View source for grate

{{also|Grate|gråte|Gräte}}
==English==

===Pronunciation===
* {{enPR|grāt}}, {{IPA|en|/ɡɹeɪt/}}
* {{audio|en|en-us-grate.ogg|a=US}}
* {{rhymes|en|eɪt|s=1}}
* {{homophones|en|great}}

===Etymology 1===
From {{inh|en|enm|grate}}, from a {{der|en|ML.|grāta}}, from a Latin word for a hurdle; or {{cog|it|grata}}, from {{der|en|la|cratis}}.

====Noun====
{{en-noun}}

# A [[horizontal]] metal [[grill]] through which liquid, ash, or small objects can fall, while larger objects cannot.
#: {{ux|en|The '''grate''' stopped the sheep from escaping from their field.}}
#* {{RQ:Shakespeare Henry 6-1|I|iv|passage=a secret '''grate''' of iron bars}}
# A frame or bed, or kind of basket, of iron bars, for holding [[fuel]] while [[burn]]ing.
# {{lb|en|historical}} A [[grapper]], a metal ring on a [[lance]] behind the [[grip]].
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1969|author=Herbert Walter Macklin|title=Monumental Brasses
|text=Lances (only shown at Stoke D'Abernon) were commonly made of ash, about 13 feet long. A ring of metal ('''grate''' or grapper) was fastened to the shaft and during a fight{{nb...}}}}
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1980|title=The Encyclopedia Americana|volume=16|page=683
|passage={{...}} and a heavy metal ring, called the grate or graper, fastened to the shaft below the grip. The '''grate''' rested against the knight's breastplate and relieved the hand and arm of the full shock of contact. The metallic head (or socket) of the war lance was usually leaf shaped, while that of the tilting lance, at least from{{nb...}}}}

=====Synonyms=====
{{checksense|en}}
* {{l|en|grill}}

=====Derived terms=====
{{der4|en|fire grate|fire-grate|register grate|rocking grate|step grate}}

=====Translations=====
{{trans-top|horizontal metal grill}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|ска́ра|f}}, {{t+|bg|реше́тка|f}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|morrió|m}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|爐架|tr=lújià}}, {{t|cmn|箅子|tr=bìzi}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|rooster|n}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|ritilä}}; {{t+|fi|arina}} {{q|under fire}}
* Galician: {{t+|gl|grade|f}}
* German: {{t+|de|Rost|m}}, {{t+|de|Gitter|n}}
* Hawaiian: {{t|haw|hao hakahaka}}, {{t|haw|hao manamana}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|rács}}, {{t+|hu|rácsozat}}, {{t+|hu|rostély}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|grata}}
* Latin: {{t|la|[[cancellus|cancellī]]|m-p}}, {{t|la|clāthrī|m-p}}
* Maori: {{t|mi|mātiti}}
* Plautdietsch: {{t|pdt|Hieet|n}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|krata|f}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|grade}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|решётка|f}}, {{t+|ru|се́тка|f}}
* Scottish Gaelic: {{qualifier|at fireplace}} {{t|gd|cliath-theine|f}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|rejilla|f}}
* Turkish: {{t+|tr|ızgara}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|frame or bed for holding fuel}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|скара|f}}
{{trans-bottom}}

====Verb====
{{en-verb}}

# {{lb|en|transitive}} To furnish with grates; to protect with a grating or crossbars.
#: {{ux|en|to '''grate''' a window}}

===Etymology 2===
From {{inh|en|enm|graten}}, from {{der|en|fro|grater|t=to scrape}} ( > {{cog|fr|gratter}}), from {{der|en|frk|*krattōn}}, from {{der|en|gem-pro|*krattōną}}. Cognate with {{cog|goh|krazzon}}<ref>{{R:Online Etymology Dictionary|glut}}</ref> ( > {{cog|de|kratzen|t=to scrawl}} > {{cog|da|kradse}}), {{cog|is|krassa|t=to scrawl}} <ref>[http://ordnet.dk/ods/opslag?id=482013 Etymology] of kradse in [[:w:da:ODS|ODS]]</ref> and {{cog|da|kratte}}.

====Verb====
{{en-verb}}

# {{lb|en|transitive|cooking}} To [[shred]] (things, usually foodstuffs), by [[rub]]bing across a [[grater]].
#: {{ux|en|I need to '''grate''' the cheese before the potato is cooked.}}
# {{lb|en|intransitive}} To make an unpleasant rasping sound, often as the result of rubbing against something.
#* '''1856''', {{w|Gustave Flaubert}}, {{w|Madame Bovary}}, Part 3 Chapter X, translated by Eleanor Marx-Aveling
#*: The gate suddenly '''grated'''. It was Lestiboudois; he came to fetch his spade, that he had forgotten. He recognised Justin climbing over the wall, and at last knew who was the culprit who stole his potatoes.
#* {{RQ:Maxwell Mirror and the Lamp|chapter=7|passage=The turmoil went on—no rest, no peace. {{...}} It was nearly eleven o'clock now, and he strolled out again. In the little fair created by the costers' barrows the evening only seemed beginning; and the naphtha flares made one's eyes ache, the men's voices '''grated''' harshly, and the girls' faces saddened one.}}
#: {{ux|en|Listening to his teeth '''grate''' all day long drives me mad.}}
#: {{ux|en|The chalk '''grated''' against the board.}}
# {{lb|en|by extension|intransitive}} To [[get on one's nerves]]; to [[irritate]], [[annoy]].
#: {{ux|en|She’s nice enough, but she can begin to '''grate''' if there is no-one else to talk to.}}
# {{lb|en|by extension|transitive}} To [[annoy]].
#* '''2015''', Art Levy in ''Florida Trend'', ''[https://www.floridatrend.com/article/18509/roland-martin-is-a-florida-icon Roland Martin is a Florida 'Icon']''
#*: one of the issues that's kind of '''grating''' me a little bit is weed control.
#* {{RQ:Shakespeare Antony and Cleopatra|I|i|passage=News, my good lord Rome {{...}} '''grates''' me.}}

=====Derived terms=====
{{der4|en
|grater
|grating
|gratings
|grate upon}}

=====Translations=====
{{trans-top|cooking: to shred by rubbing}}
* Afrikaans: {{t|af|rasper}}
* Arabic: {{t+|ar|بَشَر}}
* Azerbaijani: {{t+|az|sürtmək}}
* Bashkir: {{t|ba|ҡырыу}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|стържа}}, {{t|bg|настъргвам}}
* Danish: {{t+|da|rive}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|raspen}}, {{t+|nl|malen}}
* Esperanto: {{t|eo|raspi}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|raastaa}}
* French: {{t+|fr|râper}}
* Georgian: {{t-needed|ka}}
* German: {{t+|de|reiben}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|τρίβω}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|reszel}}, {{t+|hu|lereszel}}
* Ingrian: {{t|izh|törkätä}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|grattugiare|alt=grattuggiare}}
* Lithuanian: {{t|lt|tarkuoti}}
* Maori: {{t|mi|pākēkē}}, {{t|mi|pakepakē}}, {{t+|mi|waru}}, {{t|mi|roroi}}, {{t|mi|waruwaru}}
* Mbyá Guaraní: {{t|gun|kyty}}
* Norwegian: {{t+|no|rive}}, {{t+|no|raspe}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|ralar}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|rade}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|тере́ть|impf}}; {{t+|ru|натира́ть|impf}}, {{t+|ru|натере́ть|pf}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|rallar}}, {{t+|es|guayar}}
* Swahili: {{t+|sw|kuna}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|riva}}
* Turkish: {{t+|tr|rendelemek}}
* Ukrainian: {{t|uk|те́рти}}, {{t+|uk|натира́ти|impf}}, {{t|uk|нате́рти|pf}}
* Yiddish: {{t|yi|צערײַבן}}, {{t|yi|רײַבן}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|to make an unpleasant rasping sound}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|скърцам}}
* Finnish: {{t|fi|narskua}}, {{t+|fi|narista}}, {{t+|fi|kitistä}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|csikorog}}, {{t+|hu|nyikorog}}
* Ingrian: {{t|izh|korskaa}}, {{t|izh|narskaa}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|stridere}}
* Maori: {{t|mi|ngākeke}}, {{t|mi|tiotio}}, {{t|mi|pakakū}}, {{t|mi|kakū}}, {{t|mi|kukū}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|rechinar}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|gnissla}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|to grate on one's nerves, irritate}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|дразня}}
* Dutch: {{t|nl|op de zenuwen werken}}, {{t+|nl|irriteren}}, {{t+|nl|vervelen}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|raastaa}}, {{t+|fi|ärsyttää}}
* Swahili: {{t+|sw|kuna}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{checktrans-top}}
* Arabic: {{t+check|ar|بشر|alt=بَشَرَ}}
* Danish: {{t-check|da|gnide}} <!-- Was under deleted sense "to rub against" -->
* Dutch: {{t+check|nl|wrijven}} <!-- Was under deleted sense "to rub against" -->
* French: {{t+check|fr|taper sur les nerfs}}
* German: {{t+check|de|reiben}} <!-- Was under deleted sense "to rub against" -->
* Maori: {{t-check|mi|pakakū}} <!-- Was under deleted sense "to rub against" -->
* Norman: {{t-check|nrf|gratter}} {{qualifier|Jersey}}
* Portuguese: {{t+check|pt|raspar}} <!-- Was under deleted sense "to rub against" -->
* Swahili: {{t+check|sw|kuna}} <!-- Was under deleted sense "to rub against" -->
{{trans-bottom}}

===Etymology 3===
From {{der|en|la|grātus|t=agreeable}}.

====Adjective====
{{en-adj}}

# {{lb|en|obsolete}} Serving to [[gratify]]; [[agreeable]].
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1677|author={{w|Sir Thomas Herbert, 1st Baronet|Sir Thomas Herbert}}|title=Some Yeares Travels into Africa and Asia the Great|passage=Coho or Coffee{{...}}however ingrate or insapory it seems at first, it becomes '''grate''' and delicious enough by custom.}}

===Etymology 4===

====Adjective====
{{en-adj}}

# {{obsolete spelling of|en|great}}
#* ''c.'' '''1815''', Mary Woody, ''A true account of {{w|Omie Wise|Nayomy Wise}}''
#*: He promisd her a '''grate''' reward

===References===
<references/>

===Anagrams===
* {{anagrams|en|a=aegrt|'Gater|Gater|Greta|ergat-|great|great-|retag|targe|terga}}

==Italian==

===Pronunciation===
{{it-pr|gràte}}

===Adjective===
{{head|it|adjective form|g=f}}

# {{adj form of|it|grato||f|p}}

===Anagrams===
* {{anagrams|it|a=aegrt|terga}}

==Latin==

===Etymology===
From {{m|la|grātus|t=agreeable}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{la-IPA|grātē}}

===Adverb===
{{la-adv|grātē}}

# [[gladly]], [[willingly]]
# [[gratefully]], [[thankfully]]

====Related terms====
{{rel4|la
|grātēs
|grātia
|grātificātiō
|grātificor
|grātiīs
|grātiōsus
|grātīs
|grātor
|grātuītus
|grātulātiō
|grātulor
|grātus}}

===References===
* {{R:L&S}}
* {{R:Elementary Lewis}}

==Spanish==

===Verb===
{{head|es|verb form}}

# {{es-verb form of|gratar}}

==Yola==

===Etymology===
From {{inh|yol|enm|grot|grote}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|yol|/ɡɾɔːt/}} <!-- Please  DO NOT change the vowel to /aː/! Compare Zimaan=Zimoon -->

===Noun===
{{head|yol|noun}}

# [[groat]] (old coin)

===References===
* {{R:Poole 1867|page=43}}