View source for rogue

{{also|Rogue|rogué}}
==English==
{{wikipedia}}

===Etymology===
{{unc|en}}. From either:
* Earlier English {{m|en|roger|t=a begging vagabond who pretends to be a poor scholar from Oxford or Cambridge}}, possibly from {{der|en|la|rogō|t=I ask}}.
* {{der|en|frm|rogue|t=arrogant, haughty}}, from {{der|en|fro-nor|fro|rogre|t=aggressive}}, from {{der|en|non|hrokr|t=excess, exuberance}}, for which see {{cog|is|hroki|t=arrogance}}, though OED does not document this.
* {{der|en|cel}}; see {{cog|br|rog|t=haughty}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{enPR|rōg|a=RP}}, {{IPA|en|/ˈɹəʊɡ/}}
* {{IPA|en|/ˈɹoʊ̯ɡ/|a=US}}
* {{audio|en|en-us-rogue.ogg|a=US}}
* {{rhymes|en|əʊɡ|s=1}}

===Noun===
{{en-noun}}

# A [[scoundrel]], [[rascal]] or [[unprincipled]], [[deceitful]], and [[unreliable]] [[person]].
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1834|author=Sir Walter Scott|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AIaWGOcbHP0C&pg=PA217&dq=%22trangam%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CB0Q6AEwAGoVChMI64aRmMmtxwIVkJqICh0sLAA7#v=onepage&q=%22trangam%22&f=false|title=The abbott: being a sequel to The monastery, Volume 19
|passage=And meet time it was, when yon usher, vinegar-faced '''rogue''' that he is, began to inquire what popish trangam you were wearing {{...}}}}
#* {{RQ:Thackeray Pendennis||passage=He had told more lies in his time, and undergone more baseness of stratagem in order to stave off a small debt, or to swindle a poor creditor, than would have sufficed to make a fortune for a braver '''rogue'''.|44}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1913|author=[[w:Robert Barr (writer)|Robert Barr]]
|title=Lord Stranleigh Abroad
|chapter=4|url=http://openlibrary.org/works/OL1796924W
|passage=“… No '''rogue''' e’er felt the halter draw, with a good opinion of the law, and perhaps my own detestation of the law arises from my having frequently broken it.&nbsp;[&hellip;]”}}
#* {{quote-web|en|date=July 18 2012|author=Scott Tobias|title=The Dark Knight Rises|work=AV Club|url=http://www.avclub.com/articles/the-dark-knight-rises-review-batman,82624/|text=As ''The Dark Knight Rises'' brings a close to Christopher Nolan’s staggeringly ambitious Batman trilogy, it’s worth remembering that director chose The Scarecrow as his first villain—not necessarily the most popular among the comic’s gallery of '''rogues''', but the one who set the tone for entire series.}}
# A [[mischievous]] [[scamp]].
#* {{RQ:Shakespeare Henry 4-2|I|iv|passage=Ah, you sweet little '''rogue''', you!}}
# A [[vagrant]].
# {{lb|en|computing}} {{cap|malware}} that [[deceitful]]ly presents itself as [[antispyware]].
#* {{quote-journal|en|date=October 29, 2009|work=|volume=|number=|title=Scareware Tops Microsoft's Malware List|author=Larry Seltzer|passage=An entry in the Microsoft Malware Protection Center's Threat Research & Response Blog shows that rogue AV, also known as scareware, is ruling the malware roost, as 6 top of the 10 malicious programs removed by the MSRT (Malicious Software Removal Tool) in the US in October were ''''''rogues''''''.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|date=October 31, 2013|work=The Guardian|volume=|number=|title=Windows PUPs: how do I remove potentially unwanted programs?|author=|passage=Next, click the "Installed on" heading in the Windows 7 uninstaller to sort the list by date, and see if any programs have the same date and time stamps as your '''rogues'''.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|date=August 20, 2014|work=BetaNews|volume=|number=|title=Microsoft detects fall in fake antivirus traffic|author=Ian Barker|passage=Now though researchers at Microsoft's Malware Protection Center are reporting a downward trend in the traffic generated by some of the most popular '''rogues''' over the past 12 months.}}
# An [[aggressive]] [[animal]] [[separate]] from the [[herd]], especially an [[elephant]].
# A [[plant]] that shows some [[undesirable]] [[variation]].
#* '''2000''' Carol Deppe, ''Breed Your Own Vegetable Varieties'', Totnes: Chelsea Green Pub.
#*: Maintaining varieties also requires selection, however. It's usually referred to as ''culling'' or ''roguing''. ...we examine the [plant] population and eliminate the occasional '''rogue'''.
# {{lb|en|role-playing games}} A {{l|en|character class}} focusing on {{l|en|stealthy}} conduct.

====Synonyms====
* ''See'' [[Thesaurus:villain]]

====Coordinate terms====
* ''See'' [[Thesaurus:maverick]]

====Descendants====
* {{desc|ga|rógaire|bor=1|der=1}}
* {{desc|ga|rógánta|bor=1|der=1}}

====Translations====
{{trans-top|a scoundrel, rascal or unprincipled, deceitful, and unreliable person}}
* Afrikaans: {{t+|af|skelm}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|мошеник}}
* Burmese: {{t+|my|ငတေ}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|brètol|m}}, {{t+|ca|malvat|m}}, {{t|ca|ribald|m}}
* Chinese:
*: Cantonese: {{t|yue|盜賊|tr=dou6 caak6}} {{qualifier|fantasy, a robber}}, {{t|yue|遊蕩者|tr=jau4 dong6 ze2}} {{qualifier|fantasy, a bandit}}
*: Dungan: {{t|dng|хулюҗин}}
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|無賴|tr=wúlài}}, {{t+|cmn|流氓|tr=wúlài}}
* Czech: {{t+|cs|darebák|m}}, {{t+|cs|lump|m}}, {{t+|cs|lotr|m}}
* Danish: {{t|da|skurk}}, {{t|da|sjover}}, {{t|da|slambert}}, {{t|da|slubbert}}, {{t|da|slyngel}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|schelm}}
* Esperanto: {{t|eo|bubaĉo}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|roisto}}, {{t+|fi|konna}}, {{t+|fi|kelmi}}
* French: {{t+|fr|canaille|f}}, {{t+|fr|fripouille|f}}, {{t+|fr|coquin|m}}, {{t+|fr|voyou|m}}
* Galician: {{t|gl|boirao|m}}, {{t|gl|guímaro|m}}, {{t|gl|bagullo|m}}, {{t|gl|andosco|m}}, {{t|gl|beleigán|m}}, {{t|gl|rillote|m}}, {{t+|gl|falcatrueiro|m}}, {{t|gl|brigante|m}}, {{t|gl|lampanas|m}}, {{t|gl|taleigán|m}}, {{t+|gl|lampantín|m}}, {{t|gl|laña|m}}, {{t|gl|menxengo|m}}, {{t|gl|franduleiro|m}}
* German: {{t+|de|Schurke|m}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|κάθαρμα|n}}, {{t+|el|παλιόμουτρο|n}}, {{t+|el|απατεώνας|m}}
*: Ancient: {{t|grc|κόβαλος|m}}, {{t|grc|πανοῦργος|m}}
* Hawaiian: {{t|haw|ʻeu}}
* Hindi: {{t+|hi|दुष्ट|m}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|zsivány}}, {{t+|hu|csirkefogó}}, {{t+|hu|betyár}}, {{t+|hu|gazember}}, {{t+|hu|szélhámos}}, {{t+|hu|gazfickó}}, {{t+|hu|lator}}, {{t+|hu|svindler}}
* Indonesian: {{t+|id|bajingan}}
* Irish: {{t|ga|rógaire|m}}, {{t|ga|bithiúnach|m}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|briccone|m}}, {{t+|it|canaglia|f}}, {{t|it|buono a nulla|m}}
* Kannada: {{t+|kn|ಪೋಕ}}, {{t+|kn|ಹೋಕ}}, {{t+|kn|ಪೋಕರಿ}}
* Khmer: {{t|km|ធុត្តជន}}
* Lao: {{t|lo|ຄົນອັນທະພານ}}, {{t|lo|ຊະເລ}}, {{t|lo|ອັນທະພານ}}, {{t|lo|ເລງ}}
* Latin: {{t|la|furcifer|m}}, {{t|la|furcifera|f}}, {{t|la|verberō|m}}, {{t|la|mastīgia|m}}
* Macedonian: {{t|mk|по́длец|m}}, {{t|mk|и́змамник|m}}
* Malayalam: {{t+|ml|വഞ്ചകൻ}}, {{t+|ml|ചതിയൻ}}, {{t+|ml|കുറുക്കൻ}}
* Middle English: {{t|enm|losengeour}}
* Norman: {{t|nrf|ch'napan|m}}, {{t|nrf|cotchîn|m}}, {{t|nrf|filou|m}}, {{t|nrf|scélérat|m}}
* Ottoman Turkish: {{t|ota|لوند|tr=levend}}
* Plautdietsch: {{t|pdt|Bädel|m}}, {{t|pdt|Schuft|m}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|velhaco|m}}, {{t+|pt|tratante|m|f}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|негодя́й|m}}, {{t+|ru|подле́ц|m}}
* Sanskrit: {{t+|sa|धूर्त|n}}
* Scottish Gaelic: {{t|gd|balgair|m}}, {{t|gd|slaightear|m}}, {{t|gd|trustar|m}}, {{t|gd|cealgair|m}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|canalla|m|f}}, {{t+|es|granuja|m|f}}, {{t+|es|bribón|m}}, {{t+|es|truhan|m}}, {{t+|es|pícaro|m}}, {{t+|es|bellaco|m}}, {{t+|es|verraco|m}}, {{t+|es|chantapufi|m|f}} {{qualifier|River Plate}}, {{t+|es|chanta|m|f}} {{qualifier|South America}}, {{t+|es|rebelde|m}}, {{t+|es|delincuente|m|f}}, {{t+|es|gamberro|m}}, {{t+|es|tuno|m}}, {{t+|es|tunante|m}}, {{t+|es|truhán|m}}
* Swahili: {{t+|sw|ayari|c9|c10}}, {{t|sw|laghai|c9|c10}}, {{t+|sw|mlaghai|c9|c10}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|skälm|c}}, {{t+|sv|skurk|c}}
* Telugu: {{t+|te|దుర్మార్గుడు}}
* Ukrainian: {{t|uk|негі́дник|m}}, {{t|uk|негі́дниця|f}}
* Zulu: {{t|zu|ihilikiqi}}, {{t|zu|isichwensi}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|a mischievous scamp}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|палавник|m}}
* Czech: {{t|cs|rošťák|m}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|kwajongen|m}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|veijari}}
* French: {{t+|fr|garnement|m}}
* German: {{t+|de|Schlingel|m}}, {{t+|de|Schelm|m}}, {{t+|de|Strolch|m}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|κατεργάρης|m}}
* Hawaiian: {{t|haw|ʻeu}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|gézengúz}}, {{t+|hu|rosszcsont}}, {{t+|hu|csirkefogó}}, {{t+|hu|huncut}}, {{t+|hu|kópé}}, {{t+|hu|selma}}, {{t+|hu|selyma}}
* Macedonian: {{t|mk|па́лавник|m}}, {{t|mk|не́мирник|m}}
* Malayalam: {{t+|ml|വഞ്ചകൻ}}, {{t+|ml|ചതിയൻ}}, {{t+|ml|കുറുക്കൻ}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|patife|m}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|прока́зник|m}}, {{t+|ru|шалу́н|m}}, {{t+|ru|пройдо́ха|m|f}}, {{t+|ru|плут|m}}, {{t+|ru|бе́стия|f}}
* Swahili: {{t|sw|mhuni|c1|c2}}
* Ukrainian: {{t|uk|розбі́йник|m}}, {{t|uk|розбі́йниця|f}}
* Zulu: {{t|zu|ishinga}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|a vagrant}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|скитник|m}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|rodamon|m}}, {{t+|ca|vagabund|m}}
* Danish: {{t+|da|vagabond}}, {{t|da|landevejsridder}}, {{t|da|landstryger}}, {{t+|da|stodder}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|zwerver|m}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|kulkuri}}
* French: {{t+|fr|vagabond|m}}, {{t+|fr|clochard|m}}
* Galician: {{t|gl|moina|m}}, {{t+|gl|moinante|m}}
* German: {{t+|de|Vagabund|m}}, {{t+|de|Landstreicher|m}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|αλήτης|m}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|csavargó}}
* Latin: {{t|la|profugus|m}}, {{t+|la|errō|m}}, {{t|la|planus|m}}
* Macedonian: {{t|mk|ски́тник|m}}
* Maori: {{t|mi|tōiwi}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|бродя́га|m|f}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|vago|m}}
* Swahili: {{t|sw|mhuni|c1|c2}}
* Ukrainian: {{t|uk|волоцю́га|m|f}}, {{t|uk|пройди́світ|m}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|malware that presents itself as antispyware}}
* Portuguese: {{t|pt|invasor|m}} {{qualifier|Brazil}}, {{t+|pt|pirata|m|f}} {{qualifier|Portugal}}, {{t|pt|sistema não autorizado|m}}, {{t|pt|sistema não controlado|m}} {{qualifier|Portugal}}
* Russian: {{t|ru|лжеантиви́рус|m}}
* Swahili: {{t|sw|ya shari}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|an aggressive animal separate from the herd, especially an elephant}}
* Czech: {{t|cs|samotář|m}}
* Hungarian: {{t|hu|[[magányos]]/[[elkülönült]] [[állat]]/[[elefánt]]}}
* Latin: {{t|la|defector|m}}
* Swahili: {{t|sw|mshari|c1|c2}}
* Zulu: {{t|zu|umhuqa}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|a plant that shows some undesirable variation}}
* Hungarian: {{t|hu|[[elfajzó]]/[[elfajzott]] [[növény]]}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{checktrans-top}}
* Esperanto: {{t-check|eo|bubaĉo}}
* Ido: {{t+check|io|bubacho}}
{{trans-bottom}}

===Adjective===
{{en-adj}}

# {{lb|en|of an animal, especially an elephant}} Vicious and solitary.
# {{lb|en|by extension}} [[large|Large]], [[destructive]] and [[unpredictable]].
# {{lb|en|by extension}} [[deceitful|Deceitful]], [[unprincipled]].
#* {{quote-text|en|year=2004|author=[[w: Chris Wallace (journalist)|Chris Wallace]]|title=Character: Profiles in Presidential Courage
|passage=In the minds of Republican hard-liners, the "Silent Majority" of Americans who had elected the President, and even Nixon's two Democrat predecessors, China was a gigantic nuke-wielding '''rogue''' state prepared to overrun the free world at any moment.}}
# [[mischievous|Mischievous]], [[unpredictable]].
#* {{quote-journal|en|date=2013-06-29|volume=407|issue=8842|page=55|magazine=w:The Economist
|title=[http://www.economist.com/news/international/21580191-edward-snowdens-odyssey-leaves-america-nonplussed-and-its-allies-dismayed-russia-china Travels and travails]
|passage=Even without hovering drones, a lurking assassin, a thumping score and a denouement, the real-life story of Edward Snowden, a '''rogue''' spy on the run, could be straight out of the cinema. But, as with Hollywood, the subplots and exotic locations may distract from the real message: America’s discomfort and its foes’ glee.}}

====Translations====
{{trans-top|(animal) vicious and solitary}}
* German: {{t|de|einzelgängerisch}}, {{t+|de|aggressiv}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|solitario}}, {{t+|es|agresivo}}
* Swahili: {{t|sw|mshari}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|large, destructive and unpredictable}}
* Czech: {{t+|cs|nevyzpytatelný}}
* French: {{t+|fr|incontrôlable|m|f}}
* German: {{t+|de|anormal}}, {{t+|de|entartet}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|incontrolable}}, {{t+|es|rebelde}}
* Swahili: {{t|sw|ya balaa}}, {{t|sw|yenye balaa}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|deceitful, unprincipled}}
* French: {{t+|fr|sans scrupules}}
* German: {{t|de|unseriös}}, {{t+|de|betrügerisch}}, {{t+|de|skrupellos}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|inescrupuloso|m}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|deshonesto}}, {{t+|es|corrupto}}, {{t|es|inescrupuloso}}, {{t+|es|chanta}} {{qualifier|South America}}, {{t+|es|chantapufi}} {{qualifier|River Plate}}, {{t+|es|bribón}}, {{t+|es|pícaro|m}}, {{t+|es|bellaco}}, {{t+|es|delincuente}}, {{t+|es|gamberro}}
* Swahili: {{t|sw|ya kilaghai}}
* Ukrainian: {{t+|uk|брехли́вий}}
{{trans-bottom}}

===Verb===
{{en-verb|pres_ptc2=rogueing}}

# {{lb|en|horticulture}} To [[cull]]; to destroy plants not meeting a required standard, especially when saving seed, rogue or [[unwanted]] plants are removed before pollination.
#* '''2000''' Carol Deppe, ''Breed Your Own Vegetable Varieties'', Totnes: Chelsea Green Pub.
#*: Maintaining varieties also requires selection, however. It's usually referred to as ''culling'' or '''''roguing'''''. ...we examine the [plant] population and eliminate the occasional rogue.
# {{lb|en|transitive|dated}} To [[cheat]].
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1883|title=Prairie Farmer|volume=55|page=29
|passage=And then to think that Mark should have '''rogued''' me of five shiners! He was clever—that's a fact.}}
# {{lb|en|obsolete}} To give the name or designation of rogue to; to [[decry]].
#* {{RQ:Cudworth Universe|passage=he Atheists may endeavour to '''rogue''' and ridicule all incorporeal Substance}}
# {{lb|en|intransitive|obsolete}} To [[wander]]; to play the [[vagabond]]; to play [[knavish]] [[trick]]s.
#* {{RQ:Spenser Ireland||passage=if hee be but once so taken idlely '''roguing'''}}

====Translations====
{{trans-top}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|tunear}}, {{t+|es|tunar}}
{{trans-bottom}}

===Derived terms===
{{der3|en
|archrogue
|barrier rogue
|go rogue
|rogue access point
|rogue elephant
|rogue gallery
|rogue-lite
|rogue money
|rogue planet
|rogues' gallery
|rogue state
|rogue trader
|rogue wave
|roguey
|roguish
}}

===See also===
* {{l|en|rouge}} ''the shade of red''

===References===
{{R:Webster 1913}}

===Anagrams===
* {{anagrams|en|a=egoru|rouge|Rouge|orgue}}

{{C|en|People|Stock characters}}

==French==

===Pronunciation===
* {{fr-IPA}}

===Etymology 1===
Attested since the 18th century. From {{inh|fr|frm|*rogue}}, of {{der|fr|gem|-}} origin, ultimately from {{der|fr|gem-pro|*hrugnaz|*hrugną|t=spawn, roe}}, itself possibly from {{der|fr|ine-pro|*krek-|t=spawn, frogspawn}}. The immediate source is either {{der|fr|nl|roge}} or {{der|fr|non|hrogn}}. The late attestation speaks for {{der|fr|nl|-}} origin. However, the ''Trésor de la langue française'' says the word is especially Norman, which makes Old Norse origin plausible. Cognate with {{m+|en|roe}}, which see.

====Noun====
{{fr-noun|f}}

# [[roe]] {{gloss|fish eggs}}

===Etymology 2===
{{inh+|fr|frm|rogue}}, from {{inh|fr|fro|rogre|t=haughty; aggressive; exhilarated}}, from {{der|fr|non|hrokr|t=excess; insolence}}, for which see {{cog|is|hroki|t=arrogance}}. Cognate with {{cog|is|hrokur|t=arrogance}}.

====Adjective====
{{fr-adj}}

# [[haughty]]
# [[contemptuous]]
# [[roguish]]

===Further reading===
* {{R:fr:TLFi}}

==Galician==

===Verb===
{{head|gl|verb form}}

# {{gl-verb form of|rogar}}

==Middle French==

===Etymology===
From {{inh|frm|fro|rogre|t=haughty; aggressive; exhilarated}}, from {{der|frm|non|hrokr|t=excess; insolence}}, for which see {{cog|is|hroki|t=arrogance}}. Cognate with {{cog|is|hrokur|t=arrogance}}.

===Adjective===
{{frm-adj|mf}}

# [[arrogant]]; [[haughty]]

==Portuguese==

===Verb===
{{head|pt|verb form}}

# {{pt-verb form of|rogar}}