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|fro|/deu̯s/}}

===Numeral===
{{enum|fro|un|trois|cardinal number|2}}
{{head|fro|numeral|nominative|dui}}

# [[two]]

====Descendants====
* {{desctree|frm|deux}}
* {{desc|nrf|deux}}
* {{desc|en|deuce|bor=1}}

{{cln|fro|cardinal numbers}}

==Old Galician-Portuguese==

===Alternative forms===
* {{l|roa-opt|Deus}}
* {{l|roa-opt|deꝯ}} {{qualifier|abbreviation}}
* {{l|roa-opt|dṡ}} {{qualifier|abbreviation}}

===Etymology===
From {{inh|roa-opt|la|deus||god}}. See {{m|la|deus||}} for more information.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|roa-opt|/ˈd̪ews̺/}}

===Proper noun===
{{head|roa-opt|proper noun}}

# {{lb|roa-opt|Christianity}} [[God]]
#* {{roa-opt-cite-cantigas|E|3|http://www.pbm.com/~lindahl/cantigas/facsimiles/E/057small.html}}
#*: Por ela nos perdõou / '''deus''' o pecado Dadam. / da maçãa que goſtou. per / que ſoffreu muit affan.
#*:: Through her, '''God''' forgave us of Adam’s sin. Of the apple he tasted, because she felt very anguished.

====Descendants====
* {{desc|gl|deus}}
* {{desc|pt|deus}} {{see desc}}

==Portuguese==

===Alternative forms===
* {{alt|pt|deos||obsolete}}

===Etymology===
From {{inh|pt|roa-opt|deus||God}}, from {{inh|pt|la|deus||god, deity}}, unusual in that it was derived from the nominative instead of the accusative ({{m|la|deum}}), from {{der|pt|itc-ola|deivos||god, deity}}, from {{der|pt|itc-pro|*deiwos||god, deity}}, from {{der|pt|ine-pro|*deywós||god, deity}}, from {{m|ine-pro|*dyew-||sky, heaven}}.

===Pronunciation===
{{pt-IPA|dêus}}
* {{homophones|pt|Deus}}

===Noun===
{{pt-noun|m|#es|f=#a|f2=deia|f2_qual=poetic}}

# [[god]]; [[deity]]
#: {{syn|pt|divindade}}

====Derived terms====
{{col-auto|pt|Deus
|deus-dará
|deus grego
|endeusar
}}

====Related terms====
{{rel4|pt|deus ex machina|diva|divinal|divinar|divindade|divinizar|divino}}

====Descendants====
* {{desc|bor=1|jv|ꦢꦼꦗꦺꦴꦱ꧀}}
** {{desc|bor=1|nl|Joost}}
*** {{desc|af|josie}}
* {{desc|bor=1|cpi|-}}
** {{desc|bor=1|en|joss}}

{{C|pt|Religion}}

==Walloon==

===Etymology===
From {{inh|wa|fro|deus}} (compare {{cog|fr|deux}}), from {{inh|wa|la|duōs}}, masculine accusative of {{m|la|duo}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|wa|/døː/}}

===Numeral===
{{head|wa|numeral}}

# [[two]]

{{cln|wa|cardinal numbers}}