View source for r

{{also|R|г|Appendix:Variations of "r"}}
{{character info}}
{{character info/var|ʳ|ｒ|𝆌}}
{{minitoc}}
==Translingual==
{{wikipedia}}

===Etymology 1===
[[Image:RomanR-01.png|50px|Upper case R, the source for lower case ''r'']]
Modification of capital letter {{m|mul|R}} by not closing the bottom of the loop but continuing into the leg to save a pen stroke, later shortening the right leg into a simple arc.

====Alternative forms====
* {{alter|mul|ꝛ||archaic}}

====Letter====
{{mul-letter|upper=R|lower=r|sc=Latn}}

# The eighteenth letter of the [[Appendix:Latin script|basic modern Latin alphabet]].

=====See also=====
{{Latn-script}}
* {{qualifier|select symbols}} [[®]] [[ℝ]] [[ɻ]] [[r̃]]
* {{qualifier|other scripts}} Cyrillic {{m|mul|sc=Cyrl|р|tr=r}} {{m|mul|sc=Cyrl|я|tr=ja}}, Greek {{m|mul|sc=Grek|ρ|tr=r||rho}}, Hebrew {{m|mul|sc=Hebr|ר|tr=r||resh}}, Hangeul {{m|mul|sc=Hang|ㄹ|tr=r||rieul}}
* {{l|mul|dog's letter}}

===Etymology 2===

====Pronunciation====
* {{audio|mul|Alveolar trill.ogg|Pronunciation of IPA {{IPAfont|[rɑː, ɑrrɑː]}} with the sound {{IPAfont|[r]}}}}

====Symbol====
{{wikipedia|Alveolar trill}}
{{head|mul|symbol}}

# {{abbreviation of|en|ronto-}}
# {{lb|mul|engineering|geometry}} [[radius]]
# {{lb|mul|{{w|IPA}}}} (a) an [[alveolar]] [[trill]].
#: (b) {{ng|Used in {{w|broad transcription}} for any rhotic consonant, e.g. in English, French or Japanese where the {{angbr|r}} is not a trill {{IPAfont|[r]}}.}}
#: (c) {{lb|mul|superscript {{angbr IPA|ʳ}}}} an {{IPAfont|[r]}}-[[trill]] [[release]] (of a [[plosive]]); a weak, fleeting or epenthetic {{IPAfont|[r]}}.
#: (d) {{lb|mul|superscript|obsolete}} a non-trilled [[rhotic]] coloration or {{l|en|offglide}} of a {{l|en|vowel}}; a [[rhotic vowel]], now formed with {{angbr IPA|◌˞}} or a more-precise transcription such as {{angbr IPA|[[ʴ]]}} &ndash; see [[ʳ|{{angbr|ʳ}}]].
# {{lb|mul|transcription}} used in several romanization systems of non-Latin scripts to represent various [[rhotic]] sounds:
## {{non-gloss|Romanization of the Hebrew {{he-m|ר||reish”, “resh”, “rēš}} in the Common Israeli, Hebrew Academy (1953 and 2006), and ISO 259 transliteration schemes}}
## {{non-gloss|Romanization of the Hebrew {{he-m|רּ||reish”, “resh”, “rēš ḥāzāq}} in the Common Israeli transliteration scheme}}
# {{lb|mul|chemistry}} of a tactic diad, having structural units in opposition.
# {{lb|mul|physics}} [[relative]]. E.g. ''vr'' or ''v<sub>r</sub>'' for relative [[velocity]].

=====Synonyms=====
* {{sense|Romanization of {{lang|he|רּ}}, “reish”, “resh”, “rēš ḥāzāq”}} {{l|mul|rr}} {{qualifier|in the Hebrew Academy (1953 and 2006) and ISO 259 transliteration schemes}}
[[Category:IPA symbols|R]]

===Gallery===
<gallery caption="Letter styles" perrow=3 mode=packed>
Image:Latin R.png|Uppercase and lowercase versions of '''R''', in normal and italic type
Image:Fraktur letter r.svg|Uppercase and lowercase '''R''' in [[Fraktur]]
</gallery>

===See also===
{{Letter
|page=R
|NATO=Romeo
|Morse=·–·
|Braille=⠗
}}

==English==

===Etymology 1===
[[Image:Runic letter raido.png|left|50px|Anglo-Saxon Futhorc letter ᚱ, the Old English letter replaced by Latin r]]
Old English lower case letter {{m|en|r}}, from 7th century replacement by Latin lower case {{m|la|r}} of the Anglo-Saxon Futhorc letter {{m|mul|ᚱ}}.

====Pronunciation====
* {{sense|letter name}}
*: {{IPA|en|/ɑː(ɹ)/|a=RP}}
*:: {{audio|en|En-uk-r.ogg|a=UK}}
*: {{IPA|en|/ɑɹ/|a=GA}}
*:: {{audio|en|En-us-r.ogg|a=US}}
*: {{IPA|en|/ɔːɹ/|a=Ireland}}
*: {{IPA|en|/ˈɑɹə/|a=AAVE}}
*: {{rhymes|en|ɑː(ɹ)|s=1}}
* {{sense|phoneme}}
*: {{IPA|en|/ɹ/|a=non-rhotic}} or a lengthening of the previous vowel, {{IPA|en|/ɹ/|a=rhotic}}

====Letter====
{{en-letter}}

# {{Latn-def|en|letter|18|ar}}

=====See also=====
* {{list:Latin script letters/en}}

====Number====
{{en-number|upper=R|lower=r}}

# {{Latn-def|en|ordinal|18|ar}}

===Etymology 2===
From {{m|en|are}} and {{m|en|our}}, pronounced like the name of the letter {{m|en|r}}.

====Verb====
{{head|en|verb form}}

# {{cln|en|gramograms}}{{lb|en|Internet slang|text messaging}} {{abbreviation of|en|are}}
#: {{uxi|en|How '''r''' u|How '''are''' you?}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=2018|author=w:Tommy Orange|chapter=Jacquie Red Feather|title=w:[[There There (novel)|There There]]|location=New York, N.Y.|publisher=w:Vintage Books|isbn=9780525436140|page=100|passage=''What '''r''' u doing?'' Jacquie texted Opal. She put her phone on the bed and went to her suitcase to get her swimsuit.}}

=====Translations=====
{{trans-top|text messaging: are}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|6}}
{{trans-bottom}}

====Determiner====
{{head|en|determiner}}

# {{lb|en|Internet slang|text messaging}} {{abbreviation of|en|our}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=2013|author=w:Jessica Burkhart|title=Home for Christmas|series=w:Canterwood Crest|seriesvolume=Super Special|location=New York, NY|publisher={{w|Simon & Schuster|Aladdin M!X}}|isbn=9781442436619|page=44|pageurl=https://archive.org/details/homeforchristmas0000burk/page/44/mode/2up?q=r|passage=This was supposed 2 be a SURPRISE, but the girls got it out of me. ☺ I wanted all of us 2 spend Xmas 2gether. By all, I mean '''r''' horses 2. Sooo . . . B, C, G, Z, & D, you have guests waiting @ BC. Zane, Valentino, Scout, Nero, & Polo r there! Now we can ride '''r''' horses when we r not volunteering & spend Xmas w them. ☺}}

===Etymology 3===
Abbreviations.

'''{{PAGENAME}}'''
# {{lb|en|stenoscript}} the sound sequence /ɑr/, including the verb '''''{{m|en|are}}'''''
# {{lb|en|stenoscript}} {{abbreviation of|en|her|nodot=1}} {{ng|and inflection'' '''{{m|en|hers}}'''.}}
# {{lb|en|stenoscript}} {{abbreviation of|en|our|dot=,}} {{ng|inflection'' '''{{m|en|ours}}''', and homophone'' '''{{m|en|hour}}'''.}}

===See also===
{{col2|en|bossy r|hard r|intrusive r|linking r|r rotunda|r-dropping|r-process|r-selection|r-tard|r-value|r-word|small r republican|small-r republican|straight r|r-less|r-slur|r-slurred}}

==Azerbaijani==

===Pronunciation===
* {{qualifier|phoneme}} {{IPA|az|/r/}}

===Letter===
{{az-letter|upper=R|lower=r}}

# {{Latn-def|az|letter|24}}

====See also====
* {{list:Latin script letters/az}}

==Basque==

===Pronunciation===
{{eu-IPA|erre}}

===Letter===
{{eu-letter|upper=R|lower=r}}

# {{Latn-def|eu|letter|19|erre}}

====See also====
* {{list:Latin script letters/eu}}

==Central Mazahua==

===Pronunciation===
*{{IPA|maz|/r/}}

===Letter===
{{head|maz|letters|upper case|R}}

# {{ng|A letter of the [[Mazahua]] alphabet.}}

====See also====
* {{list:Latin script letters/maz}}

==Dutch==

===Pronunciation===
* {{audio|nl|Nl-r.ogg}}
* {{rhymes|nl|ɛr|s=1}}
* {{sense|letter name}} {{IPA|nl|/ɛr/}}

===Letter===
{{head|nl|letter|lower case||upper case|R}}

# {{Latn-def|nl|letter|18}}

====Derived terms====
* {{l|nl|bekakte r}}

===See also===
* Previous letter: {{l|nl|q}}
* Next letter: {{l|nl|s}}

===See also===
* [['r]]

==Egyptian==
{{was fwotd|egy|2016|July|19}}

===Etymology 1===
The actual reading of this word is uncertain, as it is always written as an ideogram, but evidence from Coptic suggests the original was {{m|egy|rꜣ}}. The extension in meaning to ‘part, piece, fraction’ might be either by way of a mouthful being used as a standard share in some distribution of food or goods,<ref>Palma, Helena Lopez (2015) “Egyptian Fractional Numerals: The grammar of Egyptian NPs and statements with fractional number expressions” in ''Lingua Aegyptia'', volume 23, page 199</ref> or else extended from its meaning of ‘opening’ > ‘division’.

====Pronunciation====
{{egy-IPA-R|o=ɾaʀ|m=ɾaʀ|ml=ɾaʔ|l=ɾaʔ|ref=<ref>{{R:egy:Loprieno|58}}</ref>
|onote=&#x20;{{q|singular}}; {{IPA|egy|/ˈɾaːʀaw/}} {{q|plural}}
|mnote=&#x20;{{q|singular}}; {{IPA|egy|/ˈɾaːʀaw/}} {{q|plural}}
|mlnote=&#x20;{{q|singular}}; {{IPA|egy|/ˈɾaːwə/}} {{q|plural}}
|lnote=&#x20;{{q|singular}}; {{IPA|egy|/ˈɾoːw/}} {{q|plural}}}}
{{egy-IPA-E}}
* {{IPA|egy|/ɝ/|a=Egyptological,as pronounced by Americans}}

====Noun====
{{egy-noun|m|type=consonant stem|head=r:Z1}}

# [[mouth]] (of humans or animals)
#* '''Reign of Amenemhat II or Senusret II,''' {{c.|1929–1878 {{BCE}}}}, Stela of Hekaib (Rijksmuseum van Oudheden, [https://www.rmo.nl/collectie/topstukken/stele-van-hekaib/ AP 78]):
#*: {{quote|egy|{{egy-h|nw:k n:D-s-A1 i-q:r D:d m r:Z1-f}}
|tr=jnk nḏs jqr ḏd m '''r(ꜣ)'''.f
|I was an excellent individual, one who spoke with his own '''mouth'''.}}
# {{lb|egy|figuratively|chiefly in titles}} [[speaker]], [[mouthpiece]]
# [[utterance]], [[statement]]
# especially, [[ritual]] utterance, [[spell]]
# {{lb|egy|rare}} [[language]], [[manner]] of [[speech]]
# [[opening]], [[hole]]
# [[bodily]] [[orifice]], [[opening]] of the [[human]] [[body]] in general, including [[eye]]s, [[ear]]s, [[nostril]]s, the [[vulva]], and [[open]] [[wound]]s
# [[entrance]] to a [[building]] or other [[enclose]]d [[structure]], [[doorway]]
#* {{Q|egy||Amduat A II|First Hour, closing text, lines 8–9|quote={{egy-h|i-w-h-i-i-Y2:n-r:a-ra*Z1-r:r*Z1-O31:O31-tA:N23*Z1-!-h-<!--9-->nw-W-A4-n:k-z:r-q:Y2-Ax-x-H_SPACE:ra-w-aq-q:H_SPACE-k-dwA-pr:n-wr:r-t:xAst}}
|tr=jw hy n rꜥ r '''r(ꜣ)''' ꜥꜣwj tꜣ hnw n.k srq ꜣḫw ꜥq.k sbꜣ n(j) wrt
|t=May there be cries of joy for Ra at the '''opening''' of the double doors of the earth, and acclaim for you who make the [[akh]]-spirits breathe when you enter the door of the Great (i.e. the afterworld).}}
# [[entrance]] to a [[land]] or [[place]] in general
# [[mouth]] of a [[river]]
# [[water]]’s [[edge]], [[waterline]]
# {{lb|egy|especially|in compounds}} [[place]] or [[thing]] seen as an [[opening]] from one point to another, [[passage]], [[thoroughfare]]
# a [[measure]] of [[volume]] equivalent to {{frac|1|32}} of a {{m|egy|hnw}} or {{frac|1|320}} of a {{m|egy|ḥqꜣt}} ([[about]] 15 [[millilitre]]s); [[mouthful]]
# [[part]], [[piece]], [[fraction]]
# {{lb|egy|mathematics}} {{ng|used as a numerator of 1 in fractions, literally “piece of (the denominator)”.}}
#* '''12th Dynasty''', Siut Tomb I, 285, published in Griffith, Francis Llewellyn, ''The inscriptions of Siûṭ and Dêr Rîfeh'':
#*: {{quote|egy|{{egy-h|r:V1*V1*V1-V20*V20*V20:V20*V20*V20}}|tr='''r(ꜣ)''' ḫmtw-št sjsjw|{{frac|1|360}}}}

=====Usage notes=====
<div>Following Sethe,<ref>Sethe, Kurt (1916) ''Von Zahlen und Zahlworten bei den alten Ägyptern'', page 82–83</ref> it has often been suggested that {{m|egy||r}} should also be taken to mean ‘one third’ as a reading of the sign {{egy-h|D150}} (questionably attested in hieroglyphs proper), extrapolating backward from the dual form {{m|egy|rwj||two thirds}}; however, such a usage remains uncertain, and the reading of the form {{m|egy|ḫmt-rw||three fourths}} argues against the interpretation of {{m|egy||r}} in {{m|egy|rwj}} as specifically meaning a third.</div>

=====Inflection=====
{{egy-decl-noun|g=m|type=consonant-stem|r}}

In the sense of ‘mouth’ the plural is rare, as the singular is usually used even in reference to the mouths of multiple people.

=====Alternative forms=====
{{egy-hieroforms
|r|read1=r|note1=rare
|r:Z1*F51|read2=r|date2=New Kingdom
|y:r*Z1-F51|read3=jr|date3=21st Dynasty|note3=in hieratic
|r:F51|read4=r|date4=Greco-Roman Period}}

The senses relating to ‘opening, doorway’ sometimes carry different determinatives:

{{egy-hieroforms
|r:Z1-O31:O31|read1=r|date1=Old and Middle Kingdoms and Greco-Roman Period|note1=in senses relating to ‘opening, doorway’
|r:Z1-O31|read2=r|date2=Old and Middle Kingdoms and Greco-Roman Period|note2=in senses relating to ‘opening, doorway’}}

The sense ‘water’s edge’ is similarly sometimes found with a different determinative:

{{egy-hieroforms
|r:Z1-mw|read1=r}}

=====Derived terms=====
{{col-auto|egy
|jꜥw-r
|jmj-r
|jmt-r
|ꜥšꜣ-r
|wpt-r
|m r wꜥ
|nḏ r
|r-jb
|rwj
|rwj wꜥ
|rw nw prt m hrw
|r-pr
|r n kmt
|r-sṯꜣw
|rḏj r
|ḫmt-rw
|tp-r}}

=====Descendants=====
* {{desc|egx-dem|rꜣ}}
** {{desc|cop-akh|ⲣⲟ|ⲣⲱ⸗}}
** {{desc|cop-boh|ⲣⲟ|ⲣⲉ-|ⲣⲱ⸗}}
** {{desc|cop-fay|ⲗⲁ|ⲗⲉ-|ⲗⲱ⸗}}
** {{desc|cop-lyc|ⲣⲟ|ⲣⲱ⸗}}
** {{desc|cop-old|ⲣⲱ⸗}}
** {{desc|cop-sah|ⲣⲟ|ⲣⲁ-|ⲣⲉ-|ⲣⲱ⸗}}

===Etymology 2===
Possibly cognate to {{cog|he|אֶל||to, at|tr=ʾel}}, {{cog|ar|إِلَى||to, until, near}}.<ref>{{R:egy:Hoch|15}}</ref>

====Pronunciation====
{{egy-IPA-R|o=jiɾ|m=jiʔ|ml=ʔə|l=ʔə}}
{{egy-IPA-E}}
* {{IPA|egy|/ɝ/|a=Egyptological,US}}

====Preposition====
{{egy-prep|head=r}}

# [[regarding]], [[with respect to]], [[concerning]], [[according to]]
# [[in order to]], [[for]] (the purpose of)
# {{lb|egy|with following infinitive}} {{ng|forms the [[periphrastic]] [[prospective]] of a verb}}
# {{lb|egy|with verbs of motion|of places}} [[to]], [[towards]]
# {{lb|egy|in adverbial sentences|of places, roles, or functions}} [[headed]] for, [[destined]] for, [[bound]] for
# {{lb|egy|of time}} [[at]], [[in]], [[on]]
# [[against]], in [[opposition]] to
# [[from]], apart from (''[[ablative]]'')
# {{lb|egy|after an adjective or adverb|forming the comparative}} [[than]], by [[comparison]] to
# {{label|egy|generally in sentence-initial form {{m|egy|jr}}}} {{ng|introduces the [[protasis]] of a [[conditional]] [[sentence]]}}; [[if]], [[when]], [[as]]
# {{lb|egy|with a verb in the [[terminative]] as object}} [[until]]

=====Inflection=====
{{egy-hieroforms|title=Adverbial forms of {{m-self|egy|r}}
|i-r:Z4|read1=jrj
|i-r|read2=jr}}

=====Alternative forms=====
{{egy-hieroforms
|i-r|read1=jr|date1=since the Old Kingdom|note1=at the beginning of a sentence,<br>and occasionally before pronouns;<br>in wider usage in the Old Kingdom
|i-w|read2=jw|date2=Late Period}}

=====Derived terms=====
{{col-auto|egy
|ꜣd jb r
|jrj
|jrj ꜣ r gs
|wšd r mdwt
|m ꜣt r ꜣt
|mḏd-r-nbtj
|r ꜣw
|r ꜣbb
|r-jmjtw
|r-jmjtw-nj
|r jmntt
|r ꜥ
|r ꜥꜣt
|r jwd
|r jqr
|r-pw
|r mj
|r mḏdw n jb n
|r nḥḥ
|r ntt
|r ḥꜣt
|r ẖnw
|r sꜣ
|r šꜣꜥ
|r gs
|rḏj mꜣꜥ r
|r ḏbꜣ
|r ḏr
|r ḏd
|ḥrw r
|spr r dmj
|st-r-mḏd
|šꜣꜥ r}}

=====Descendants=====
* {{desc|egx-dem|r|jw|jr⸗|r.r⸗|r.ḥr⸗|r.jr⸗|r.j.jr⸗}}
** {{desc|cop-akh|ⲁ-|ⲁⲣⲁ⸗}}
** {{desc|cop-boh|ⲉ-|ⲉⲣⲟ⸗}}
** {{desc|cop-fay|ⲉ-|ⲉⲗⲁ⸗}}
** {{desc|cop-lyc|ⲁ-}}
** {{desc|cop-old|ⲁ-|ⲁⲣⲁ⸗}}
** {{desc|cop-sah|ⲉ-|ⲉⲣⲟ⸗}}

====Particle====
{{egy-part|enclitic|head=r}}

# {{lb|egy|with attached suffix pronoun}} [[so]], [[regarding]] ([[that]], [[you]], [[me]], etc.), [[as for]] ([[that]], [[you]], [[me]], etc.)

=====Usage notes=====
This usage is distinguished from the preposition by the fact that it occurs as the enclitic second element in a clause instead of at the end of a clause, as is otherwise the case with prepositional phrases.

=====Alternative forms=====
{{egy-hieroforms
|i-r|read1=jr}}

===See also===
* {{l|egy|𓂋}}

===References===
* {{R:egy:TLA|rʾ|92560|r|91900|jr|28170}}
* {{R:egy:Wb|1|103.6–103.9}}
* {{R:egy:Wb|2|386.6–388.10, 389.1–392.10}}
* {{R:egy:Faulkner|145–146}}
* {{R:egy:Allen|65, 71, 87, 118, 170, 179–180, 196, 410–411}}
* {{R:egy:Gardiner|p=429}}
* {{R:egy:Hoch|42}}
<references/>

{{C|egy|Units of measure}}

==Esperanto==

===Pronunciation===
* {{sense|letter name}} {{IPA|eo|/ro/}}
* {{sense|phoneme}} {{IPA|eo|/r/}}
* {{audio|eo|Eo-r.ogg}}

===Letter===
{{eo-letter|upper=R|lower=r}}

# {{Latn-def|eo|letter|21|ro}}

====See also====
* {{list:Latin script letters/eo}}

==Estonian==
{{wikipedia|lang=et}}

===Pronunciation===
* {{et-IPA/old|err}}

===Letter===
{{et-letter|upper=R|lower=r}}

# {{Latn-def|et|letter|18|err}}

====See also====
* {{list:Latin script letters/et}}

==Faroese==

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|fo|/ɹ/}}

===Letter===
{{head|fo|letter|upper case|R}}

# {{Latn-def|fo|letter|20}}

====See also====
* {{list:Latin script letters/fo}}

==Finnish==

===Etymology===
{{fi-ety-letter}}

===Pronunciation===
* {{audio|fi|Fi-r.ogg|text=[[är]], [[kärrynpyörä]], [[särky]], [[är]]}}

===Letter===
{{fi-letter|upper=R|lower=r}}

# {{Latn-def|fi|letter|18|är|er}}

====Derived terms====
{{col-auto|fi|title=compounds
|r-värinen
|sora-r
}}

====See also====
* {{list:Latin script letters/fi}}

==French==

===Pronunciation===
* {{q|letter name}} {{fr-IPA|erre}}

===Letter===
{{fr-letter|upper=R|lower=r}}

# {{Latn-def|fr|letter|18}}

==Fula==

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|ff|/ɾ/}}

===Letter===
{{ff-letter|upper=R|lower=r}}

# {{non-gloss|A [[letter]] of the Fula [[alphabet]], written in the [[Appendix:Latin script|Latin script]].}}

====Usage notes====
* {{U:ff:common}}

====See also====
* {{list:Latin script letters/ff}}

==Gothic==

===Romanization===
{{got-rom}}

# {{romanization of|got|𐍂}}

==Hungarian==

===Pronunciation===
* {{sense|phoneme}} {{hu-IPA}}
* {{sense|letter name}} {{hu-IPA|err}}

===Letter===
{{hu-letter|upper=R|lower=r}}

# {{Latn-def|hu|letter|29|err}}

====Declension====
{{hu-infl-nom|r-e|e|v=r}}{{hu-pos-etek|r-|j|jei}}

===See also===
* {{list:Latin script letters/hu}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:ErtSz}}

==Icelandic==

===Letter===
{{head|is|letter|upper case|R}}

# {{Latn-def|is|letter|21}}

===See also===
* {{list:Latin script letters/is}}

==Ido==

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|io|/ɾ/|a=context pronunciation}}
* {{IPA|io|/ɾe/|a=letter name}}

===Letter===
{{head|io|letter|upper case|R}}

# {{Latn-def|io|letter|18}}

====See also====
* {{list:Latin script letters/io}}

==Italian==

===Letter===
{{it-letter}}

# {{Latn-def|it|letter|16|erre}}

==Kankanaey==

===Etymology===
{{bor+|kne|tl|r}}. Letter pronunciation is influenced by {{der|kne|en|r}}.

===Pronunciation===
{{kne-pr|ar<a:letter name>|r<a:phoneme>}}

===Letter===
{{kne-head|letter}}

# {{Latn-def|kne|letter|20|ar}}

====See also====
* {{list:Latin script letters/kne}}

===References===
* {{R:kne:Ortograpiya 2016|page=10-11}}

==Kashubian==

===Etymology===
{{csb-ety-letter}}

===Letter===
{{head|csb|letter|lower case||upper case|R|}}

# {{Latn-def|csb|letter|25|}}

====See also====
* {{list:Latin script letters/csb}}

==Latin==

===Letter===
{{la-letter|upper=R|lower=r}}

# A letter in the [[Latin alphabet]], representing the sound /r/

====See also====
* {{list:Latin script letters/la}}

==Latvian==
{{wikipedia|lang=lv}}

===Etymology===
Proposed in 1908 as part of the new Latvian spelling by the scientific commission headed by [[w:Kārlis Mīlenbahs|K. Mīlenbahs]], which was accepted and began to be taught in schools in 1909. Prior to that, Latvian had been written in German [[Fraktur]], and sporadically in [[Cyrillic]].

===Pronunciation===
* {{lv-IPA|ɾ}}
{{rfap|lv}}

===Letter===
[[File:Latin alphabet Rr.svg|thumb|200px|R]]
{{lv-letter|upper=R|lower=r}}

# {{Latn-def|lv|letter|25|er}}

====See also====
* ''Letters of the Latvian alphabet:''
*: '''{{l|lv|burts|burti}}:''' {{l|lv|A}}{{l|lv|a}}, {{l|lv|Ā}}{{l|lv|ā}}, {{l|lv|B}}{{l|lv|b}}, {{l|lv|C}}{{l|lv|c}}, {{l|lv|Č}}{{l|lv|č}}, {{l|lv|D}}{{l|lv|d}}, {{l|lv|E}}{{l|lv|e}}, {{l|lv|Ē}}{{l|lv|ē}}, {{l|lv|F}}{{l|lv|f}}, {{l|lv|G}}{{l|lv|g}}, {{l|lv|Ģ}}{{l|lv|ģ}}, {{l|lv|H}}{{l|lv|h}}, {{l|lv|I}}{{l|lv|i}}, {{l|lv|Ī}}{{l|lv|ī}}, {{l|lv|J}}{{l|lv|j}}, {{l|lv|K}}{{l|lv|k}}, {{l|lv|Ķ}}{{l|lv|ķ}}, {{l|lv|L}}{{l|lv|l}}, {{l|lv|Ļ}}{{l|lv|ļ}}, {{l|lv|M}}{{l|lv|m}}, {{l|lv|N}}{{l|lv|n}}, {{l|lv|Ņ}}{{l|lv|ņ}}, {{l|lv|O}}{{l|lv|o}}, {{l|lv|P}}{{l|lv|p}}, {{l|lv|R}}{{l|lv|r}}, {{l|lv|S}}{{l|lv|s}}, {{l|lv|Š}}{{l|lv|š}}, {{l|lv|T}}{{l|lv|t}}, {{l|lv|U}}{{l|lv|u}}, {{l|lv|Ū}}{{l|lv|ū}}, {{l|lv|V}}{{l|lv|v}}, {{l|lv|Z}}{{l|lv|z}}, {{l|lv|Ž}}{{l|lv|ž}}

==Livonian==

===Pronunciation===
* {{qualifier|phoneme}} {{liv-IPA|r}}

===Letter===
{{head|liv|letter|upper case|R}}

# {{Latn-def|liv|letter|29}}

===See also===
* {{list:Latin script letters/liv}}

==Malay==

===Letter===
{{ms-letter|upper=R|lower=r}}

# {{Latn-def|ms|letter|18}}

====See also====
* {{list:Latin script letters/ms}}

==Maltese==

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|mt|/r/}}

===Letter===
{{head|mt|letter|lower case||upper case|R}}

# {{Latn-def|mt|letter|22}}

===See also===
* {{list:Latin script letters/mt}}

==Mandarin==

===Romanization===
{{cmn-pinyin}}

# {{cmn-pinyin of|兒}}

===References===
* [[w:Wenlin|Wenlin Pinyin dictionary]]
* {{pedia|erhua}}

==North Frisian==

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|frr|[r]|q2=more recently among some speakers|[ʁ]}}

===Letter===
{{head|frr|letter|lower case||upper case|R}}

# {{Latn-def|frr|letter|indef=1}}

====Usage notes====
* In the syllable [[coda]], ⟨{{l|frr||r}}⟩ is vowelized to {{IPAchar|[ɐ̯]}}, creating diphthongs (similarly to German and non-rhotic English). After ⟨{{l|frr||ia, ua}}⟩, insofar as they have {{IPAchar|[ɐ̯]}} to begin with, it may be lost entirely.
* In Sylt and Föhr-Amrum Frisian, ⟨{{l|frr||r}}⟩ before a voiceless [[stop]] is frequently not vowelized, but becomes {{IPAchar|[x]}} instead. This development is not related (or at least not directly so) to the use of {{w|uvular R}}, since it happens equally in those speakers who say {{IPAchar|[r]}}.

===See also===
* {{sense|North Frisian letters}} {{l|frr|[[a]], [[ä]], [[å]], [[ā]], [[b]], [[c]], [[d]], [[đ]], [[e]], [[ē]], [[f]], [[g]], [[h]], [[i]], [[j]], [[k]], [[l]], [[m]], [[n]], [[o]], [[ö]], [[p]], [[r]], [[s]], [[t]], [[u]], [[ü]], [[v]], [[w]] ([[q]], [[x]], [[y]], [[z]])}}

==Norwegian==

===Pronunciation===
* {{sense|letter name}} {{IPA|no|/ærː/|/æɾː/}}
* {{sense|phoneme}} {{IPA|no|/r/|/ɾ/|/ʁ/}}
* {{audio|nb|LL-Q9043 (nor)-Jon Harald Søby (WMNO)-r.wav}}

===Letter===
{{head|no|letter}}

# {{Latn-def|no|letter|18}}

====Usage notes====
* {{IPAchar|/ʁ/}} is the pronunciation of r usually found in southern and southeastern dialects of Norway. Bergen has the dialect best known for this sound. Said to come from Danish and/or German, originally from French.
* Dialects with {{IPAchar|/ʁ/}} do not have retroflex consonants.
* Silent before l in many dialects, such as [ˈdɔːlɪ] or [ˈdɔrlɪ] (dårlig/dårleg).

==Nupe==

===Pronunciation===
* {{sense|phoneme}} {{IPA|nup|/ɾ/}}

===Letter===
{{nup-letter|upper=R|lower=r}}

# {{Latn-def|nup|letter|20}}

====See also====
* {{list:Latin script letters/nup}}

==Polish==

===Etymology===
{{pl-ety-letter}}

===Pronunciation===
{{pl-pr|er|h=-|r=-}}

===Letter===
{{head|pl|letter|upper case|R|lower case||}}

# {{Latn-def|pl|letter|23|er}}

====See also====
* {{list:Latin script letters/pl}}

==Portuguese==

===Pronunciation===
* {{audio|pt|Pt-br-r.ogg|a=BR}}

===Letter===
{{pt-letter|upper=R|lower=r}}

# {{Latn-def|pt|letter|18}}

====See also====
* {{list:Latin script letters/pt}}

==Romani==

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|rom|/r/}}

===Letter===
{{head|rom|letter|lower case||upper case|R}}

# {{lb|rom|International Standard}} {{Latn-def|rom|letter|22}}
# {{lb|rom|Pan-Vlax}} {{Latn-def|rom|letter|23}}

====See also====
* {{list:Latin script letters/rom}}

===References===
* {{cite-book|ja|author=Yūsuke Sumi|title=ニューエクスプレスプラス　ロマ（ジプシー）語|trans-title=New Express Plus Romani (Gypsy)|entry=R, r|location=Tokyo|publisher=Hakusuisha|year=2018|year_published=2021|page=14|isbn=978-4-560-08916-3|oclc=1267332830}}

==Romanian==

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|ro|/r/}}

===Letter===
{{ro-letter|lower=r|upper=R}}

# {{Latn-def|ro|letter|21|er|re|rî}}

====See also====
* {{list:Latin script letters/ro}}

==Scottish Gaelic==

===Letter===
{{gd-letter|upper=R|lower=r}}

# {{Latn-def|gd|letter|15}} ''It is preceded by {{l|gd|p}} and followed by {{l|gd|s}}. Its traditional name is {{l|gd|ruis|t=elder}}.''

====See also====
* {{list:Latin script letters/gd}}

==Serbo-Croatian==

===Alternative forms===
* {{alt|sh|R||uppercase|}}

===Pronunciation===
* {{qualifier|phoneme}} {{IPA|sh|/r/}}

===Letter===
{{sh-letter}}

# The 23rd letter of the Serbo-Croatian Latin alphabet ([[gajica]]), preceded by {{l|sh|p}} and followed by {{l|sh|s}}.

==Silesian==

===Etymology===
{{szl-ety-letter}}

===Letter===
{{head|szl|letter|lower case||upper case|R|}}

# {{Latn-def|szl|letter|25}}

====See also====
* {{list:Latin script letters/szl}}

==Skolt Sami==

===Pronunciation===
* {{qualifier|phoneme}} {{IPA|sms|/r/}}

===Letter===
{{head|sms|letter|upper case|R}}

# {{Latn-def|sms|letter|27}}

===See also===
* {{list:Latin script letters/sms}}

==Spanish==

===Pronunciation===
{{es-pr|raw:/ɾ/<q:phoneme>,raw:/r/|erre<q:letter name><audio:letter r es es.flac<a:Spain>>}}

===Letter===
{{head|es|letter|lower case||upper case|R}}

# {{Latn-def|es|letter|19}}

====Derived terms====
{{col-auto|es|media r}}

====See also====
* {{list:Latin script letters/es}}

==Swedish==

===Letter===
{{head|sv|letters|lower case||upper case|R}}

# {{Latn-def|sv|letter|18}}

====See also====
* {{list:Latin script letters/sv/simple}}

==Tagalog==

===Etymology===
{{bor+|tl|es|r}}. Each pronunciation has a different source:
* Filipino alphabet pronunciation is influenced by {{der|tl|en|r}}.
* Abakada alphabet pronunciation is influenced by Baybayin character {{m-lite|tl|{{tl-bay sc|ra}}|sc=Tglg|tr=da/ra}}.
* Abecedario pronunciation is from {{der|tl|es|r}}.

===Pronunciation===
{{tl-pr
|ár<qq:letter name, Filipino alphabet>
|rá<qq:letter name, Abakada alphabet>
|ere<qq:letter name, Abecedario>
|+<qq:phoneme>
}}

===Letter===
{{tl-letter|b=ar}}

# {{tl-letter-def|20|ar|alph=fil}}

====See also====
* {{list:Latin script letters/tl}}

===Letter===
{{tl-letter|b=ra}}

# {{tl-letter-def|15|ra|alph=abak}}

===Letter===
{{tl-letter|b=ere}}

# {{lb|tl|historical}} {{tl-letter-def|21|ere|alph=abec}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:Pambansang Diksiyonaryo}}

==Turkish==

===Pronunciation===
* {{qualifier|phoneme}} {{IPA|tr|/ɾ/}}

===Letter===
{{tr-letter|upper=R|lower=r}}

# {{Latn-def|tr|letter|21|re}}

====See also====
* {{list:Latin script letters/tr}}

==Turkmen==

===Pronunciation===
* {{qualifier|phoneme}} {{IPA|tk|/r/}}

===Letter===
{{head|tk|letter|upper case|R}}

# {{Latn-def|tk|letter|21|er}}

===See also===
* {{list:Latin script letters/tk}}

==Welsh==

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|cy|/ɛr/|a=standard}}
** {{IPA|cy|/r/|a=informal}}

===Letter===
{{cy-letter|upper=R|lower=r}}

# {{Latn-def|cy|letter|23|er}} ''It is preceded by {{l|cy|ph}} and followed by {{l|cy|rh}}.''

===See also===
* {{list:Latin script letters/cy}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:cy:GPC}}

==Yoruba==

===Pronunciation===
* {{sense|phoneme}} {{IPA|yo|/ɾ/}}
* {{sense|letter name}} {{IPA|yo|/ɾí/}}

===Letter===
{{yo-letter|upper=R|lower=r}}

# {{Latn-def|yo|letter|19|rí}}

====See also====
* {{list:Latin script letters/yo}}

==Zulu==

===Letter===
{{zu-letter}}

# {{Latn-def|zu|letter|18}}

====See also====
* {{list:Latin script letters/zu}}

{{c:nb:Clocks}}