View source for fundamental

==English==

===Etymology===
From {{bor|en|LL.|fundamentālis}}, from {{der|en|la|fundamentum||foundation}}, from {{m|la|fundō||to lay the foundation (of something), to found}}, from {{m|la|fundus||bottom}}, from {{der|en|ine-pro|*bʰudʰmḗn}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|en|/ˌfʌndəˈmɛntəl/}}
* {{audio|en|en-us-fundamental.ogg|a=US}}
* {{hyph|en|fun|da|men|tal}}

===Noun===
{{en-noun}}

# {{lb|en|usually|in the plural}} A main or major principle, rule, law, etc. which serves as the foundation or basis of a system; an essential part
#: {{ux|en|one of the '''fundamentals''' of linear algebra}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1722|author=John Locke|title=The Works of John Locke ...: With Alphabetical Tables ...|page=572
|text=When any one offers me a compleat Catalogue of his '''Fundamentals''', he does not unreaſonably demand me to quit mine for nothing{{nb...}}}}
#* {{quote-book
|en
|year=1928
|author=w:Franklin D. Roosevelt
|title=The Happy Warrior Alfred E. Smith
|url=https://archive.org/details/happywarrioralfr006717mbp/
|publisher=w:Houghton Mifflin
|OCLC=769015
|OL=6719278M
|page=28
|pageurl=https://archive.org/details/happywarrioralfr006717mbp/page/n39/
|text=Personal leadership is a '''fundamental''' of successful government.}}
# {{lb|en|physics}} The lowest [[frequency]] of a [[periodic]] [[waveform]].
# {{lb|en|music}} The lowest [[partial]] of a [[complex]] [[tone]].

====Translations====
{{trans-top|a leading or primary principle, rule, law, or article}}
* Armenian: {{t+|hy|հիմունք}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|при́нцип|m}}, {{t+|bg|осно́ва|f}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|fonamental|f}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|基本|tr=jīběn}}
* Czech: {{t+|cs|zásadní}}
* Finnish: {{t|fi|fundamentti}}, {{t+|fi|perusta}}, {{t+|fi|peruskivi}}, {{t+|fi|perusteet|p}}
* French: {{t+|fr|fondement}}
* Galician: {{t+|gl|fundamento|m}}
* Georgian: {{t|ka|საფუძველი}}, {{t|ka|ძირითადი წესი}}
* German: {{t+|de|Grundlage|f}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|θεμέλιο|n}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|fondamento|m}}
* Japanese: {{t+|ja|基本|tr=きほん, kihon}}
* Korean: {{t+|ko|기본}}
* Maori: {{t|mi|tūāpapa}}
* Mari:
*: Eastern Mari: {{t|mhr|тӱҥ}}
* Navajo: {{t|nv|áʼádaatʼéhígíí}}
* Norwegian: {{t+|no|fundamental}}
*: Bokmål: {{t+|nb|grunnleggende}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|fundamento|m}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|fundament|n}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|основа|f-p|alt=осно́вы}}, {{t+|ru|при́нцип|m}}
* Serbo-Croatian:
*: Roman: {{t+|sh|ȍsnova|f}}, {{t+|sh|tèmelj|m}}
{{trans-bottom}}

===Adjective===
{{en-adj}}

# Related to a foundation, base, or basis; serving as a foundation.
# [[essential|Essential]]; extremely important.
#: {{syn|en|elementary}}
#: {{coi|en|a '''fundamental''' truth; &nbsp; a '''fundamental''' axiom; &nbsp; a '''fundamental''' element; &nbsp; '''fundamental''' principle; &nbsp;  '''fundamental''' law}}
#: {{ux|en|A need for belonging seems '''fundamental''' to humans.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|date=2013-06-28|author=w:Joris Luyendijk
|volume=189|issue=3|page=21|magazine=w:The Guardian Weekly
|title=[http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/joris-luyendijk-banking-blog/2013/jun/19/banking-britain-beyond-control Our banks are out of control]
|passage=Seeing the British establishment struggle with the financial sector is like watching an alcoholic&nbsp;[&hellip;].&nbsp; Until 2008 there was denial over what finance had become.&nbsp;[&hellip;]&nbsp; But the scandals kept coming,&nbsp;[&hellip;]. A broad section of the political class now recognises the need for change but remains unable to see the necessity of a '''fundamental''' overhaul. Instead it offers fixes and patches.}}

====Synonyms====
* {{l|en|groundlaying}}
* See also [[Thesaurus:bare-bones]]

====Derived terms====
{{der4|en
|fundamentalism
|fundamentalist
|fundamentality
|fundamentally
|fundamentalness
|fundamental analysis
|algebraic fundamental group|first fundamental form|fundamental constant|fundamental force|fundamental frequency|fundamental group|fundamental interaction|fundamental niche|fundamental painting|fundamental particle|fundamental right|fundamental science|fundamental theorem|fundamental theorem of arithmetic|fundamental unit}}

====Related terms====
{{rel2|en
|fundament
}}

====Translations====
{{trans-top|pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation}}
* Arabic: {{t+|ar|أَسَاسِيّ}}
* Belarusian: {{t+|be|асно́ўны}}, {{t|be|фундамента́льны}}, {{t|be|падставо́вы}}
* Bengali: {{t+|bn|মৌলিক}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|фундамента́лен}}, {{t+|bg|осно́вен}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|fonamental}}
* Chinese:
*: Cantonese: {{t|yue|基本|tr=gei1 bun2}}
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|基本|tr=jīběn}}
* Czech: {{t+|cs|základní}}, {{t+|cs|podstatný}}
* Danish: {{t|da|fundamental}}, {{t+|da|grundlæggende}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|fundamenteel}}
* Esperanto: {{t|eo|fundamenta}}
* Estonian: {{t|et|põhi-}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|perustavanlaatuinen}}, {{t+|fi|olennainen}}, {{t+|fi|fundamentaalinen}}, {{t+|fi|perus-}}
* French: {{t+|fr|fondamental}}
* Galician: {{t+|gl|fundamental}}
* Georgian: {{t|ka|ფუძემდებელი}}, {{t|ka|ფუნდამენტალური}}, {{t|ka|ფუნდამენტური}}, {{t+|ka|არსებითი}}, {{t|ka|ძირითადი}}
* German: {{t+|de|grundlegend}}, {{t+|de|fundamental}}, {{t+|de|grundsätzlich}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|θεμελιώδης|m|f}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|alapvető}}
* Ingrian: {{t|izh|osnovnoi}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|fondamentale}}
* Japanese: {{t|ja|[[基本的]]な|tr=きほんてきな, kihonteki na}}
* Kazakh: {{t|kk|іргелі}}
* Korean: {{t+|ko|기본적}}
* Latvian: {{t|lv|fundamentāls}}
* Malayalam: {{t|ml|അടിസ്ഥാന}}, {{t+|ml|മൗലിക}}
* Maltese: {{t|mt|fundamentali}}, {{t|mt|fondamentali}}
* Maori: {{t|mi|whakapū}}
* Norwegian:
*: Bokmål: {{t+|nb|fundamental}}, {{t+|nb|grunnleggende}}
*: Nynorsk: {{t|nn|fundamental}}
* Persian: {{t+|fa|بنیادی|tr=bonyâdi}}, {{t+|fa|اساسی|tr=asâsi}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|podstawowy}}, {{t+|pl|fundamentalny}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|fundamental}}
* Quechua: {{t+|qu|tiksi}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|fundamental}}, {{t|ro|de bază}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|основно́й}}, {{t+|ru|основополага́ющий}}, {{t+|ru|фундамента́льный}}, {{t+|ru|суще́ственный}}
* Serbo-Croatian: {{t+|sh|fȕndamentālan}}, {{t+|sh|ȍsnovān}}, {{t+|sh|tȅmēljnī}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|fundamental}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|grundläggande}}, {{t+|sv|fundamental}}
* Tagalog: {{t|tl|batayan}}
* Tajik: {{t+|tg|бунёдӣ}}, {{t|tg|асосӣ}}
* Thai: {{t+|th|พื้นฐาน}}, {{t+|th|เบื้องต้น}}
* Turkish: {{t+|tr|esas}}, {{t+|tr|temel}}, {{t+|tr|ana}}
* Ukrainian: {{t|uk|основни́й}}, {{t|uk|фундамента́льний}}, {{t|uk|підставо́вий}}
{{trans-bottom}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:Webster 1913}}
* {{R:Century 1911}}

==Danish==

===Etymology===
From {{suffix|da|fundament|al}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|da|/fɔndaməntaːl/|[fɔnd̥amənˈtˢæːˀl]}}
* {{audio|da|Da-fundamental.ogg}}

===Adjective===
{{da-adj}}

# [[basic]], {{l|en|fundamental}}

====Inflection====
{{da-infl-adj}}

====Synonyms====
* {{l|da|afgørende}}
* {{l|da|basal}}
* {{l|da|grundliggende}}, {{l|da|grundlæggende}}

====Derived terms====
* {{l|da|fundamentalisme}}
* {{l|da|fundamentalist}}

==Galician==

===Etymology===
From {{der|gl|la|fundāmentālis}}. {{surf|gl|fundamento|-al}}.

===Pronunciation===
{{gl-pr|fundamėntal|fundamẹntal}}
* {{hyph|gl|fun|da|men|tal}}

===Adjective===
{{gl-adj}}

# {{l|en|fundamental}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:gl:DRAG}}

==German==

===Etymology===
{{bor+|de|la|fundāmentālis}}. {{surf|de|Fundament|-al}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|de|/fʊndamɛnˈtaːl/}}
* {{hyph|de|fun|da|men|tal}}
* {{audio|de|De-fundamental.ogg}}

===Adjective===
{{de-adj|comp}}

# [[#English|fundamental]]
#: {{syn|de|grundlegend}}

====Declension====
{{de-adecl|comp}}

====Derived terms====
* {{l|de|Fundamentalismus}}, {{l|de|Fundamentalist}}

====Related terms====
* {{l|de|Fundamentalerkenntnis}}, {{l|de|Fundamentalentscheidung}}, {{l|de|Fundamentalgesetz}}, {{l|de|Fundamentalsatz}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:Duden}}
* {{R:DWDS}}

==Indonesian==

===Etymology===
{{bor+|id|en|fundamental}}, from {{der|id|LL.|fundamentālis}}, from {{der|id|la|fundamentum||foundation}}, from {{m|la|fundō||to lay the foundation (of something), to found}}, from {{m|la|fundus||bottom}}, from {{der|id|ine-pro|*bʰudʰmḗn}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|id|/fʊn.da.ˈmɛn.tal/}}
* {{rhymes|id|tal|s=4}}
* {{hyphenation|id|fun|da|men|tal}}
* {{rhymes|id|al|s=4}}

===Adjective===
{{id-adj}}
# {{l|en|fundamental}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:KBBI Daring}}

==Norwegian Bokmål==

===Etymology===
From {{der|nb|la|fundamentalis}}.

===Adjective===
{{nb-adj-1|non-comp}}

# {{l|en|fundamental}}, [[basic]]

====Related terms====
* {{l|nb|fundament}}

===References===
* {{R:Dokpro|lang=nb}}
* {{R:NAOB}}

==Norwegian Nynorsk==

===Etymology===
From {{der|nn|la|fundamentalis}}.

===Adjective===
{{nn-adj-1|non-comp}}

# {{l|en|fundamental}}, [[basic]]

====Related terms====
* {{l|nn|fundament}}

===References===
* {{R:Dokpro|lang=nn}}

==Portuguese==

===Etymology===
{{bor+|pt|la|fundāmentālis}}.

===Pronunciation===
{{pt-IPA}}
* {{hyph|pt|fun|da|men|tal}}

===Adjective===
{{pt-adj}}

# {{l|en|fundamental}}; [[essential]] {{gloss|pertaining to the basic part or notion of something}}
#: {{syn|pt|essencial|básico}}

====Derived terms====
* {{l|pt|fundamentalismo}}
* {{l|pt|fundamentalista}}
* {{l|pt|fundamentalmente}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:pt:Michaelis}}
* {{R:pt:Priberam}}

==Romanian==

===Etymology===
{{bor+|ro|fr|fondamental}}, from {{der|ro|la|fundamentalis}}. Equivalent to {{af|ro|fundament|-al}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|ro|/ˌfun.da.menˈtal/}}

===Adjective===
{{ro-adj|4}}

# {{l|en|fundamental}}

====Declension====
{{ro-adj-4}}

====Related terms====
{{rel-top}}
* {{l|ro|fundament}}
* {{l|ro|fundamenta}}
* {{l|ro|fundamentabil}}
* {{l|ro|fundamentare}}
* {{l|ro|fundamentat}}
{{rel-bottom}}

===References===
* {{R:DEX}}

==Spanish==

===Etymology===
From {{der|es|la|fundāmentālis}}.

===Pronunciation===
{{es-pr}}

===Adjective===
{{es-adj}}

# {{l|en|fundamental}}

====Derived terms====
{{col-auto|es
|derecho fundamental
|fundamentalismo
|fundamentalista
|fundamentalmente
|interacción fundamental
|teorema fundamental
}}

====Related terms====
{{col-auto|es|fundamentar|fundamento|fundar}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:es:DRAE}}

==Swedish==

===Adjective===
{{sv-adj|-}}

# {{l|en|fundamental}}

====Declension====
{{sv-adj-abs}}

===References===
* {{R:svenska.se|so}}
* {{R:svenska.se|saol}}
* {{R:svenska.se|saob}}